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Potential health, environmental implication of microplastics: A review on its detection
Microplastic contamination of terrestrial and aquatic environment has gained immense research attention due to their potential ecotoxicity and biomagnification property when enterer into food chain. Heterogenous nature of microplastics coupled with their ability to combine with other emerging pollutants have increased the severity of this crisis. Existing detection methods often fails to accurately quantify the amount of microplastic components present in environmental and biological samples. Thus, a great deal of research gap always exists in our current understanding about microplastics including the limitations in screening, detection and mitigation. This review work presents a comprehensive out look on the impact of microplastics on both terrestrial and aquatic environment. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion on various microplastic detection techniques recently used for microplastic quantification along with their significance and limitations is summarised in this review. The review also elaborates various physical, chemical and biological methods used for the mitigation of microplastics from environmental samples. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Potential health, environmental implication of microplastics: A review on its detection
Microplastic contamination of terrestrial and aquatic environment has gained immense research attention due to their potential ecotoxicity and biomagnification property when enterer into food chain. Heterogenous nature of microplastics coupled with their ability to combine with other emerging pollutants have increased the severity of this crisis. Existing detection methods often fails to accurately quantify the amount of microplastic components present in environmental and biological samples. Thus, a great deal of research gap always exists in our current understanding about microplastics including the limitations in screening, detection and mitigation. This review work presents a comprehensive out look on the impact of microplastics on both terrestrial and aquatic environment. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion on various microplastic detection techniques recently used for microplastic quantification along with their significance and limitations is summarised in this review. The review also elaborates various physical, chemical and biological methods used for the mitigation of microplastics from environmental samples. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Potential of banana based cellulose materials for advanced applications: A review on properties and technical challenges
Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and toxicity issues of synthetic polymers have propelled the search for environmentally friendly and non-toxic alternatives. In this context, biobased materials have gained much popularity due to their non-toxic, biodegradable, and sustainable nature. Bananas are considered as one of such natural material which fulfil the requirements to be tailored as a biocompatible biopolymer. Banana derived wastes can be used for extraction of commercially important biopolymers like starch, cellulose, nanocellulose and their subsequent utilization in wide variety of applications. Banana derived biopolymers and their bio composites and widely used for medical applications such as wound healing, fabrication of bone plates, cellulose based gate dielectrics, and capacitors for insulin pumps, and pacemakers. In addition, banana based nanocellulose can be used in tissue engineering, biosensing, drug delivery, bioimaging, wound healing, enzyme immobilization and preparation of tablets for oral administration. Moreover, banana-based polymers can be employed in applications such as food packaging, biofuel production, and production of multilayered papers. Considering the potential applications of banana-based nanomaterials, this review work is framed to understand the process of extraction of starch, cellulose, nanocellulose and biopolymers from banana derived wastes with specific emphasis on their extraction methods and composite preparation methods. In addition, it discusses in detail the promising and potential applications of the derived materials in health and environmental sectors. The presented review is a comprehensive discussion on banana-based waste conversion strategies to produce value added products useful in medical and environmental applications. 2023 The Author(s) -
Potential of insect-based milk moiety from Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Blattodea): Insights as superfood
Diploptera punctata is a viviparous cockroach and secretes a concoction of glycosylated proteins as a basis of nutrition for developing embryos termed as cockroach milk. The milk proteins were identified as the lipocalin-like milk proteins (Lili-Mip) which are present in the brood sac of the gestated female D. punctata. Blotting techniques and RNA transcriptome assays have reported analogous Lili-Mip in the midgut of D. puncta embryos, which proved the ingestion during development inside brood sac. Thermodynamics and kinetic studies augmented the stability of the milk crystals and their controlled release mechanism of sustenance. Gene ontogeny reported the evolution of the ovoviviparous to viviparous due to selective pressures posed during the development stages of the embryos. Molecular simulation modelling studied unveiled the binding efficacies of the milk protein to build strong affiliates to the ligands to form a stable milk protein complex. Ahead of its nutritional benefits, cockroach milk also offers environmental advantages compared to traditional dairy and plant-based milk production. Nevertheless, there are still important hurdles to overcome to include this unconventional superfood as staple in human diets which are also discussed in the review. This review explored the existing molecular, evolutionary and biochemical insights for understanding the phenomena of the production of milk crystals and addressed the research gaps for developing a novel nutrient prospective from insect source. 2024 Korean Society of Applied Entomology -
Potential use of waste foundry sand with lateritic clayey soil in the construction of pavement sub-bases
The current study investigates the potential for use of waste foundry sand (WFS) in highway sub-base construction. Lateritic clayey soil (LCS) and waste foundry sand were combined in different proportions to examine its potential to use as construction material in sub bases. In this research, geotechnical investigation was conducted that is particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, OMC, density, un-soaked and soaked CBR were conducted to evaluate the properties and validity of WFS upon stabilizing with the LCS for usage in construction of sub bases. The study shows that WFS can be effectively used in highway sub-base construction upon stabilizing with the lateritic clayey soils. 2019 SERSC. -
Potential, prospects, and problems of textile tourism in Kerala
Tourism in the textile industry has tremendous potential for future growth and development of local economies and rural communities, building upon the services provided by local governments. This study focuses on Khadi textile business operations, with a particular emphasis on textile-based businesses, and provides visitor perceptions of textile tourism. It discusses the possibilities and challenges in the local textile industry, including the dificulties faced by the weavers in marketing their goods to tourists and exporters. The questionnaire survey applied to 120 visitors from three different khadi shops in Kozhikode, Kerala. According to the study's findings, textile business centres require strategic promotional approaches to boost textile tourism. The major hurdle for weavers and independent producers is a lack of direct access to visitors, as well as access to information controlled by producers, commercial interests, and gallery owners. more in the future to expand the reach of this type of tourism. The potential role that the government and tourism authorities may play an important role in designing policies that may grant this form of tourism increased visibility. 2022, Universidade de Aveiro. All rights reserved. -
Pothole Detection and Powertrain Control for Vehicular Safety
A new era of automotive technology has begun with the rapid advancement of electric vehicles (EVs), which promise efficiency and sustainability. With electric vehicles (EVs) becoming an integrated part of the traction systems, there is a growing need for novel safety and performance-enhancing features. The development of an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system for autonomous powertrain control and pothole detection in electric vehicles is examined in this paper. The paper focuses on integrating an intelligent system that can detect potholes and autonomously regulate the powertrain to improve both the driving experience and safety of electric vehicles. The system makes use of Jetson Nano as the processing unit for regulation of the EV powertrain. This board enables quick and accurate reactions to changing road conditions by facilitating real-time data analysis and decision-making. The powertrain regulation will be performed by controlling the acceleration and braking signal provided to the powertrain. 2024 IEEE. -
Poverty and Social Insecurity Among the Unorganized Workers of Garment Industry: A Qualitative Study through the Lens of Human Security Approach
Poverty and social insecurities cause alarming inequalities. Employment is a secure mechanism to overcome these instabilities. However, formal and informal industrial sectors have insecure employment conditions affecting workers' well-b eing. Inequality is worse in the garment industrial sector as it has more unorganized workers. This is evident in developing countries like India and Bangladesh, which are demanding a human- centered security approach. This chapter explores, using qualitative methodology's semi- structured interview method, poverty and social insecurities of the unorganized garment workers in the Bommanahalli area of Urban Bangalore, India. The chapter also uses empirical study data from the Bangladesh Institute of Labor Studies (2023) to critically evaluate the garment sectors of Bangalore and Bangladesh through the lens of the human security paradigm. The study reveals that the unorganized garment workers of these developing countries face severe poverty and social insecurities. It requires urgent action from both governments using a human security approach. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Poverty Eradication via Sustainable Human Development: A Human Security Approach
Poverty has been one of the major human insecurities throughout history. It became more evident in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution. Though economic growth was suggested as an effective mechanism for poverty eradication, it severely increased inequality together with poverty. Realizing the importance of poverty eradication for human well-being, the United Nations initiated many policies and programs including Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the framework of MDGs, the SDGs was moving towards the achievement of no poverty by 2030. But the Covid-19 pandemic slowed this pace, demanding more earnest effort from the international community. This chapter, in this perspective, using critical analytical method examines the possibility of human security approachs sustainable human development model for the realization of SDG1. The chapter advances human securitys all-inclusive and comprehensive human-centered sustainable development model as an effective mechanism for poverty eradication in the entire globe. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Poverty, globalization, and human security: A policy perspective
Poverty has been an ongoing insecurity to humanity. But it was mostly understood in relation to basic needs, income, and wealth. Bretton Woods Institutions and the World Trade Organization propagated globalization and its interconnectedness as capable mechanisms for poverty eradication. Although globalization takes the credit for alleviating poverty, many authors argue that it was the outcome of the successful welfare policies of China and India. Globalization is criticized for prioritizing the developed world's interests and its multinational and transnational corporations and equating development only with an increase in gross domestic product. However, together with interconnectedness, human insecurities like poverty and inequality also increased. The latest World Bank (2024) and World Inequality Lab (2022) data affirm this precarious situation. This chapter thus examines the feasibility of the United Nations Development Program's human security approach for a successful (national and international) poverty eradication program through its people- centered perspective. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Power and Area Efficient Decimation Filter Architectures of Wireless Receivers
This paper reports on the synthesis and implementation of a digital decimation filter suitable for multi-standard transceivers. Decimation filter architectures used in transceivers must be capable of providing low power and less area. In this paper, three different architecture designs namely Decimation Filter with Conventional MAC Unit, Cascaded Multi-Standard decimation Chain and Hybrid structure are proposed to meet the demand of low power and area efficient digital decimation filter. The filter architectures are implemented using FPGA and its performances are tested. The architectures are tested using conventional number system and with two different encoding schemes of filter coefficients called canonic signed digit and minimum signed digit. The implementation results reflect that considerable reduction in area of 47.9% and power reduction of 28.6% are achieved using hybrid architecture, when compared with conventional MAC and cascaded chain architectures. 2016, The National Academy of Sciences, India. -
Power Consumption Forecasting with AI and IOT
Electricity plays a fundamental and indispensable role in modern society, driving progress, development, and the overall quality of life. Electricity is profoundly ingrained in daily life. It powers homes, providing lighting, heating, cooling, and appliances that support, comfort, and convenience. From cooking meals to powering electronic devices and entertainment systems, electricity is vital for modern living, enhancing our quality of life and enabling various activities. Power forecasting is critical to the effective management and optimization of power generation, consumption, and distribution. Power consumption forecasting has evolved significantly with the introduction of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, make use of the massive amounts of data produced by IoT devices like smart meters and energy monitoring devices. These devices continuously gather real-time data on power consumption, weather conditions, grid performance, and other relevant factors. AI algorithms can find patterns and correlations and provide accurate forecasts and important insights for power forecasting by processing and analyzing data. Machine learning algorithms, such as regression models, neural networks, and ensemble approaches, are trained using historical power consumption data and the features that have been chosen. The models discover the underlying patterns and correlations between input features and power consumption. These forecasts can be used for short-term load balancing, energy procurement planning, demand response management, and optimizing energy distribution. AI and IoT power usage projections give valuable data for decision-making and energy optimization techniques. These projections can be used by energy suppliers, grid operators, building managers, and consumers to plan energy usage, distribute resources efficiently, optimize demand response programs, and discover possibilities for energy saving. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Power Efficient e-Bike with Terrain Adaptive Intelligence
Electric bicycles or e-bikes are gaining momentum in the market as they are offering a smooth, noiseless and pollution free option for individual transportation in cities as well as in countryside. E-bikes are usually with a battery powered electric motor drive with an additional option for pedaling. In this work a low cost e-bike was designed and developed with a brushless DC hub motor with controllers. For smart control, smartphone was used a console and the e-bike can be controlled using a mobile application which was connected to the e-bike through Bluetooth. The controller will pick the gradient of the terrain and will control the power of the motor, which results in energy saving. Predicted range of the e-bike, speed, acceleration and total distance covered were displayed in the console along with the geographical position on the map and throttle control options. The bike with the proposed control tested and the results were giving a reduction in current drawn from the battery. 2019 IEEE. -
Power law coefficient effects on buoyant heat transfer in porous trapezoidal enclosures
The investigation of steady, incompressible, laminar mixed convective fluid flow within two different types of trapezoidal enclosures filled with saturated water and study explores how the power-law index governs buoyancy-driven heat transfer in a porous trapezoidal cavity filled with non-Newtonian fluids. Unlike Newtonian fluids, non-Newtonian fluids exhibit flow behavior that directly depends on the power-law index, which characterizes their shear-dependent viscosity. We formulate the governing equations in terms of the stream function and temperature and solve them using a validated, in-house MATLAB solver. Embedding a porous matrix within a trapezoidal enclosure creates intricate interactions between convective currents and conductive resistance. By performing numerical simulations across a range of Rayleigh numbers (Ra = 102 to 2 103) and boundary conditions, we systematically assess how variations in the power-law index alter local velocity fields, temperature distributions and overall heat-transfer rates. Our results reveal that increasing the power-law index strengthens convective flow and raises the average Nusselt number, whereas decreasing the index shifts the balance toward diffusion-dominated transport. These findings offer practical guidance for enhancing thermal management in industrial systems that employ both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids within porous structures. The study presents new empirical correlations linking Nu, Ra and power law co-efficients offering a practical tool for engineering design. Unlike previous works that focused primarily on Newtonian fluids or simplified geometries, this work provides a detailed analysis of non-Newtonian effects in realistic porous enclosures. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of convective mechanisms in complex therm-ofluid systems and offer guidance for optimizing thermal performance in engineering applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Power law in tails of bourse volatility evidence from India
Inverse cubic law has been an established Econophysics law. However, it has been only carried out on the distribution tails of the log returns of different asset classes (stocks, commodities, etc.). Financial Reynolds number, an Econophysics proxy for bourse volatility has been tested here with Hill estimator to find similar outcome. The Tail exponent or ? ? 3, is found to be well outside the Levy regime (0 < ? < 2). This confirms that asymptotic decay pattern for the cumulative distribution in fat tails following inverse cubic law. Hence, volatility like stock returns also follow inverse cubic law, thus stay way outside the Levy regime. This piece of work finds the volatility proxy (econophysical) to be following asymptotic decay with tail exponent or ? ? 3, or, in simple terms, inverse cubic law. Risk (volatility proxy) and return (log returns) being two inseparable components of quantitative finance have been found to follow the similar law as well. Hence, inverse cubic law truly becomes universal in quantitative finance. Bikramaditya Ghosh, M. C. Krishna, 2019. -
Power Line Communication Parameters in Smart Grid for Different Power Transmission Lines
In an electrical power system smart grid is a network that renewable energy sources along with smart devices. Communication capabilities of the conventional grid can be improved by the inclusion of superior sensing and computing abilities. Device control, remote management, information collection, intelligent power management is achievable by using communication networks. Wired communication technology is used because of its advantages like reliable connection, free from interference, and faster speed. In this paper, the data communication parameters have been analyzed using Power Line Communication (PLC) with various lengths of transmission lines. An orthogonal Frequency Modulation scheme is used to obtain the minimum BER.MATLAB Programming has been carried out and the results have been compared with the standards and found to be satisfactory. 2021 IEEE. -
Power quality disturbance mitigation in grid connected photovoltaic distributed generation with plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
In the last twenty years, electric vehicles have gained significant popularity in domestic transportation. The introduction of fast charging technology forecasts increased the use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicles (PHEVs). Reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) is essential for a distributed power generation system during the electric vehicle (EV) power penetration. This paper develops a combined controller for synchronizing photovoltaic (PV) to the grid and bidirectional power transfer between EVs and the grid. With grid synchronization of PV power generation, this paper uses two control loops. One controls EV battery charging and the other mitigates power quality disturbances. On the grid connected converter, a multicarrier space vector pulse width modulation approach (12-switch, three-phase inverter) is used to mitigate power quality disturbances. A Simulink model for the PV-EV-grid setup has been developed, for evaluating voltage and current THD percentages under linear and non-linear and PHEV load conditions and finding that the THD values are well within the IEEE 519 standards. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Power quality enhancement of renewable energy systems using a hybrid orangutan optimization algorithm and continuous spiking graph neural network with series active power filter
Interconnected renewable energy systems (RES) often experience power quality (PQ) issues, such as harmonics and voltage disturbances. Nevertheless, conventional Series Active Power Filter (SAPF) control schemes have disadvantages, such as slow adaptation and reduced accuracy in a fluctuating renewable environment. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes a hybrid adaptive SAPF-based PQ optimization technique. The proposed method combines the Orangutan Optimization Algorithm (OOA) and Continuous Spiking Graph Neural Network (CSGNN), referred to as the OOA-CSGNN method. Reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD), increase of PQ, and stabilize of voltage profiles in interconnected RES are the goals of the proposed technique. The OOA offers the best SAPF control parameters to maximize convergence and dynamic tracking, and the CSGNN is effective to predict the compensation signals using graph-based spiking computations. The suggested technique is implemented in MATLAB and evaluated against existing approaches, such as the Gorilla Troops Algorithm (GTA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Adaptive Bald Eagle Optimization Algorithm (ABE-OA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed OOA-CSGNN approach achieves a load voltage THD of 0.11% under steady-state operating conditions after SAPF compensation, while maintaining voltage THD well within IEEE-519 limits during transient disturbances such as voltage sag, swell, and dip. These results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed hybrid architecture for PQ optimization in renewable-integrated systems. 2026 Elsevier Ltd -
Power quality improvement strategy for non-linear load in single phase system
Widespread use of non-linear loads in today's world scenario, increased the harmonic current injection into the grid. The harmonic current play a vital role in deteriorating the power quality of the grid. The non-linear loads may be either, single phase or a Three phase loads. In this paper, a control strategy for single phase shunt active filter is discussed, in mitigating the harmonics flowing into the grid. The extraction of reference signal of shunt active filter is designed, using instantaneous reactive power theory. Here load is considered as diode rectifier which is feeding a resistive inductive load. A complete control strategy and analysis is done in MATLAB/Simulink environment. 2016 IEEE. -
Powering Ahead: Navigating Opportunities and Challenges in the Electric Vehicle Revolution
The technology is clearing ways for buzz in the market brimming with innovative items and new prospects. The government has planned to shift to electric vehicles by 2030, whether it is for personal or commercial use. As innovative improvements are developing quickly, it is blasting the market with the EVs industry which expected to transform the future (Rajkumar S, in Indian electric vehicle conundrum: a tale of opportunities amid uncertainties, 2020). Volvo company has also announced that it will be fully electric by 2030 (https://gadgets.ndtv.com, in Volvo to go all electric by 2030, sell exclusively online, 2021). It is expected that EVs will generate more demand for electricity and help in settling the focus on resources problem. It will also help in improving the financial feasibility of power sector projects. In India, there is more dependency on renewable energy so this is a chance to be independent and provide cheap power to the people. The EVs are more economical than petrol or diesel vehicles. The government is also giving incentives to the makers of electric vehicles. GST on electric vehicles is 12% as compared to petrol and diesel vehicles with 28% GST. As per the Electricity Act, 2003, a distribution license is needed to supply power from respective state electricity regulatory commissions. Another challenge is that charging the EVs will lead to a rise in the demand of electricity which is risky for the electricity distribution companies (www.livemint.com, in Indias electric vehicle drive: challenges and opportunities, 2017). Indians are very price conscious. A recent study revealed that Indians are ready to compromise on more charging time, but they are not ready to pay higher price for EVs (Gupta NS, in Electric vehicle adoption in India: study reveals three tipping points, 2020). From Fig.1, it can be seen that in 2014 investment in EVs was $2.2 billion which has increased to $406 billion in 2019 (Shanti S, in The road to green: what makes electric vehicle adoption a challenge for India. 2020). This shows that people are shifting toward EVs. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.