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DIGITIZATION AS A TOOL FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE BUILT HERITAGES: A DISTANT DREAM OR AN EXISTING REALITY?
The idea of built heritage is as old as human civilization, and its objective stretches far beyond our understanding of the past. These built heritages as artifacts express humanitys history, diverse cultures, skills, and experiences exchanged and shared across generations. They provide specific characteristics for places, making them the material manifestation of social, economic, political, territorial, and environmental values. Unfortunately, natural and man-made disasters have been posing repetitive threats to the sustainability of these built heritages. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in and calls for the conservation and protection of these built heritages. As we have ushered in the era of technical advancements, the world is abuzz with the word digitization. The continual adaptation of digital technologies in various spheres of life and the growing popularity of digital devices have revolutionized consumption patterns in recent times. Conse quently, the use of digital technologies to conserve and promote monuments has gained prevalence in various parts of the West. Further, in recent times, this trend seems to be catching on in developing countries like India as well. However, given the novelty of the concept, the adoption and accep tance of the concept of digitized monuments are still surrounded by many unanswered questions. The study aims to reveal the opinions of the tourists visiting the various built heritage sites and understand their experiences with digital heritage and its influence on the tourist experience while visiting a built heritage monument. The chapter also tries to dive deep into their thoughts and understanding of the influence of digitization in promoting sustainable consumption. In an attempt to achieve the aforementioned objective of the study, the data would be collected from the urban populace of India. A qualitative approach has been adopted to conduct the study, and semi-structured inter view forms consisting of open-ended questions have been used to collect the data. MAXQDA software would be employed to analyze the responses collected and draw conclusions from the data collected. The study intends to bring out the opinion of tourists in regard to the digitization of built heritage in India. As the trend of digitization of built heritage is still in its nascent stage in India, only a few heritage monuments have been digitized in recent times. 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
Digitization and smart tourism: Technological opportunities for luxury tourism and destination image
Commitment to technology, sustainability, innovation, and accessibility has not only improved the quality of life but has also created a niche for luxury tourism with smart tourism eco-space. Smart tourism destinations (STD) need vigorous, well-connected stakeholders with the help of a technological platform for data exchange. Instant data exchange creates extremely large data sets known as big data. This chapter aims to contribute to the understanding on how smart tourism destinations could potentially enhance luxury tourism that is more personalized to meet visitors' unique needs and preferences. Developing smart tourism destinations can be an effective mode to engage all the stakeholders and tourists. In improving destination performance, smart tourism ecosystem applies social media analytics and smart tourism technologies. This chapter aims to relate local area as smart tourism local service systems (S-TLSS) and luxury tourism. 2021 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Digitalizing Sustainable Trade Corridors: A Multi-Layered Big Data Analytics Framework for Green Trade Reform
The contemporary period of rapid digital transformation has resulted in global trading routes changing from using physical means to intelligent ecosystems. One of the main ideas of this chapter is the conceptual framework that combines the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Analytics (BDA) to totally change the customs procedures as well as the supply chain management. However, the use of technology has only been applied in some parts of the cross- border trade sector which has created information silos and caused slow operations. This research is dedicated to showing the advantages of coupling the instantaneous IoT sensor data with powerful BDA workflows in risk reduction, and- increased transparency, and even promoting regional integration. The chapter offers a practical guide for policymakers and logistics professionals who want to connect the technical aspect of digital customs reforms with the ethical and sustainable implementation. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Digitalization of Online Classes Among Higher Secondary Students in the Emerging Shift of Post Covid-19 (Second Wave)
The second wave of COVID-19 in India has left higher secondary school students befuddled, unhappy, and unsure about their future. During the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic, a number of factors influence the effectiveness of online learning. Hence, the main objective of this research paper is focused on understanding the factors influencing online learning among higher secondary students. Researchers identified variables such as attitude, tools and technology, and quality of teaching and social support through extensive literature review. The research study adopted snowball sampling technique and used a survey-based online questionnaire for collecting the data; responses were obtained from 394 respondents from the state of Kerala in India. PLS-SEM was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that quality of teaching is the only factor that impacts the effectiveness of online classes among higher secondary students. Attitude, technology and tools, and social support are observed to have insignificant impact on online learning effectiveness. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Digitalization and Human Rights: Navigating through Ethical and Legal Concerns
Digitalization became popular with the digital revolution of the late 20th century, propelling the shift from mechanical and analog electronic technology to digital electronics. It significantly contributed to all fields of human interactions, ensuring sustainable development, human well-being, and societal welfare. The latest innovations and constant changes in the technological world have broadened the scope of digitalization. Along withthe many advantages, digitalization poses some particular challenges to global society. Although these complexities can be attributed to system failures, they are primarily due to the misuse of digital technologies. Some people fraudulently use digitalization to satisfy their egoistic and profit-oriented motives, neglecting the fundamental claims of others. This shows that ethical principles and legal standards have not been adequately respected in the digital space. From this perspective, this chapter, using the critical analytical method, examines the required ethical and legal concerns to protect human rights in the digital space. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Digital well-being and internet addiction across the lifespan
This chapter explores the pervasive influence of digital technologies across generations, focusing on the critical issues of digital well- being and internet addiction. It highlights how these challenges manifest differently across life stages, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions to promote healthy digital habits. The chapter also introduces the multidimensional addiction behaviour scale (MABS), a comprehensive tool for assessing addiction, particularly in the digital realm. By evaluating psychological, biological, social, and cognitive factors, MABS aids in early detection, intervention, and prevention of problematic behaviors. The chapter underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and ongoing research to understand and address the long- term impacts of digital technology on well- being. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Digital Watermarking Techniques for Secure Image Distribution
In the contemporary era of digital advancements, it is of utmost importance to prioritize the establishment of robust security measures and traceability protocols for photos. This necessity arises from the inherent risk associated with the effortless diffusion of unlicensed information. Digital watermarking, which implants hidden data into digital photographs to verify their validity, is frequently used. This level emphasizes the need of safe photo distribution, digital platform problems, and unauthorized reproductions. The purpose of this research is to explain digital watermarking fundamentals. It emphasizes verification, IP protection, and digital watermarking monitoring. This research compares spatial and frequency domain watermarking approaches. Direct pixel manipulation in spatial domain techniques is vulnerable to attacks. Integrating watermarks with transform domains like Discrete Cosine Transform improves robustness in frequency domain techniques. The study also studies adaptive watermarking, which adjusts the watermark to the image's content to balance visibility and durability. The purpose of this research is to explore watermark identification methods. These methods use blind and non-blind watermarking. We discuss the security risks that might compromise watermarked photographs and the ways to reduce their likelihood. 2024 IEEE. -
Digital Water Dynamics: Analyzing VA Tech Wabag's Influence on India's Water Technology Landscape
This research delves into the transformative role of VA Tech Wabag in India's water technology landscape, amid the burgeoning challenges of water scarcity, pollution, and infrastructure inadequacies. Leveraging a comprehensive review of literature and fundamental analysis, the study underscores the global shift towards digitalization and sustainability in water management, situating VA Tech Wabag's initiatives at the forefront of this paradigm shift. Through innovative digital water solutions and large-scale infrastructure projects, the company has markedly enhanced water quality and availability across diverse urban and rural settings, underpinning its financial resilience and growth trajectory despite regulatory and fiscal hurdles. The discussion extrapolates the implications of these technological advancements, highlighting the company's commitment to environmental stewardship, community engagement, and the imperative for continuous innovation within a dynamic industry landscape. Conclusively, the paper affirms VA Tech Wabag's pivotal contributions to water security and resilience, advocating for future research on the scalability of digital water technologies and their long-term impacts on resource management. This study, enriched with specific data points and analyses, aims to offer a well-substantiated overview of VA Tech Wabag's influence on shaping a sustainable and efficient water technology ecosystem in India. 2024 IEEE. -
Digital twins' readiness anditsimpacts on supply chaintransparency andsustainable performance
Purpose: Production systems occupy geographically dispersed organizations with limited visibility and transparency. Such limitations create operational inefficiencies across the Supply Chain (SC). Recently, researchers have started exploring applications of Digital Twins Technology (DTT) to improve SC operations. In this context, there is a need to provide comprehensive theoretical knowledge and frameworks to help stakeholders understand the adoption of DTT. This study aims to fulfill the research gap by empirically investigating DTT readiness to enable transparency in SC. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive literature survey was conducted to develop a theoretical model related to Supply Chain Transparency (SCT) and DTT readiness. Then, a questionnaire was developed based on the proposed theoretical model, and data was collected from Indian manufacturers. The data was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural EquationModelling (SEM) to confirm the proposed relationships. Findings: The findings from the study confirmed a positive relationship between DTT implementation and SCT. This study reported that data readiness, perceived values and benefits of DTT, and organizational readiness and leadership support influence DTT readiness and further lead to SCT. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature and knowledge by uniquely mapping and validating various interactions between DTT readiness and sustainable SC performance. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Digital Twins for predictive maintenance of Production and Machines: A Comprehensive Review
Digital Twin (DT) technology has matured from concept to practice across factories and critical assets, enabling new capabilities in condition-based and predictive maintenance, resilient production planning, and life-cycle decision-making. This review synthesizes current knowledge on DT usage for production and predictive machine maintenance, with concise notes on structural maintenance where SHM (structural health monitoring) increasingly adopts twin concepts. We first consolidate enabling architectures (standards, ontologies, F?FMI-based co-simulation, and hybrid modelling) and then critically survey applications spanning CNC cutting tools, bearings and gearboxes, robotic cells, and production lines. We highlight evidence that hybrid (physics + data-driven) twins reduce remaining useful life (RUL) prediction error compared to single-strategy approaches, improve energy-aware scheduling, and shorten diagnosis-to-action loops. Industrial deployments demonstrate up to 20-30% reduction in unplanned downtime when DT-enabled predictive maintenance is integrated into operational workflows Finally, we surface open challenges - data governance, model validation, uncertainty quantification, interoperability, and work-force adoption - and propose a practical roadmap to make DT predictive maintenance projects production-ready. 2025 IEEE. -
Digital Twinning of an Electric Two-Wheeler for Real-Time Battery State Estimation and Augmented Reality Visualization
This paper describes the design and structure of a digital twin system for an electric two-wheeler. It enables real-time battery state estimation and augmented reality visualization. Using digital twin technology, the system improves battery monitoring, rider experience, and operational efficiency through real-time simulation and optimization. The structure includes a physical sensing layer, an ESP32-based processing unit, cloud-based data management using ThingSpeak, and an AR front-end. It tackles key challenges in estimating the state of LiFePO4 batteries, such as voltage plateau behavior, temperature sensitivity, and accuracy of algorithms. The system also considers the limits of microcontroller-based sensing and data interfacing, ensuring reliable performance in real-time. 2025 IEEE. -
DIGITAL TWINBASED INTELLIGENT MONITORING OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS USING EXPLAINABLE AI
Industrial systems increasingly rely on Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) sensors for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance. However, most existing digital twinbased monitoring solutions depend on static or black-box machine learning models, limiting interpretability, operator trust, and safe deployment in safety-critical environments. In response to these challenges, the author develops the Adaptive Hybrid Digital Twin with Causality-Aware Explainable Artificial Intelligence (HADT-C-XAI) framework to offer transparency and intelligence in industrial monitoring. The framework describes three integrated layers: (i) acquisition of real-time sensors, (ii) continually synchronized hybrid digital twin modeling, which is the integration of physics and data hybrid modeling and (iii) an intelligent analysis layer where LSTM-based anomaly detection is ungraded with explainable feature attribution. A closed-loop learning mechanism updates the model dynamically to adapt to operational drift while generating interpretable fault causes for operator decision support. Experiments were conducted on a multi-sensor industrial testbed containing 120 hours of vibration, temperature, acoustic, and rotational data. The implemented system shows a 94.8% detection accuracy, 95.4% recall, and a 4.1% low false alarm rate, which surpasses standard LSTM (88.5%) and threshold-based monitoring (82.9%). With edge-level inference, detection latency has been reduced to 26-30 ms, which allows for real-time deployment. Results demonstrate that integrating adaptive digital twins with explainable AI improves reliability, transparency, and fault diagnosis while maintaining computational efficiency. The proposed framework provides a scalable and trustworthy solution for predictive maintenance, Industry 4.0 applications, and cyberphysical system monitoring. 2025, Technical institute of Bijeljina. All rights reserved. -
Digital twin technologies for automated vehicles in smart healthcare systems
The idea of being comfortable seems appealing to a vast majority of people, from the start humans were always dependent on something. First the tools were invented and with the help of the tools, amazing things were built. From the invention of the wheel to the steam-powered machines and now the introduction of electronic automation, digitization and making intelligent production processes is the need for todays industry. Industry 4.0 is now the standard by which businesses must measure their progress. It enables businesses to reinvent themselves. Manufacturing systems go beyond simple connections here, communicating, analyzing, and using data to drive more intelligent activities. It combines Internet of Things (IoT), analytics, additive manufacturing, robots, artificial intelligence, sophisticated materials, and augmented reality. The autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the applications of Industry 4.0. AVs can make passenger transfers more efficient. Furthermore, smart sensors, when combined with cognitive computing and IoT, portray an AV as a cyber-physical system where data from all relevant viewpoints is closely monitored and synced between physical devices and the cyber computational realm. By utilizing sophisticated information analytics, AVs will be able to work more effectively, collaboratively, and resiliently. As a result, AVs might be able to work with Industry 4.0 systems. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Digital Transformation Initiatives for Enhancing Customer Experience in OTT Video Platforms
The rise of Over-the-Top (OTT) video platforms has transformed the way users access and interact with video content. With growing competition, it is crucial for OTT providers to improve customer experience. This chapter integrates digital transformation initiatives tailored to OTT video platforms to enhance the customer experience in the agile market. The growth of OTT video platforms depends on their ability to formulate digital transformation strategies to enhance customer experience. The key digital transformation initiatives implemented by OTT platforms to enhance the customer experience are personalisation, content curation, social media interactivity, user interface optimisation, community building, technological innovation, optimisation of monetisation plans, multi-device integration, interactive initiatives, and customer support. This chapter highlights the importance of digital transformation initiatives for meeting consumers evolving preferences and demands. This chapter offers actionable guidelines for OTT video platforms seeking to thrive in a dynamic digital landscape. 2025, IGI Global. -
Digital Transformation in Response to Health Crises
Digital transformation has emerged as a pivotal force in healthcare, particularly during health crises like the COVID- 19 pandemic. As traditional systems faced unprecedented challenges, the rapid adoption of digital solutions became essential for ensuring patient care continuity and safety. Telemedicine surged, enabling remote consultations and reducing the burden on healthcare facilities. Electronic health records (EHRs) were optimized for better data sharing, facilitating coordinated responses among care teams. Wearable health technology gained traction, empowering individuals to monitor their health in real- time. Furthermore, data analytics and AI played crucial roles in predicting outbreaks and personalizing treatment plans. The shift towards a more digital- first approach not only addressed immediate needs but also laid the groundwork for a more resilient healthcare system. Stakeholders now recognize that embracing technology is critical for future- proofing healthcare against potential crises, enhancing overall healthcare delivery, and improving patient outcomes. Copyright 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Digital Transformation in Higher Education: Impact of Instructor Training on Class Effectiveness During COVID-19
Digital technology is transforming society and business like never before. Digital technology has made inroads into all sections of society, especially with the pandemic restricting interaction and movement in the physical space. Education systems and institutions have witnessed a drastic change in their pedagogy. Education institutions adopting digital technologies can become drivers of growth and development for their ecosystems bringing significant changes in education, engagement, and management of class activities of educational institutions. The education system will have to adapt and evolve to take advantage of the new technologies and tools and develop strategies to play an active role in the digital transformation process. In the wake of the COVID-19 situation, higher education institutions have adopted digital platforms for teaching and learning. The study attempts to understand the instructors/academician/teachers training process adopted by selected higher education institutions in India to facilitate migration to digital platforms. Further, the study analyses the challenges faced in the new normal of education and the levels of training process initiated by institutions for teaching faculty. The authors have tried to analyse how this has enabled instructors to meet the challenges of conducting online classes and increase class effectiveness. The study unfolded the impact of high-level institutional training on class effectiveness and how individual digital preparedness is essential in engaging virtual classrooms. Further, the positive impact of training in reducing anxiety in engaging online sessions and the extent of motivation to continue online teaching as it has become inevitable with the second wave of the pandemic were examined across age and gender. An attempt is made to suggest few strategies for continued effective online class engagement as India battles through the second wave of the pandemic. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Digital transformation in clinical legal education, virtual law clinics, and access to justice
Clinical legal education (CLE)promotes skill training and service learning. It provides an opening to comprehend the law and practice through practical training. Access to justice with lawyering skills is the fundamental objective of CLE. Law students can uphold the 'rule of law' and play the leading role in legal services to the needy. Millions of people continue to be denied access to the legal system. The success of the digital transformation in CLE depends on the availability and efficiency of the adoption of advanced technology. The main theme of this chapter is to examine how the law schools approached the mode of CLE amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges faced while delivering services through VLC and examine the various types of online pro bono works. This chapter is designed in both doctrinal and analytical in terms of methodology. It also focuses on the new experiences globally in using IT and the methods that law schools can use through technology to improve access to justice. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Digital transformation for business: Enablers, framework and challenges
Technology has disrupted many industries from the start of Industrialization era to the Industry 4.0 era. There has been an exponential growth in the technological front and people are talking about Industry 5.0. Digital transformation is a critical direction in which organizations will have to move toward in order to succeed in this competitive world. To make a smooth transition, firms must understand the basic building blocks of the digital transformation process and the key areas it touches upon namely customer experience, operational process and dynamic business models. Organizations will also have to identify the enablers of digital transformation which they can work on to smoothen the transformative process. Firms will also need the framework of digital transformation spelling out the roadmap for effective digital transformation. Firms on the urge to go for digital transformation will face numerous challenges in all the stages of implementation namely the initiation phase, the execution phase and the governance phase. A clear understanding of these challenges will help the firms to overcome or mitigate these challenges and be successful in their digital transformation process. 2023 by V. Harish, A. Mansurali and D. Krishnaveni. All rights reserved. -
Digital transformation and sustainability in the age of industry 5.0: A strategic framework for business success
The fusion of digitalization and sustainability drives changes in retail operations during traditional purchases and e-commerce operations thus creating 5IR business models. 5IR establishes human-centered priorities as essential aspects along with automated systems and big databases. Modern e-commerce development has created new market space yet it struggles with serious environmental issues which are coupled with supply chain ethical problems as well as excessive carbon footprint and excessive packaging waste. The analysis studies how digitalization transforms retail operations and e-commerce by introducing sustainability elements in new business models. The segment evaluates the digitalization difficulties linked to data protection and environmental destruction through examination of modern efficiencies which combine organizational performance with social accountability. Analysis of present industrial trends along with case studies delivers business understanding about sustainable digital strategizing for long-term achievement through current market changes. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing.