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A study on resonant vibro-acoustography for tissue heating: a pathway towards breast cancer detection
Purpose: Develop a new active thermography method for breast cancer detection. Methods: The computational tissue was excited at its resonant frequency using the vibro-acoustography technique. A nonlinear acoustic wave equation was solved using the finite element method to analyze the propagation of the acoustic wave within the computational phantom. The computational approach included separate calculations for the temperature in the focal region, considering both acoustic absorption and vibration effects. The study was validated through experimental tests using an agar phantom. Results: Depending on the tissues attenuation coefficient, the applied ultrasonic signal generates localized heating in the target area. Malignant breast tissue typically exhibits a higher attenuation coefficient than healthy tissue. Consequently, ultrasonic signals lead to an elevated temperature in such tissue. When a focused ultrasound is applied to heterogeneous tissue for 90 seconds using a dual transducer, the temperature can increase by. In contrast, using the same input power level in healthy tissue causes a temperature increase of only. Enhanced temperature levels achieved through this acoustic method can improve thermal contrast in deeper tumors when thermography is employed. With the application of this acoustic force, it becomes possible to detect a tumor of 3 mm at a depth of 10 mm, whereas, in the absence of this source, such a tumor of this size can only be detected when it is located at a depth of 4 mm. Approximately 22% of the simulated temperature rise from vibrational effects can be attributed to ultrasound forces in resonant modes. The experimental results further validated the simulation results. Conclusion: The suggested resonant vibro-acoustography technique represents an effective approach to increasing thermal contrast between malignant and normal tissue. Significance: This approach can serve as an active thermography method for detecting breast cancer. Since the resonant frequency varies across different stages of the disease and the acoustic attenuation coefficient is higher in affected tissues than in normal ones, this technique can improve thermal contrast through vibration and acoustic absorption. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering 2026. -
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A Study on Restrained Geodetic Domination in Graphs
In a graph G = (V, E), the shortest path between any two vertices u and v in G is u and#8722; v geodesic. This distance concept leads to the introduction of geodetic set and geodetic number which has wide applications in location theory and convexity theory. A vertex subset S of a graph G is said to be a geodetic set, if all vertex in G is in u and#8722; v geodesic for some pair of vertices u and v in S. The minimum cardinality of such a set is the geodetic number and is denoted as g(G). A vertex subset M of a graph G is said to be a dominating set of G if for all vertex v and#8712; V (G), either v and#8712; M or v is adjacent to a vertex in M. The minimum cardinality of such a set is the domination number and is denoted by and#947;(G). In general, the geodetic set and newlinethe dominating set of a graph need not be the same. This led to the study of the geodetic dominating set. If a geodetic set S is a dominating set of a graph G, then S is called a geodetic dominating set. The minimum cardinality of such a set is the geodetic domination number, which is represented by and#947;g(G). There are several studies done on the geodetic and domination concepts so far. In the present study, we have explored the concept of restrained geodetic domination and its structural properties in graphs particularly in product graphs and derived graphs. A vertex subset S of a graph G = (V, E) is called a restrained geodetic dominating set if S is a geodetic dominating set of G and lt V and#8722; S gt has no isolated vertex. The minimum cardinality of such a set is called restrained geodetic domination number, which is denoted by and#947;gr(G). We have studied this concept for diand#64256;erent classes of graphs and concerning the graph operations such as Cartesian product, corona product, and join of graphs. Further, the study is extended to restrained geodetic domination in derived graphs such as edge subdivision graph, line graph and power of a graph. Also, investigated the properties of graphs with the restrained geodetic domination number equal to the order of the graph. -
A Study on Retirement Preparedness of Information Technology and Education Sector Employees in relation to Attitude and Knowledge
Retirement planning is a process of analysing the current financial situation, identifying the future financial need of the person upon retirement, investing on a disciplined basis through appropriate instruments and deriving benefits out of it when the need arises. With changing socio-economic factors, there is a great interest among academicians and practitioners alike, to find answers for inevitable post retirement survival crisis. This study is primarily based on a problem How well prepared are IT and Education sector employees to take up the post retirement financial survival? The objectives of the study are - to know the association between attitude, knowledge and retirement preparedness and whether attitude and knowledge has any relationship with the retirement preparedness. This study is based on primary data collected from 400 respondents (200 IT sector employees and 200 Education sector employees) using questionnaire. This study takes Attitude and Knowledge as independent variables and Retirement preparedness as dependent variable. With the help of statistical tools like Chi-square tests, ANOVA and Canonical Correlation, the association and relationship were tested. This study reveals that Attitude and Knowledge has relationship with retirement preparedness. The result is of great significance for government in policy making, for media and personal financial planners in pro actively influencing investment decisions of investors. -
A Study on Revolution of Healthcare Industry with Transformational Artificial Intelligence Tool
The world is under the turbulence of the transformation from the age-old traditional healthcare systems to contemporary, patient centric and clinicians need based operations. The introduction of Artificial Intelligence in the healthcare industry though besets with a bunch of demerits deserves special mention with respect to its over brewing merits. In contrast with the global standard, India, a developing country has obvious financial and infrastructure specific bottlenecks in bringing the success of the mass implementation of Artificial intelligence in the healthcare operations. However, the genuine and continuous efforts are made in streamlining the critical and stereotyped operations for the benefits of the medical service seeker and also for the competitive survival of medical service provider. The present study focused on the historical development of Artificial Intelligence in healthcare, the reason of its gradual popularity, the application of the tool, some of the notable used cases where the Artificial Intelligence gained its momentum and a host of pros and cons in dealing with it. The study also featured the futuristic intensity of its application of Artificial Intelligence in the healthcare units in India to ease out the pain of availing the emergent medical services without the typical intervention of the medical experts and on the contrary also the administering the hassle-free diagnostic procedures with transparency and smart approach. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
A Study on Robust Feature Selection Methods Using LASSO, LASSO Variants and Ridge Regression in Sports
Regularization tools like Lasso have made a substantial progresses in regression modelling, particularly to high-dimensional data and multicollinear data. Whereas Ridge regression uses L2 regularization to address the problem of multicollinearity, Lasso uses L1 regularization to conduct regression and feature selection together. The weaknesses of Lasso under correlated predictors have inspired the creation of a number of improved variants. The present paper will do a comparative analysis of simple Lasso, Ridge and Lasso extensions like Elastic Net, Adaptive Lasso, Group Lasso and Relaxed Lasso on real-world sports data, with special focus on a new implementation of the improved Relaxed Lasso that involves three optimization strategies: systematic grid search, extended lambda sequences, and nested cross-validation structures. The comparison has been done in terms of feature selection, resistance to outliers, and prediction accuracy on Ice Hockey, Cricket, and NBA data. Various measures of errors are used to analyze models: Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2 ). The results have shown that the Enhanced Relaxed Lasso performs best regarding improvements in performance especially in cricket data and still serves as a competitive data in different sporting scenarios. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026. -
A study on role of cooperative banks in micro-finance with special reference to Karnataka /
The International Journal of Business & Management, Vol.4, Issue 10, pp.9-11, ISSN No: 2321-8916. -
A study on Savings and Investment Patterns of Women in Bangalore
Economic growth of a nation is driven by savings and its transformation into investment. In the last three decades, Indian economy has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies of the world. Households are the biggest contributors to Indias savings rate; their savings equal 23 percent of Indias GDP. Though the percentage of savings by household sector in financial assets is increasing year on year, what is worrying is that only around half of the household savings in India are invested in financial instruments. Knowledge about saving and investment preferences, gender-wise, will help to design effective investment instruments. Another area that requires further examination is the role that a woman plays in influencing aggregate savings and investment. Till the last decade, considering the low earning potential of women to earn, save and invest, not much research has been conducted on this subject. The coming decade, is going to see more and more women getting higher education and aiming for heavy pay cheque jobs. There is an urgent need to understand the savings and investment pattern of women, so as to frame policies and develop financial products exclusively for women. Another reason for understanding the savings and investment pattern of women is that, though they are good savers, they are unable to convert all their savings into investments. They do not invest as much as the men do. According to Barber (2001) though women are not active investors, they make more profits than men when they trade because by trading more, men hurt their performance more than women. Preda (2001) comments that women are always excluded from financial discussions, on the explicit ground that they cannot understand investments. According to Chachoria (2000) women are the next generation financial decision makers and they should be targeted from a financial perspective. She suggests that marketing for financial products should be done differently for women. Through this study an attempt is made to understand the savings and investment pattern of women. The factors which influence their investment decision making are identified. As 60 percent of women in India are house wives , they have been included in this study . The vi variations in the investment pattern between working and non-working with respect to socio-demographic attributes have been analyzed. The sample size consisted of 225 women, who regularly save and invest. The study was conducted in the city of Bangalore. Convenience sampling was used for the purpose of data collection. Data was collected through questionnaires and was subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis. The major findings of the research are: ?The most important reason why a woman saves is because of a Precautionary motive. Saving money in Bank and in the house kitty (saving at home) are the most preferred saving avenues. ?Even though non-working women dont have direct income of their own, they are able to save a minimum of 5 to 10 percent from their household savings. ?Safety of the principal is regarded as a very important criterion before investing, as opposed to instruments with low initial investment. ?The main motive behind investing is to fulfill their personal and financial goals. They also recognize the importance of multiplying savings through investment. ?Gold is the most preferred investment instrument, followed by real estate, insurance products, bank deposits, chit funds, mutual funds, bonds, post office deposits, shares and SIP. ?The highest constraint in investing is found to be lack of awareness and advice. This bursts a common myth: In India women are not able to invest as they are not able to take decisions on their own. -
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A Study on Sense of Community: Case Example of Public Housing Project, Bengaluru, India
Background: In the realm of collective public housing, certain societal segments currently favor low-rise residential blocks due to their affordability and lower number of dwelling units per block, thus affording increased privacy for residents. However, the concept of associating residents benefits with social relationships has yet to garner sufficient attention. Objective: This article seeks to understand and examine the impact of public housing on the sense of community (SOC) within a public housing community. Methods: The study was conducted at the Bangalore Development Author-ity Jnanabharathi Residential Enclave in Kengeri, Bengaluru, Karnataka. This understanding was attained through a comprehensive review of existing literature and an on-site evaluation carried out using questionnaire surveys and photographs for visual interpretations. Findings: The results indicated a relatively deficient sense of ownership within the community. Homeowners exhibited higher levels of community involvement and engagement in various activities compared with tenants. Conclusions: Furthermore, the study recommends that public authorities reevalu-ate their perspectives on public housing developments and develop a policy-orien-ted approach for planning, design, and additional amenities to foster a stronger SOC belonging. 2023 Springer Publishing Company. -
A study on sexual harassment of women garment workers
Sexual harassment at work place is a manifestation of deep rooted patriarchy prevailing in the larger society encouraging power based discriminatory practices and in turn creating hostile work environments where women workers are vulnerable to experience harassment and abuse. In Karnataka, majority of the garment factories are located in Bangalore and they employ around five lakh women . Economic dependence on the job for their livelihood, social perception of obeying the superiors, job insecurity and spilt over patriarchal biases into the work environment make the women garment workers more vulnerable to become victims of sexual harassment. There is a lack of empirical studies which measures the working conditions and how it is related to the concept of sexual harassment and coping behaviours of the victims in the garment factories in India. The aim of the current research study is to analyze the nature and frequency of sexual harassment experienced by the victim, organizational mechanisms to deal with sexual harassment, and consequences of sexual harassment on the victim-vocational, psychological, interpersonal and physical strain, the strategies (whether external or internal coping strategies) used by the victim to cope with sexual harassment and develop a training manual based on the findings of the study to help victims effectively deal with sexual harassment at workplace. The research study has adopted a descriptive and quantitative research design. Data has been collected from a sample of 312 victims of sexual harassment (women garment workers) who have approached two unions for support through structured interview method using structured, close ended, standardized interview schedules. -
A study on significance of cashback offered by online companies and its impact on customer preferences in online purchases
The emergence of e-commerce is redefining the entire business process across the word. This mode of doing business is presently being used in every industry and sale of all products. The retail industry has seen the major shift towards e commerce business model. With more and more customers opting for online purchases, a number of companies have entered into this sector. This had led to extreme competition in the market. The companies compete each other fiercely with sharp marketing tactics. The price based sales strategy is the one that attracts the customers more. The research study is being done to understand the significance of the cashback strategy used by online companies to generate more sales. The study will try to analyse the perception of the customers towards cashbacks and what are the factors related to cashbacks that attracts them. The findings will help the online companies in designing the best cashback model. The study has been carried out in Bangalore as it is one of the leading locations for online business. 2019, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc. All rights reserved. -
A study on smart device application platform
Cloud Computing is considered to be one of the hottest research areas as it provides an approach through which the data is stored and accessed over the Internet in a virtual environment. The main idea to adapt this technology is that it shares the available resources rather than having separate local servers. This technology plays a crucial role in the healthcare sector as the healthcare industries believe that by incorporating cloud services within the healthcare sector it could provide quality services to the patients. Many industrial specialists suggest ways of converting the huge amount of data collected from the healthcare into meaning information and later sharing this valuable information to the user at the right time. The smart device is an electronic rig that is efficient to answer, sympathize and interact mutually with its users and other smart devices, one of the upcoming smart devices are smart shirts. Smart shirts allow the user to share information like Facebook or LinkedIn profile details. This paper focuses on providing wearable devices to the user in order to have monitored over his/her health. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 -
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A STUDY ON SOCIAL LIFE OF IRULA WOMEN IN CHENGALPET OF TAMILNADU
This study is concentrated on Irula women population in Chengalpet of Tamil Nadu. The social life of Irula women was studied for the better understanding and to acquire knowledge on Irula tribal community and the social life of women. These Chengalpet Irulas are located in the plain areas near the forestry boundaries. Their social life was mainly concentrated in the present study because their lives are surrounded with non tribal population in the plain areas and also they are the indigenous tribal population of TamilNadu. Their life style, culture, education, economy and social life was included for research purpose in this study. This is a descriptive and comparative component study. The two types of villages were selected, one is developed village and the other one is undeveloped village. These villages were chosen based on the infrastructural facilities. The developed village was with the basic facilities like water, electricity, transport, roads, schools and hospitals. The undeveloped village was without the water, transport, proper roads, and electricity for all the houses, schools and hospitals. The Irula women population from both the village, particularly the age group between 18 and above was considered as a universe of this study. The stratified random sampling method was adopted to select the samples. The sample size was 100, and there were more than 60 Irula families living in respective villages and the samples were collected randomly 50 from each village. The primary data was collected using different techniques. It had framed totally 50 questions based on the hypothesis and objectives. Most of the questions are focused on social and cultural life of Irula women. The other technique was used by the researcher was case study method which focused on the social life of Irula women. It also enables the researcher to get a better in to a polygamy marriage and other cultural aspects. Interview schedule administrated on Irula women were codified and tabulated. Data processing was carried out with the help of computer. Numerical symbols were assigned to the responses in the interview schedule yielding a total of 40 variables. Computer was also used for statistical analyses of data. In the first instance sorting was done to generate frequency tables for the variables. The report that follows incorporates the data, analysis, the interpretation and the inferences draw there from. The major findings were expressed and determined the social life Irula women. In developed village 28 percent of the respondents were belongs to the age group of 18-28 and in undeveloped village 40 percent of the respondents were belongs to the age group of 18-28.Both in developed and undeveloped village 72 and 52 percent of the respondents were illiterates. Both in developed and undeveloped villages 86 and 82 percent of the respondents were married. Both in developed and undeveloped villages 60 and 68 percent of the respondents were working as coolies. In developed village 37.21 percent of the respondents were earning monthly Rs.2000-3000 and in undeveloped village 47.83 percent of the respondents were earning monthly Rs.1000-2000.Both in developed and in undeveloped villages 74 and 50 percent of the respondents were not getting equal wages in their work sector. The major findings were described under 6 main headings as socio-demographic life, educational background, economic conditions, health and awareness and social life. These findings incorporate the social life Irula women in Chengalpet of TamilNadu. -
A study on social media influence on people's obsession with food /
With the coming in of various social media platforms which allow the public to share things about themselves in online forum, there is an increasing need among people to disclose to everyone from what they are doing to what they are eating. The phenomenon of food pornography has existed for a long time; however it has gained popularity because of social media. -
A study on socio-economic impact of remittances on forward migrants household of tibetan refugees in india
Migration and Development is an agenda of every country s economic policy in recent time. Migration has been linked to the flow of remittances influencing socio-economic development particularly of developing countries. Studies on remittances have also reflected its positive side having potential effect at all levels including micro (households), macro (country) and meso newline(community) levels.The existing literature on remittance manifested the prominent role of remittance in enhancing livelihood of receiving households. Empirical study conducted on developing economies concluded that households receiving remittances are better off than those of non-receiving newlinehouseholds. International remittance has a direct role on household s economy by raising newlinehousehold s standard of living. Remittances were used for household consumption activities including education, health, housing, accumulating assets leading to human capital development. Likewise, literature pointed out the potential role of remittance inducing investment in business and entrepreneurship development by employing households in becoming self-reliant. Further, remittance improves trust and network within households and community which indirectly helps poor in the community. Thus, it is evident from the previous literature that newlineremittances have enhanced human and financial and social capital development. However, the existing literature lacks information on remittance affecting livelihood in Tibetan newlinecontext. Hence, there is a need of in-depth study in this area of research which is latent and unexplored. In this study, it has made an attempt to understand the role of remittance on Tibetan refugee communities in India who rely on remittance as one of the major sources of income. The study focuses on the impact of remittances from forward migrants who migrated from India towards newlinewestern and European countries. They send remittances back home leading to socio-economic development in the country of origin. -
A study on socio-economics impact of remittances on forward migrants household of the Tibetan refugees in India /
Migration and Development is an agenda of every country’s economic policy in recent time. Migration has been linked to the flow of remittances influencing socio-economic development particularly of developing countries. Studies on remittances have also reflected its positive side having potential effect at all levels including micro (households), macro (country) and meso (community) levels. The existing literature on remittance manifested the prominent role of remittance in enhancing livelihood of receiving households. Empirical study conducted on developing economies concluded that households receiving remittances are better off than those of non-receiving households. -
A Study on Some Eccentricity Related Problems in Graphs
The concepts related to eccentricity in graphs are explored in this research work. newlineThe eccentric graph Ge of a graph G has the same vertex set as that of G and two newlinevertices in Ge are adjacent if one is the eccentric vertex of the other. The eccentric newlinegraphs of some graph operations are explored, and the iterated eccentric graphs Gek newlineare introduced. The process of inding eccentric graphs, known as eccentrication, is newlinestudied in detail. Graphs that result in a complete graph Kn upon iterative eccentrication are characterized, and the cyclic property of eccentrication is established for various cycle-related graphs. The eccentrication of tree graphs is studied in detail, and a general result on the cyclic property of trees is obtained. A conjecture on the cyclic property of eccentrication for any graph G is made. The ei-signed graph of a graph G, where the edge between vertices u and v receives a sign and#963; = (and#8722;1)|ecc(u)and#8722;ecc(v)|, where ecc(u) is the eccentricity of vertex u, is investigated. General properties of ei-signed graphs, such as homogeneity, consistency, switching, and sign compatibility, are discussed. Properties that behave diferently across various classes of graphs are explored. Finally, the scope of this study is presented, and some open problems in the area are provided. -
