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Indian perspectives on single-session therapy: an initial qualitative study with psychiatric social workers
Single-Session Therapy (SST) is an emerging approach to mental-health service delivery that maximises the value of a single clinical encounter. It is gaining traction globally for its brevity and potential to address mental health concerns. This study explores perspectives of five Psychiatric Social Workers (PSWs) at a premier Indian psychiatric institute regarding SSTs suitability for the Indian population. Hybrid thematic analysis of a focus group discussion reveals both promising potential and significant challenges for adapting SST to the Indian context. Although participants noted that intentional one-time visits are currently uncommon at their institution, they identified SST as a responsive intervention for addressing caregiver burden and preventing relapse, suggesting its value as a responsive and opportunity-based intervention. Participants raised practical concerns regarding session structure, time constraints, and unpredictability of client return. Despite these cautions, they recognised SSTs potential to widen access to care in India. The discussion emphasises on need for specialised training, supervision, regulatory frameworks, and broader mental health promotion efforts to incorporate SST as a viable therapeutic intervention delivery method. This preliminary investigation serves as a valuable springboard for further research on the potential of SST in a country like India. 2026 GAPS. -
Measuring Support Providers Perspectives on Single-Session Therapy: Psychometric Evidence for SSTMS and BAT-Q
Objective: Effective Single-Session Therapy (SST) hinges on the support providers specific perspectives that align with SST thinking. This study provides validity evidence for the scores of the Belief and Attitude Toward Therapy Questionnaire (BAT-Q) and develops the Single-Session Therapy Mindset Scale (SSTMS). Method: A diverse global sample of 415 practicing and trainee mental health support providers involved with individual psychotherapy provided data online. Results: The BAT-Q demonstrated strong psychometric properties in our sample (Cronbachs ? = 0.833), confirming its continued relevance and reliability. Exploratory Factor Analysis helped with item reduction of the newly developed SSTMS. It demonstrated internal consistency (Cronbachs ? = 0.826) and significant correlations with the BAT-Q. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis could identify a cutoff value of 46/60 on SSTMS to identify support providers with the mindset for successful SST practice. Conclusions: These scales empower researchers to explore SST implementation, training, and cultural impacts and support providers for self-assessment, ultimately advancing SST. 2026 Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC). -
Financial Inclusion as a Tool for Social Equity: A Focus on the Elderly and Underprivileged
Financial inclusion is a key element in reducing poverty and promoting economic growth, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and the poor. This article explores the multiple barriers that these groups face in accessing financial services, including economic constraints, discrimination, and lack of identification and credit history. The report highlights the special challenges that older people face due to limited mobility and digital literacy. The study emphasizes the importance of a multi-faceted policy approach to improving financial inclusion, including developing simplified financial products, expanding financial literacy programs, and working with NGOs. The paper focuses on effective strategies and proposes interventions aimed at empowering these populations and improving their access to financial resources, ultimately supporting economic stability and reducing inequality. The findings highlight the need for policymakers and financial institutions to work together to address systemic barriers that impede the financial autonomy of vulnerable groups. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026. -
Edge criticality in signed graphs admitting a Roman dominating function
A Roman dominating function(RDF) on a signed graph S = (G, ?) is a function f: V (S) ? {0, 1, 2} such that f(N[v]) ? 1 for every vertex v ? V (S) and any vertex v with f(v) = 0 has a neighbour u ? N + P (v) having f(u) = 2, where f(N[v]) = f(v) + ?u?N(v) ?(uv)f(u). The weight of an RDF is ?(f) = ?v?V f(v) and the minimum weight among all the RDFs on S is called the Roman domination number, ?R(S). In this article we explore the concept of edge criticality in signed graphs admitting an RDF by examining the signed graphs S such that ?R(S+uv) < ?R(S), for any pair of non-adjacent vertices u and v of S, such that the edge uv is positive. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ -
A Study on Dominating Functions in Signed Graphs
In this thesis, a study on Roman dominating functions in the realm of signed graphs is carried out. Unlike graphs, not all signed graphs admit a Roman dominating function, which leads to the primary problem of exploring signed graphs admitting a Roman dominating function. Further, variants of dominating function such as Roman {2}-dominating function, Minus dominating function and Signed dominating function in signed graphs are also studied. A dominating set of a signed graph S is dened as a set D and#8838; V such that each vertex v and#8712; V \ D has at least one neighbour u and#8712; D with and#963;(uv) = 1. The domination number and#947;(S) is the minimum cardinality among all the dominating sets newlineof S. A characterisation for minimal dominating sets of a signed graph along with newlinecharacterisations of signed graphs with domination number k, where 1 and#8804; k and#8804; 4 and newlinen and#8722; 2 and#8804; k and#8804; n are obtained. A Roman dominating function(RDF) on a signed graph S = (G, and#963;) is a function f : V (S) and#8594; {0, 1, 2} having the properties that (i) for every vertex u and#8712; V (G), f(N[u]) = f(u) + Pvand#8712;N (u) and#963;(uv)f(v) and#8805; 1 and (ii) for each vertex u and#8712; V (G) with f(u) = 0, there exists a vertex v and#8712; N +(u) having f(v) = 2. The signed graphs newlineadmitting an RDF are explored and certain classes of signed graphs such as paths, newlinecycles, stars admitting an RDF are characterised. Further, structural properties of signed graphs with 3-regular underlying graphs that admit an RDF are presented newlineand a characterisation of net-regular signed graphs with 3-regular underlying graphs, newlineadmitting an RDF is obtained. The signed graphs with Roman domination number equal to 2, 3, 4 and n are characterised. Further, criticality concepts have been examined by studying and#947;R-edge critical signed graphs S for which and#947;R(S +e) lt and#947;R(S), where the signature of the edge e is 1. A characterisation of and#947;R-edge critical signed trees with a single negative edge is presented, apart from some general results on and#947;R-edge critical signed graphs. -
A study on dominating functions in signed graphs
In this thesis, a study on Roman dominating functions in the realm of signed graphs is carried out. Unlike graphs, not all signed graphs admit a Roman dominating function, which leads to the primary problem of exploring signed graphs admitting a Roman dominating function. Further, variants of dominating function such as Roman {2}-dominating function, Minus dominating function and Signed dominating function in signed graphs are also studied. A dominating set of a signed graph S is dened as a set D and#8838; V such that each vertex v and#8712; V \ D has at least one neighbour u and#8712; D with and#963;(uv) = 1. The domination number and#947;(S) is the minimum cardinality among all the dominating sets newlineof S. A characterisation for minimal dominating sets of a signed graph along with newlinecharacterisations of signed graphs with domination number k, where 1 and#8804; k and#8804; 4 and newlinen and#8722; 2 and#8804; k and#8804; n are obtained. A Roman dominating function(RDF) on a signed graph S = (G, and#963;) is a function f : V (S) and#8594; {0, 1, 2} having the properties that (i) for every vertex u and#8712; V (G), f(N[u]) = f(u) + Pvand#8712;N (u) and#963;(uv)f(v) and#8805; 1 and (ii) for each vertex u and#8712; V (G) with f(u) = 0, there exists a vertex v and#8712; N +(u) having f(v) = 2. The signed graphs newlineadmitting an RDF are explored and certain classes of signed graphs such as paths, newlinecycles, stars admitting an RDF are characterised. Further, structural properties of signed graphs with 3-regular underlying graphs that admit an RDF are presented newlineand a characterisation of net-regular signed graphs with 3-regular underlying graphs, newlineadmitting an RDF is obtained. The signed graphs with Roman domination number equal to 2, 3, 4 and n are characterised. Further, criticality concepts have been examined by studying and#947;R-edge critical signed graphs S for which and#947;R(S +e) lt and#947;R(S), where the signature of the edge e is 1. A characterisation of and#947;R-edge critical signed trees with a single negative edge is presented, apart from some general results on and#947;R-edge critical signed graphs.
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STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SIGNED GRAPHS ADMITTING ROMAN DOMINATING FUNCTION
A Roman dominating function(RDF) on a signed graph S = (G, ?) is a function f: V (S) ? {0, 1, 2} such that (i) (Formula presented) for every vertex (Formula presented) and (ii) for any vertex v with f(v) = 0 there exists a vertex (Formula presented) having f(u) = 2. In this article we explore structural properties of signed graphs admitting an RDF. Further, signed graphs with 3-regular graph as their underlying graph are examined and characterisation of one of its subclasses, net-regular signed graphs admitting an RDF is obtained. I??k University, Department of Mathematics, 2025; all rights reserved. -
Data-Driven Malware Detection: Exploring Supervised Machine Learning Approaches
Malicious software must be detected in order to protect sensitive data and systems in the digital era, as sophisticated malware is posing serious risks to cybersecurity. By examining supervised machine learning approaches with a particular focus on Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Decision Trees, this research proposes a data-driven approach to malware detection. These algorithms are trained to recognize patterns indicating malware by using labeled datasets containing four types of malwares, Ransomware, Trojan, Virus, and Worm. The performance of these algorithms is comprehensively investigated in the paper, with comparisons made between their accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Based on the experimental results, Random Forest (96% accuracy) performed better in terms of robustness and accuracy of detection than both Logistic Regression (91%) and Decision Trees (84%). Logistic Regression provided faster computation at the expense of less accurate detection. Decision trees, while relatively simple to comprehend, performed moderately and they overfit the data. The studys conclusion highlights the significance of choosing the appropriate model in accordance with particular cyber security requirements, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of every approach as well as their practical applicability in real-time malware detection systems. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Decolonizing English Studies in India: Teaching of Native American Literatures in South Indian Universities
Contemporary higher education emphasizes glocal frameworks that accommodate both global and regional priorities in development. Decolonization of education becomes crucial in this context, where colonization led to the marginalization of Indigenous cultures, including Native American cultural traditions and knowledge systems. Multicultural inclusivity in higher education observes marginalized epistemic systems and gives them a place in the curriculum. By incorporating Native American texts in the English studies university syllabi in India, decolonization is brought into purview. This chapter deals with how the South Indian universities introduce Native American texts. The authors argue that multiculturalism in this context contributes to decolonial pedagogy, and the existing epistemic gap due to colonial oppression is problematized by inspecting the epistemic traditions of former colonies outside India. Content analysis of syllabi in the Central and state universities is the qualitative method used. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
I Woke Up Already Hurting: Postcolonial Affect in Tanya Tagaqs Split Tooth
Indigenous writing with postcolonial themes foregrounds the erasure and marginalization that result from colonialism. The genre-disrupting, coming-of-age novel Split Tooth (2018) by Inuit author Tanya Tagaq explores the personal and public life of a young Inuk woman from one of the Indigenous communities in the Canadian Arctic region. Split Tooth focuses on themes like the disappearances and deaths of Indigenous women, Inuit cultural settings, sexual assault, precarity, and violence. The novel meanders through emotions such as fear, shame, and grief, and can be analyzed through the theoretical framework of postcolonial affect. Postcolonial affect primarily examines the diverse emotional states of the colonized as indicators of the crisis that arises from colonization. The objective of the analysis is to highlight the delineation of affect in Split Tooth, as Tagaq blends the personal and the political in her narrative. Postcolonial affect is used for the theoretical examination of appropriation and violence that constitute the precarity of Inuit people, particularly women. 2025, Faculty of Philology, University of Bialystok. All rights reserved. -
Reimagining Career Growth for Gen Z and Millennials: Role of Career Lattices in Enhancing Employee Engagement
Problem: Widespread disengagement among the working professionals and changing career expectations of Generation Z and Millennials pose a risk to talent management, retention, and performance in the IT sector. Solution: This quantitative study examines how employees perceived competence translates into engagement via multi-directional career development pathways (career lattice, career-goal progress, professional ability improvement, and promotion) using a survey of 304 IT professionals and PLS-SEM. Results show that employees who felt more competent reported higher engagement, and this relationship was strengthened when organisations provided career lattice pathways such as skill development, lateral mobility, and goal progress. Stakeholders: The findings identify actionable levers for organizational leaders, HRD practitioners, and talent managers to design adaptive career frameworks that increase engagement among Gen Z and Millennial employees. Implication: HRD leaders and talent managers should prioritise flexible, skills-based mobility and career-goal supports to boost Gen Z and Millennials engagement. The Author(s) 2026 -
Organizational Characteristics of Happy Organizations
This chapter undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the specific organisational characteristics that are foundational to the cultivation and sustained presence of happiness and well- being within the workplace. Moving beyond the well- trodden path of individual- level determinants of employee satisfaction, this contribution meticulously dissects the systemic elements, deeply ingrained cultural norms, and thoughtfully designed structural frameworks that collectively contribute to the emergence of a positive and flourishing work environment. By examining existing scholarly research and synthesizing diverse theoretical perspectives, this chapter identifies the core organisational attributes that not only nurture employee happiness and a profound sense of well- being but also exert a demonstrably positive influence on critical organisational outcomes. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Is connection the key? The mediating role of psychological safety in the relationship between relatedness to employee engagement
This study examines the influence of Relatedness Needs (RL) on Employee Engagement (EE) in Bengaluru's Information Technology (IT) Industry, with the mediating role of psychological safety (PS). As the information technology industry experiences continuous innovation and is associated with a high-pressure work environment, aligning the organizational needs with the employee's needs is critical to ensure organizational success. Employees with higher RL needs satisfaction will exhibit positive commitment and higher engagement, contributing to the long-term productivity and success of the organisation. This study examines the extent to which PS, indicating a safe environment promoting transparent communication, sharing ideas and engaging in collaborative decision-making without the fear of negative consequences, mediates the relationship between RL and EE. To test the study's hypothesis, AMOS, Smart-PLS, and structural equation modeling were used to analyse data collected from 304 employees working across companies in Bengaluru's Information Technology (IT) industry. Our findings suggest that having a stronger RL boosts EE through the mediating role of PS characterised by trustworthiness, a sense of safety and fairness at the workplace. The results suggest that fostering higher RL and ensuring a strong PS is vital for sustained EE and reducing turnover intention. This study offers valuable insights into the Information technology (IT) companies intending to boost workforce engagement in a highly pressured work environment. 2025 The Authors -
Navigating the Rapid: Organizational Change and Adaptation in the 21st Century
In an era defined by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA), organisational change is no longer episodicit is a continuous necessity. This chapter explores how organisations can navigate constant change in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world. It examines key drivers of change technological, demographic, environmental, and socio- political and integrates classical and contemporary theories, including Lewins model, Kotters framework, and sensemaking. Emphasis is placed on strategic foresight, organisational agility, innovation culture and role of neuroplasticity in change implementation. Real- world case studies (e.g., Microsoft, Patagonia, GM) demonstrate practical applications from organisational and neuroplasticity perspective. The chapter highlights the importance of adaptive resilience, aligning formal and informal systems, empowering middle managers, and fostering psychological safety to enable sustainable transformation and continuous learning in rapidly evolving environments. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
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Sustainable tourism development through community based waste management in backwater destinations of kerala
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, (2002) solid waste newlinemanagement is a great challenge in many tourist destinations because improperly managed solid waste can threaten the environment as well as the life of the local community. Sewage waste and plastic material from tourism houseboats are increasing the pollution in the backwaters of south Kerala. These days it is not completely proper for touristic activities because of their physical and morphological attributes. This can lead to unsustainable negative impact on the backwater (Iskander and El 2014).Therefore this study was seeking to understand the influence of community based waste management towards the sustainable tourism development in the backwaters of south Kerala. The research adopted a descriptive research design. The study consists of three newlinecategories of stakeholders. Public sector, Private sector, and Local community. Public Sector stakeholders include Hotel Officials, Resorts officials and houseboat officials. Private sector stakeholder includes the government representative of concerned backwater destination. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), SEM Modelling are the various statistical techniques used in this study. Cross-case analysis was used to analyse newlinethe qualitative aspects of the research study. This study also develops and test a community based waste management model for newlinesustainable tourism development and considered the influence of factors on community support, community involvement, perceived benefits and perceived cost. The structural model indicates that increasing perceived benefits and decreasing perceived cost from backwater tourism would help to enhance community involvement and support for newlinesustainable tourism development in the backwaters of south Kerala. -
A Comparative Study on IOT Security Using Machine Learning Techniques
This increased reliance on networks has made the security of IoT devices a highly burning issue. Among the sea of threats, the threats associated with DDoS attacks are at a high level since they do damage to the functionality of devices and unavailability of networks. Detection and mitigation of DDoS attacks will demand IoT environments based on powerful classification algorithms. This paper evaluates the performances of three prominent algorithms: Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Histogram-Based Gradient Boosting for the classification of DDoS attack traffic within IoT networks. An IoT-23 dataset comprising a subset of attacks, including DDoS, is used herein for the purpose of achieving high classification accuracy to ensure a reliable evaluation of attacks. The results clearly show that all three algorithms are pretty good in terms of detection performance, and Histogram-Based Gradient Boosting is the best in terms of generalization accuracy. These results open new perspectives for the implementation of machine learning, generally, and Histogram-Based Gradient Boosting, specifically, directed to improving security in IoT networks against DDoS attacks, which is an extremely promising result when working within the light of some insights for future research and development within this critical area of security. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026. -
Behavioral Biases as Drivers of Complexity in Stock Markets: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach
By modeling financial systems as Complex Adaptive Systems, this study investigates how behavioral biases influence emergent complexity in stock markets. The study integrates heterogeneous agents, such as rational traders, herding agents, overconfident traders, and anchoring/disposition-driven investors, within a Limit Order Book framework calibrated to both U.S. and Indian market conditions using an Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) approach implemented through the high-fidelity ABIDES simulation environment. Price dynamics, volatility patterns, and liquidity structures were analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation experiments with different behavioral compositions. The results show that behavioral biases cause nonlinear price reactions, produce heavy-tailed return distributions that distort order-book complexity, and greatly increase volatility. The market shifts from a stable, rational regime to a highly volatile, complex regime characterized by contagion and fragile liquidity as the proportion of biased actors rises. Overall, the findings show that the complexity and systemic instability of emerging markets are primarily driven by behavioral heterogeneity. 2026 Binghamton University Libraries. All rights reserved. -
Modelling Complex Psychological and Behavioral Dynamics: Analyzing Perception and Psychological Ownership in Gen Z's Re-subscription Intentions towards OTT Platforms
This study explores the complex dynamics between perception, psychological ownership, and re-subscription intentions among Gen Z users of OTT platforms, specifically examining how perceived benefits and perceived drawbacks shape user behavior and investigating the moderating role of psychological ownership in this context. The research focuses on a sample of Gen Z users from India who actively engage with OTT platforms, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire comprising three sections; a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied to analyze the data obtained from 304 valid responses. The analysis reveals that perceived benefits significantly enhance Gen Z's resubscription intentions, while perceived drawbacks have a negative impact; moreover, the study highlights that psychological ownership moderates the influence of perceived drawbacks, mitigating their adverse effect on resubscription intentions. Although the study is limited to Gen Z users in India and focuses on a specific set of independent constructs, future research could expand this scope by incorporating other generational cohorts and a broader range of influencing factors to deepen the understanding of user behavior in diverse contexts. This research contributes to the broader literature on consumer behavior in the digital landscape by modeling the interaction between psychological and perceptual factors within a complex system, providing empirical evidence on the moderating role of psychological ownership and emphasizing the importance of these dynamics in designing effective engagement strategies for OTT platforms. Insights from this study underscore the significance of enhancing user perception factors to boost re-subscription rates, and industry practitioners are encouraged to focus on delivering personalized and memorable digital experiences to strengthen psychological ownership and minimize perceived drawbacks. The study also highlights practical strategies for OTT platforms, such as developing high-quality content, intuitive interfaces, and fostering a sense of community and ownership among users, with a focus on addressing perceived drawbacks and enhancing the social value of these platforms as crucial measures for retaining Gen Z users. As one of the first studies to employ complex systems modeling techniques to understand the interplay between perception factors and psychological ownership in influencing re-subscription intentions among Gen Z OTT users, the findings offer valuable insights for the online service industry to refine their service delivery and user engagement strategies. 2025, Binghamton University Libraries. All rights reserved. -
Quantum-Driven Digital Forensics: Evidence Acquisition, Intrusion Detection, Cybercrime Simulation, andDNA Profiling
Quantum computing introduces a new paradigm in digital forensics by enabling faster cryptographic analysis, enhanced machine learning, and secure data acquisition. This research examines the potential to apply quantum computing to forensics and how it can be used to transform the field through its disruptive capabilities in the evidence collection process, detection of intrusions, modeling of cybercrime, and DNA analysis. It also underrates the dangers that quantum technologies bring to the data security and the urgency of post-quantum encryption technologies. The article presents a blueprint of quantum-driven forensic investigation of the near future by conducting a survey of recent advances and new applications. We combine theory and practice by using datasets such as NSL-KDD, Qiskit simulations, and diagrams of how quantum machine learning models, DNA profiling and intrusion detection systems are used. Pattern matching in the DNA profiling algorithm with quantum computing is determined to have a time complexity of O(n) in the application of the Grover algorithm and O(n) of the corresponding classical algorithm. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.