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Fluorescent detection of Pb2+ pollutant in water samples with the help of Delonix regia leaf-derived CQDs /
Synthetic Metals, Vol.291, ISSN No: 0379-6779.
Heavy metals released from different sources into water bodies are a major concern in the view of environmental protection. Their non-biodegradability and the numerous health hazards add to the issue. Scientists worldwide have emphasized the issue and are trying to resolve it by different means. Among all the methods, the fluorescent method stands out for its simplicity and rapid results. Here, the study focuses on the development of an efficient and sustainable method for the detection of lead in waste-water effluents. Carbon quantum dots (GCDs), a highly non-toxic substance developed from <em>Delonix regia</em> leaves for the purpose via a simple hydrothermal method. -
Surface modulation and structural engineering of graphitic carbon nitride for electrochemical sensing applications /
Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, Vol.12, Issue 5, ISSN No: 2193-8865.
The rediscovery of the old-age material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a 2D conducting polymer, has given rise to a tide of articles exploring its diverse applications. Recently, owing to its excellent physicochemical stability and tunable electronic structure, the material has proven to be an eminent candidate for improving the sensing quality of electrodes. Excellent properties of g-C3N4 such as exposed surface area, metal-free characteristics, and low-cost synthesis have attracted facile and economical designing of sensors for a variety of analyte molecules. Herein, the readers are introduced to the historical development of g-C3N4 and escorted to the present findings of its electrochemical sensing applications. Along with its sensing utilities, the review shares some exciting insights into the synthesis, structural, and surface chemistry modulations of g-C3N4. -
Thinking Beyond Empowerment : Understanding Autonomy in the Context of Kudumbashree
The concepts empowerment, agency and autonomy have gained a wider range of attention in newlinethe developmental research regimes. Amidst the conceptual drift these concepts are used newlineinterchangeably leading to uncertainty and proliferated meanings. The process of newlineempowerment may not always lead to autonomy. Through an ethnography of Kudumbashree, newlinean SHG in the South Indian state of Kerala, the current research focuses on how these women exercise agency to trouble the conventional boundaries between empowerment and autonomy. The transition of agency from the economic to the political domain is a subtle enterprise and is mediated by a number of factors including economic independence, decision making capability, mobility and political participation. Social - economic - political and cultural implications of women empowerment could be the first step in challenging and overcoming the relations of oppression in any society. The stereotypical assumptions can be negotiated by solely apportioning responsibilities and re-engaging with the system through everyday practices. The nuances of empowered women s re-engagement with local power regimes lead newlineto changes at the conceptual level that cuts beyond the individual and group level material transformations. The study figures how autonomy is a mediated process that is both agentic and subversive to the local patriarchal structures. -
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Photoresponse and electrochemical behaviour of azobenzene anchored graphene oxide for energy storage application
Solar energy is considered to be a renewable source of energy that is intrinsically more sustainable than fossil fuels. Developing photoactive hybrid materials to store solar energy has recently received much attention. Herein, a photoactive molecule-graphene oxide hybrid was synthesized and characterized systematically. The solar energy storage performances of the hybrids were studied using various photophysical studies. The energy density and power density of the hybrid materials were 47 WhKg?1 and 156.6 WKg-1 respectively which showed 3 fold higher than the pristine compound. The photoelectrochemical behaviour of the hybrid were also studied using Cyclic voltammetry and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results showed the electrochemical performances can be varied due to their changing conformations from trans-to-cis isomerization. This work enables the research community in developing a promising material for solar thermal fuels as well as in energy storage devices. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Photoresponsive Carbon-Azobenzene Hybrids: A Promising Material for Energy Devices
Advancements in renewable energy technology have been a hot topic in the field of photoresponsive materials for a sustainable community. Organic compounds that function as photoswitches is being researched and developed for use in a variety of energy storage systems. Azobenzene photoswitches can be used to store and release solar energy in solar thermal fuels. This review draws out the significance of azobenzene as photoswitches and its recent advances in solar thermal fuels. The recent developments of nano carbon templated azobenzene, their interactions and the effect of substituents are highlighted. The review also introduces their applications in solar thermal fuels and concludes with the challenges and future scope of the material. The advancements of solar thermal fuels with cost effective and desired optimal properties can be explored by scientists and engineers from different technological backgrounds. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Capacitive Behaviour of Imidazole Azo Modified Carbon Nanotubes/Polypyrrole Composite in Aqueous Electrolytes
Here, we reported imidazole azo (Im) modified carbon nanotubes (CNT) grafted polypyrrole (PPy) via the chemical oxidation method. The synthesized hybrid material has shown a unique structure consisting of carbon nanotubes with a conductive network via polypyrrole. The presence of Im derivatives has helped CNTs to enhance their electrochemical performances. The as synthesized composite was characterized using various techniques like FT-IR, XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The morphological studies were performed using SEM technique which also confirmed the nature of the composite. The electrochemical performances of the electrode material were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in various electrolytes. The best performance of the electrode material was observed in 1 M H2SO4 with a specific capacitance of 305 F g?1 at a current density of 1 A g?1. The electrode material also showed a coulombic efficiency of 96% even after 5000 cycles. 2023 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. -
Azopyridine as a Linker Molecule in Polyaniline-Grafted Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Electronically conducting polymers (ECPs)/carbon nanomaterial-based polyaniline electrodes have received great interest in the field of supercapacitors due to their high specific capacitance, good electronic conductivity, good mechanical strength, good chemical and electrochemical stabilities, etc. Among the various available ECPs, they have received much importance due to their excellent electrochemical performances. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of a PANI-grafted graphene oxide (GO)-azopyridine (Azo) (PANI/GO-Azo) nanocomposite and use it as electrodes for fabricating supercapacitors. The azo units present in the nanocomposite act as a spacer between PANI and GO. The interfacial polymerization method is adopted for the synthesis of PANI/GO-Azo nanocomposites. The PANI/GO-Azo nanocomposite electrode exhibits a gravimetric capacitance of 426 F g-1 at a current density of 0.25 A g-1 in 1 M H2SO4 (aqueous) electrolyte. The electrode possesses good cycling stability of more than 5000 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.5%. An asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated with PANI/GO-Azo as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode delivers an energy density of 12.45 W h kg-1 with a power density of 274.9 W kg-1. This study proclaims that the PANI/GO-Azo nanocomposite electrode is highly promising for next-generation supercapacitors. 2023 American Chemical Society -
Strategically designed multiwalled carbon nanotube/bismuth ferrite/polyaniline nanocomposites and unlocking their potential for advanced supercapacitors
Bismuth ferrite (BF) serves a potential electrode-active material due to its peculiar characteristics such as wide voltage window and high specific capacitance, excellent stability, facile synthesis routes, etc. to name a few. Herein we report the strategic design and facile synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/BF/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites, particularly for application in advanced supercapacitors. The MWCNT/BF/PANI nanocomposite architecture is a strategic design in which the maximum available surface area is utilized for the electrode nanostructure with increased porosity that allows easy movement of electrolyte-ions through it. The uniform arrangement of BF on MWCNTs helps in mitigating the possible agglomeration, further augmenting the surface area for an enhanced charge storage. The strategic layout of PANI on BF-decorated MWCNTs has given a coral-like structure for the nanocomposite electrode which significantly increased the surface area, reduced ion pathways and facilitating better access to electrolytic K+ ions. The MWCNT/BF/PANI nanocomposite electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 3640 F g?1 at a current density of 5 A g?1. The innovative design as well as the synergy between the individual components of the nanocomposite electrode play a pivotal role in attaining the enhanced electrochemical performance. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Conceptual comprehension analysis of a student using soft cosine measure
Knowledge is the substantial wealth of a man and he possesses an innate thirst to acquire it. Knowledge embodies facts or ideas acquired through study, investigation and observation or experience. In this context, technology with its varied techniques comprising endless algorithms in natural language processing (NLP) plays an imperative role in the pursuit of knowledge. Inferences thus gathered are a clear pointer to the content teaching of students. Soft cosine measure algorithm is used in this analysis process to provide an answer regarding the grasping ability of each student with optimum learner participation and creativity. After each lecture, students have to upload their corresponding notes and this in turn would be compared with the teacher's lecture notes. The soft cosine computation gives individual results, on how much each student has comprehended a concept. This new methodology is a much awaited contribution of the educational field. 2022 Author(s). -
One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of MWCNTs/NiS/graphitic carbon nitride as next generation asymmetric supercapacitors
Fabricating new electrode materials with high capacitive properties is crucial in contemporary research. The construction of hybrid supercapacitors developed using transition metal-sulfides and carbonaceous materials provides significant surface area and distinctive charge storage characteristics. In the present work, NH2-multiwalled carbon nanotubes/NiS/g-C3N4 (MNG) hybrid was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method, and pristine g-C3N4 using thermal method. The morphological studies of the hybrid materials show the presence of tube like MWCNTs, sphere-like NiS, and sheet like g-C3N4. The uniform distribution of all the components in the hybrid helps in exhibiting excellent electrochemical performances. The prepared electrode material shows a specific capacitance of 2432 F g?1 at a current density of 4 A g?1. Furthermore, following a series of 10,000 cycling tests, the hybrid ternary composite retains 98 % of its initial capacitance. An asymmetric coin cell of MNG//AC was fabricated with an exceptional energy density of 73.3 Wh kg?1 and a power density of 1599.2 W kg?1. This remarkable rate performance and cycle stability exhibited by the material indicate its potential as a highly efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Hybrid architecture of Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/nickel sulphide/polypyrrole electrodes for supercapacitor
A hybrid electrode structure consisting of amino functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotube, nickel sulphide, and polypyrrole is successfully synthesized using a two-step synthesis such as hydrothermal and in-situ polymerization method. The resulting MWCNT/NiS/PPy composite exhibits a distinct tube-in-tube morphology with excellent stratification. The combination of different components and the unique structure of the composite contribute to its impressive specific capacitance of 1755 F g?1 at 3 A g?1. The prepared ternary composite enables ample exposure of numerous active sites while improving structural stability, ultimately leading to enhanced energy storage capabilities. They do this by combining the advantages of constituent components, a hierarchical assembly approach, and an integrated composite structure. Furthermore, even after undergoing 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, the supercapacitor retains more than 97% of columbic efficiency. An asymmetric coin cell was fabricated using MWCNT/NiS/PPy//AC device which delivered an energy density and power density of 33.12 Wh Kg?1 and 6750 W kg?1 respectively. These findings highlight the exceptional potential of the fabricated device for future applications in hybrid energy storage systems. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Analysis of unsteady flow of blood conveying iron oxide nanoparticles on melting surface due to free convection using Casson model
Iron oxide nanoparticles have great importance in future biomedical applications because of their intrinsic properties, such as low toxicity, colloidal stability, and surface engineering capability. So, blood containing iron oxide nanoparticles are used in biomedical sciences as contrast agents following intravenous administration. The current problem deals with an analysis of the melting heat transfer of blood consisting iron nanoparticles in the existence of free convection. The principal equations of the problem are extremely nonlinear partial differential equations which transmute into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying proper similarity transformations. The acquired similarity equalities are then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta Felhsberg 45th-order method. The results acquired are on the same level with past available results. Some noteworthy findings of the study are: the rate of heat transfer increases as the Casson parameter increases and also found that the temperature of the blood can be controlled by increasing or decreasing the Prandtl number. Hence, we conclude that flow and heat transfer of blood have significant clinical importance during the stages where the blood flow needs to be checked (surgery) and the heat transfer rate must be controlled (therapy). 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
A parallel approach for region-growing segmentation
Image Segmentations play a heavy role in areas such as computer vision and image processing due to its broad usage and immense applications. Because of the large importance of image segmentation a number of algorithms have been proposed and different approaches have been adopted. In this theme I tried to parallelize the image segmentation using a region growing algorithm. The primary goal behind this theme is to enhance performance or speed up the image segmentation on large volume image data sets, i.e. Very high resolution images (VHR). In parliamentary law to get the full advantage of GPU computing, equally spread the workload among the available threads. Threads assigned to individual pixels iteratively merge with adjacent segments and always ensuring the standards that the heterogeneity of image objects should be belittled. An experimental analysis upon different orbital sensor images has made out in order to assess the quality of results. 2015 IEEE. -
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Dynamic Load Scheduling Using Clustering for Increasing Efficiency of Warehouse Order Fulfillment Done Through Pick and Place Bots
The domain of warehouse automation has been picking up due to the vast developments in e-commerce owing to growing demand and the need to improve customer satisfaction. The one crucial component that needs to be integrated into large warehouses is automated pick and place of orders from the storage facility using automated vehicles integrated with a forklift (Pick and Place bots). Even with automation being employed, there is a lot of room for improvement with the current technology being used as the loading of the bots is inefficient and not dynamic. This paper discusses a method to dynamically allocate load between the Pick and Place BOTs in a warehouse during order fulfillment. This dynamic allocation is done using clustering,an unsupervised Machine Learning algorithm. This paper discusses using fuzzy C-means clustering to improve the efficiency of warehouse automation. The discussed algorithm improves the efficiency of order fulfillment significantly and is demonstrated in this paper using multiple simulations to see around 35% reduction in order fulfillment time and around 55% increase in efficiency. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Patient Monitoring System for Elderly Care using AI Robot
The use of robots in numerous industries has expanded in recent decades. Self-guiding robots have started to arise in human life, particularly in sectors pertaining to the lives of old people. Age-related population growth is accelerating globally. As a result, there is a rising need for personal care robots. The purpose of this requirement is to increase opportunities for mobility and support independence. To meet this demand, a robot with specific functionalities to help older people has been designed. The standard values of healthcare parameters are stored in the database by recording and comparing the current values the system will give an alarm and also sends a message to the doctor or caretaker so that a proper care would be given to the patients. We are including a preset distance value to monitor the elder people. Here we are using some sensors to detect the health parameters from the person. Robot have designed to intimate the family members if any changes occur in the health parameters. It helps the people to stay alone in home with safe manner. 2022 IEEE. -
Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Infectious Diseases and Therapeutics
Infectious diseases that are easily transmitted by microorganisms like bacteria, protozoa, fungus, etc. are a menace to humans. The greatest threat to human race is to mitigate the impact of these diseases. People with less immunity and children are prone to these diseases. Even healthy people get infected due to its easy transmission. Microorganisms causing these diseases are becoming more resistant to the drugs that are available in the market. So, there is a need to find new therapeutic which is facile, sensitive, and selective, is an important challenge for the medical field and this is where nanotechnology is having a greater chance. Nanoparticles especially metal-based nanoparticles have the ability to act against infectious and non-infectious diseases, this is because of their unique properties like small size, high surface area, etc. They do not have a specific binding site on the bacterial cell, which lead to the failure of bacterial resistant towards the nanoparticle mechanism. There are many nanoparticles which are efficient against particular diseases. In this review we are discussing about the advanced nanomaterials as therapeutics for infectious diseases. We have also discussed about antiviral activities which gives us a ray of hope for the solution of the SARS-COV-2. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Implementing artificial intelligence agent within connect 4 using unity3d and machine learning concepts
Nowadays, we come across games that have unbelievably realistic graphics that it usually becomes hard to distinguish between reality and the virtual world when we are exposed to a virtual reality gaming console. Implementing the concepts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine-Learning (ML) makes the game self-sustainable and way too intelligent on its own, by making use of self-learning methodologies which can give the user a better gaming experience. The use of AI and ML in games can give a better dimension to the gaming experience in general as the virtual world can behave unpredictably, thus improving the overall stigma of the game. In this paper, we have implemented Connect-4, a multiplayer game, using ML concepts in Unity3D. The machine learning toolkit ML-Agents, which depends on Reinforcement Learning (RL) technique, is provided using Unity3D. This toolkit is used for training the game agent which can distinguish its good moves and mistakes while training, so that the agent will not go for same mistakes over and over during actual game with human player. With this paper, authors have increased intelligence of game agent of Connect 4 using Reinforcement Learning, Unity3D and ML-Agents toolkit. BEIESP. -
Study of Bard-Marangoni Convection in a Microfluid with Coriolis Force
The convection of micro-structured fluid particles and the Coriolis force has been investigated in the problem. The eigenvalues are calculated for upper free velocity and adiabatic temperature boundary conditions and lower rigid velocity and isothermal temperature boundary conditions. The analysis is based on solving linear disturbance equations. The impact of different micropolar fluid variables and the Taylor number based on the convection has also been investigated. The study could observe that while the coupling and micropolar heat conduction parameters along with rotational parameters have a stabilizing effect, the couple stress parameter results in a destabilizing effect. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.