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Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Textile Applications
In today's consumer-driven market, textiles are valued not only for their aesthetic appeal but also for their functional protection properties. The use of nanoparticles for specialty finishing has emerged as a promising area in textile processing and engineering. Among these nanoparticles, inorganic metal and metal oxides are particularly significant due to their large surface area and high surface energy, allowing them to impart multifunctional properties to textiles. Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Textile Applications serves as a comprehensive guide, offering authors a profound understanding of the application of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on textiles. The content is thoughtfully organized, beginning with the first five chapters providing insights into the introduction of metal nanoparticles, their conventional and advanced synthesis methods, and characterization techniques. Subsequently, the following eight chapters delve into the effects of different metal nanoparticles, such as Ag, Au, Cu, Al, Ti, and others, along with their oxides, on textiles. The final section of the book encompasses chapters covering metal nanocomposites, electrospinning techniques, toxicology considerations, branding applications, and the challenges and future prospects of metal nanoparticles on textiles. This title serves as an invaluable asset to academicians, scholars, researchers, and professionals in the industry. 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
An Intelligent Framework for Evaluating Handwritten Responses: Integrating Bloom's Taxonomy with Adaptive Assessment
Traditional manual grading of descriptive-type answer scripts is inefficient and laborious, while existing technologies rely on strict keyword matching and cosine similarity, which fail to capture the semantic meaning and argumentative quality. This paper proposes a multi-layered intelligent framework for evaluating handwritten descriptive answer scripts by integrating Revised Bloom's Taxonomy with adaptive assessment methods. The system consists of a multi-dimensional evaluation strategy comprising four valuation metrics, namely, content relevance, coherence, depth, and argumentation quality. When compared with conventional methods of keyword matching or computing the cosine similarity, this proposed framework evaluates the semantic meaning and argumentative structure while adapting to varying response styles and contextual differences for personalised assessment. 2025 IEEE. -
A road map on nanostructured surface tuning strategies of carbon fiber paper electrode: Enhanced electrocatalytic applications /
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, Vol.7, Issue 3, ISSN No: 2468-2179.
Impressive characteristics of carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrodes propound greater demand in electrochemical applications. CFP has a network structure composed of interwoven carbon fibers (CFs). The macroporous structure, chemical inertness, high conductivity, low cost, corrosion resistance, good electrical properties, mechanical strength, and self-standing capabilities have led to the large-scale acceptance of CFP. This review appraises the current progress of CFP based electrodes for electrocatalytic applications in the field of electrochemical sensors, electrochemical capacitors, batteries, electro Fenton oxidation, electrooxidation of alcohols, water splitting, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) together with the different fabrication strategies on the CFP substrate in an organized manner. -
Surface tempering of poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) coated carbon fiber paper electrode with spine-like cobalt inorganic phosphate: An efficacious electrochemical metol sensor /
Surfaces and Interfaces, Vol.35, ISSN No: 2468-0230.
N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate (metol) is a photographic developing agent that has a toxic effect on humans and aquatic life. A cost-effective and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed by electrodepositing Co-Pi over poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) coated carbon fiber paper electrode (Co-Pi/PTAA/CFP) for the determination of metol (ML). Surface modification of Co-Pi facilitates superior electrocatalytic performance by offering more active sites and faster electron transport kinetics. The Physico-chemical characterization of the fabricated electrode was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Optical profilometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electroanalytical techniques. -
A Study on Near Proper Coloring of Graphs
An equitable coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring in which the number of vertices in any two color classes are equal or almost equal. In this graph coloring, there is a partition of tasks into subsets which perform at the same time. Equitable coloring play an important role when there is a requirement of dividing a system with binary conand#64258;ict free subsystems with equal or newlinenearly equal elements. The non-availability of sufcient number of colors leads to diand#64256;erent defective coloring problems. An equitable near proper coloring of a graph G is an improper coloring in which the vertex set can be partitioned into k color classes V1, V2, . . . , Vk ; (1 lt k lt and#967;e(G)) such that the number of vertices in any two color classes diand#64256;er by at most one and the resulting monochromatic edges are minimised by restricting the number of color classes that can have adjacency among their own elements. The minimum number of monochromatic newlineedges obtained from an equitable near proper coloring of G is called equitable defective number. This study introduces the notion of equitable near proper coloring of a graph G and investigates the equitable defective number for a few graph classes. In this study, the equitable near proper coloring of various graph classes and derived graphs are discussed, and the corresponding equitable newlinedefective number for any k where 2 and#8804; k and#8804; and#967;e(G) and#8722; 1 is obtained. -
Portrayal of India in western music videos /
The purpose of the study is to find out whether the perception of India in the western music videos are negative or positive. The researcher focuses on the various elements used by the creators of the music videos which depicts India. The songs selected by the researcher are the ones in which India is majorly shown (visuals, clothes, beats, etc.). The researcher conducts a perspective analysis from the point of view of experts from the music and the cultural studies background. -
Nanocellulose from coconut midrib used for antibacterial and electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Midrib of coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a natural source of cellulose, which is renewable and biodegradable. The use of natural cellulose for practical applications exemplifies a sustainable reuse of agricultural waste. This work presents the preparation of nanocellulose from coconut midrib using optimized pretreatment and acid hydrolysis processes. The resulting nanocellulose was characterized through various analyses to confirm the morphology and composition. Nanocellulose thus synthesized was used for preparing cellulose nanopaper. In order to improve the water resistance of the cellulose nanopaper, we used a simple approach of functionalization by impregnating it with chitosan (CS), followed by in situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) in the matrix. The functionalized cellulose nanopaper shows good electrical conductivity and an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 21.92 dB at 10 GHz, which makes it a potential material for EMI shielding applications. In addition, the functionalized cellulose nanopaper exhibits bacterial reductions of 93.47% and 82.79% towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. This work provides a facile and efficient method for the synthesis of nanocellulose from coconut midrib and a useful approach to functionalize cellulose nanopaper. Cellulose nanopapers thus prepared were demonstrated to have applications in EMI shielding and antibacterial coating. 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Polyurethane nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Polyurethane (PU) is composed of polyisocyanate and polyol units joined through urethane linkages. The isocyanate and polyol units constitute different domains in PU, which are, in turn, responsible for its properties such as softness, flexibility, and hardness. Shielding of electromagnetic (EM) radiation is generally attained by reflecting EM waves from the surface, absorbing the signals, or by multiple internal reflections. Pristine PU is not an efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material because of its nonconducting nature. But the EMI shielding can be improved by incorporating conducting polymers into the PU-based nanocomposite. Significant factors that influence the shielding effect of PU nanocomposites are the thickness and conductivity of the film. Features that predominantly influence the EMI shielding performance of nanocomposites are identified as the nanofillers used, the dispersion state, and the interaction between the filler and the polymer. This book chapter attempts to explain the EMI shielding of PU nanocomposites, synthesis of PU-based EMI shielding materials, different nanofillers used along with PU nanocomposites, and their efficiency in EMI shielding. 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Fluorescent nanocellulose derived from Plectranthus barbatus for the selective detection of Pb(ii) ions in aqueous solutions
This study reports the synthesis of fluorescent nanocellulose from Plectranthus barbatus and its effective use as a fluorescent probe for the detection of Pb(ii) ions in aqueous solutions. Nanocellulose, a nanoscale derivative of cellulose, is used in a variety of applications, such as sensing, food packaging, and biomedical applications, owing to its characteristic properties. In sensing applications, it is mostly used as a support or substrate for the sensing probe. Nanocellulose shows intrinsic fluorescence, which can be harnessed for sensing applications. This underexplored research domain holds significant potential for developing sustainable and cost-effective sensing materials. We synthesized nanocellulose from Plectranthus barbatus (PBNC) and employed it as a fluorescent probe for the detection of Pb(ii). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the potential of fluorescent nanocellulose for metal ion detection. The properties of fluorescent nanocellulose, PBNC, were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of the nanocellulose was remarkably quenched in the presence of Pb(ii) ions selectively. The detection limit (LOD) of Pb(ii) using PBNC was found to be 2.7 nM. PBNC is a novel autofluorescent material that functions as an efficient nanosensor for the detection of Pb(ii) ions, and its applications can be extended to bio-imaging and sensing in biological, chemical, and environmental samples. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026. -
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Studies on the Fresh Water Algal Floria in Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary
Algae is a crucial organism in the environment. They help in maintaining the balance among different ecosystems. According to the geography and climatic conditions, newlineKerala has a suitable environment for algal growth. However, the algal biodiversity newlinestudies conducted in Kerala are significantly less. The wildlife sanctuary comprises a newlineconsiderable scope for algal biodiversity. The Chimmony wildlife sanctuary is situated in Mukundapuram taluk of Thrissur district. It spreads over 85.067 km2 with a water spread area of 10.1 km2. Ten different sampling stations were selected across newlinethe wildlife sanctuary, and extensive field visits were conducted to identify and newlinedocument the algae with respect to three seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post- newlinemonsoon). The physicochemical parameters of water like dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, light intensity, and rainfall amount were estimated seasonally. In this present study, a total of 121 taxa belonging to 60 genera, 38 families, 24 orders, and 5 classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenineae, Rhodophyceae, and Cyanophyceae, were identified from 10 different stations. The Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae were the most dominant class in the study area. The algal multiplication will be more in the pre monsoon season and it was observed that the Chlorophyceaen members were dominant, while the Bacillariophyceae were dominant during the post-monsoon season. Cyanophyceae was dominant only during the monsoon season because of its sensitivity toward light. The ANOVA (Two-way) analysis showed no significant difference between stations, and there is a considerable difference between seasons for dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, temperature, and total dissolved solids. While pH, showed no significant difference between seasons and stations, light intensity showed a substantial difference between stations and seasons. The temperature and dissolved oxygen showed a negative correlation. -
Social media as an instrument for political communication: A case study on the Kanhaiya Kumar issue /
Social Media has emerged as an essential tool of communication and has created new ways of political mobilizing and encourage social media users in political activities ranging from joining their political groups by tweeting, status update, expressing supports through blogs and videos on Youtube. Kanhaiya Kumar is the current President of the Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union. He is also a leader of the All India Student Federation (AISF), the student wing of the Communist Party of India (CPI). -
Synthesis and Future Directions on Circular Economy
Stakeholders participation is vital to the success of circular business models, and the investor is perceived as the principal stakeholder. So, it is essential to understand the factors shaping investment behavior in the circular economy. In this context, this study is an initial attempt to explore the factors playing a role in shaping investor behavior. The study explores the role of perception on sustainable investments, awareness of ESG practices, and environmental considerations in shaping investment behavior. The study finds that perception of sustainable investment and awareness of ESG practices have significant effects on sustainable investment behavior. It is seen that digital technologies, including financial technologies, have a huge role in bringing up circular economy efforts. In this context, by building fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence can be an effective tool in determining investor behavior in the hands of corporates. At the same time, from the investors side, building digital financial literacy is required to deal with sustainable investments by upholding independence in decision-making. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Biswadip Basu Mallik, Gunjan Mukherjee, Rahul Kar, and Youqing Fan; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Impact of management - Information - system (MIS) on effective HRM in a business /
Patent Number: 202241006289, Applicant: Dr.K.Santhana Lakshmi.
Impact of Management- Information- System (MIS) on effective HRM in a business Abstract: Human resource management is now recognised as a critical component of business. The human resources department of an ERP system has a transaction processing layer that handles tasks such as attendance tracking and wage calculation. Tracking employees is also a component of operational work. This serves as the jumping-off point for strategic work. With the increasing importance of human resource management and the growing size of businesses, maintaining employee data and producing accurate reports have become critical components of any business's operations and strategy. -
Blockchain abetted supply chain management /
Patent Number: 202241004710, Applicant: Ghanesh Gunaseelan.
The invention block chain abetted'supply chain management comprising, a physical product receiver gets the information by a smart label through accessing a block of a blockchain stored on a computer system, a cold chain requirement for a product, wherein the smart label is associated with a package containing the product, the cold chain requirement ' for the product is stored in the block of the blockchain. -
Silvergraphene composite: a coating on polyethersulfone membrane for superior water purification with antibacterial, catalytic and antifouling properties
Membrane fouling, originating from a diverse range of sources such as organic matter, inorganic particulates, biological agents, and industrial contaminants, continues to pose a significant challenge in water purification processes. This fouling results from complex nonspecific interactions between the membrane surface and foulants, leading to a substantial decline in filtration performance, including reduced permeability, selectivity, and operational lifespan. To address these limitations, there is an urgent need to engineer advanced membranes with integrated antibacterial, catalytic, and antifouling functionalities to enable efficient and sustainable water treatment. In this context, we developed an innovative approach to mitigate membrane fouling of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane by coating with silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This coating imparts exceptional antibacterial efficacy, catalytic dye degradation properties, antifouling performance and remarkable filtration capacity to the PES membrane. The antibacterial assessments conducted against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aures) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria revealed that increasing concentrations of silver in rGO composites resulted in a pronounced inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, with the most significant activity observed for membranes with higher silver loadings (rGO A500). Moreover, catalytic studies performed on the rGO A500 membrane emphasize the degradation of Congo Red, Methyl-Orange, and as well as the conversion of Nitrophenol to Aminophenol, occurring within 46min, 25min, and 23min, respectively. Furthermore, the rGO A500 membrane exhibits notable antifouling properties, evidenced by a flux recovery ratio of 98% and a minimal irreversible fouling ratio of 1.7% during Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein filtration. Additionally, the composite membrane demonstrates an impressive water flux of 50 L m?2h?1 along with dye rejection efficiency of 92% for Congo Red, 86% for Rhodamine-B, and 81% for Methylene Blue. Overall, the findings underscore the multifunctional performance of the rGO A500 composite membrane, showcasing its antibacterial, catalytic and antifouling capabilities, and positioning it as a robust and practical solution for next-generation wastewater treatment technologies. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Organic and Inorganic compunds anchored graphene frameworks as materials for sensor and supercapacitor applications
The specific atoms or group of atoms that can attach to the other organic or inorganic newlinecompounds due to the strong affinity is called as the anchoring group. The electrons newlinefrom these organic and inorganic compounds are potent to travel through the anchor newlinegroup. This leads to specific features with the change in the arrangement of atoms in newlinethe entire molecule/system. Hence, the redox reaction properties, molecular chain newlinelength and the extent of conjugation of the resultant anchored product vary. Depending upon the binding nature, anchoring groups can be divided into monodentate, bidentate, and multidentate. Among these, multidentate anchoring groups are more significant since it can bind either partially to the molecules or with the whole surface. Though many multidentate anchoring groups like fullerene, carbon nanotubes, polymers, calixarenes, and graphene are presented in the literature, newlinegraphene oxide anchored organic and inorganic compounds are important because of its amazing contributions to the material science and design. The high thermal and electrical conductivity, large surface area, mechanical strength, and availability of more mobile electrons make graphene as the suitable anchor group for diverse applications in the field of adsorption of polluted gases, catalyst for the organic conversions, medicinal chemistry, electrochemical sensing, and energy storage devices. Therefore, Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the good choices to develop supercapacitance systems and electrochemical sensing materials. Heteroatom doping, conducting polymer, metal complexes, and metal oxides anchored graphene oxide are more significant because they change the electroactive properties significantly. Considering these, we studied the photophysical and electrochemical properties of chromium complex anchored GO synthesised by silane and diazonium coupling. -
Organic and inorganic compounds anchored graphene frameworks as materials for sensor and supercapacitor applications
The specific atoms or group of atoms that can attach to the other organic or inorganic compounds due to the strong affinity is called as the anchoring group. The electrons from these organic and inorganic compounds are potent to travel through the anchor group. This leads to specific features with the change in the arrangement of atoms in the entire molecule/system. Hence, the redox reaction properties, molecular chain length and the extent of conjugation of the resultant anchored product vary. Depending upon the binding nature, anchoring groups can be divided into monodentate, bidentate, and multidentate. Among these, multidentate anchoring groups are more significant since it can bind either partially to the molecules or withthe whole surface. Though many multidentate anchoring groups like fullerene, carbon nanotubes, polymers, calixarenes, and graphene are presented in the literature, graphene oxide anchored organic and inorganic compounds are important because of its amazing contributions to the material science and design. The high thermal and electrical conductivity, large surface area, mechanical strength, and availability of more mobile electrons make graphene as the suitable anchor group for diverse applications in the field of adsorption of polluted gases, catalyst for the organic conversions, medicinal chemistry, electrochemical sensing, and energy storage devices. Therefore, Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the good choices to develop supercapacitance systems and electrochemical sensing materials. Heteroatom doping, conducting polymer, metal complexes, and metal oxides anchored graphene oxide are more significant because they change the electroactive properties significantly. Considering these, we studied the photophysical and electrochemical properties of chromium complex anchored GO synthesised by silane and diazonium coupling. The results exhibited that both silane functionalized GO and azo dye enable an electronic interaction due to the recombination of sp2 and sp3 states and electron-hole pairs which have extensive importance in developing optoelectronic devices. -
Arecanut organic residue-enhanced polymer films: An efficient catalyst for amidation reactions
This research introduces an innovative approach to repurpose agricultural by-products as catalysts in chemical synthesis, addressing waste disposal challenges. Composite films were developed using arecanut organic residue, an underexploited by-product, blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan. The films were synthesized through solvent casting and thermal curing, with experimental parameters systematically optimized. Physicochemical characterization confirmed successful integration of components and revealed structural properties. The catalytic efficiency of the films was evaluated in amide synthesis, a key reaction in pharmaceuticals. A blend of 1.5 g PVA, 0.3 g chitosan, and 1 mL arecanut residue achieved a 95 % yield in ester-amine reactions, attributed to synergistic interactions between the polymer matrix and reactive sites. The films exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining catalytic efficiency over three cycles. This study highlights the potential of arecanut residue-based composites as sustainable, efficient catalysts for industrially relevant transformations. 2025 Korean Physical Society