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Synthesis of Nanoflowers using Garcinia gummi-gutta Leaf Extract via Green Route for Enhanced Antifungal and Anti-cancerous Activities
Due to its envisaged relevance in nanomedicine and materials research, the bio-engineering of nanoparticles (NPs) is becoming progressively more promising. Compared to physical and chemical processes, green synthesis produces NPs that are less hazardous to the environment. The usage of phytochemicals in Garcinia gummigutta (L.) leaf extract (GGL) in the bio-reduction of GGL-Ag NPs with potential antifungal and anti-cancerous activities was the main focus of the current study. UV-vis spectrophotometry at 442 nm verified the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs. The average diameters of the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM and zeta-sizer studies to be 166.69 nm and 148.2 nm, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) examinations of the GGL-Ag NPs confirmed the crystalline nature and the elemental constitution of the NPs. Additionally, the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs' FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of Phyto components acting as capping agents. Zeta potential measurements (-26.2 4.13 mV) authenticated the stability of the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs. Antimicrobial activity testing of the GGL-Ag NPs demonstrated considerable suppression against Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans at a dose of 100 g/ml and 60 g/ml. Additionally, the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs have demonstrated considerable cytotoxic effects on the Hep-G2 cell line. The current study results show that GGL-Ag NPs may be produced at a low cost and with minimal environmental impact for nanobiotechnology and biomedicine usage. 2024, Brawijaya University. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of nanocarbon-polyaniline composite and investigation of its optical and electrical properties
The polyaniline-nanocarbon (PANI-NC) composite was synthesized by in situ polymerization of the aniline monomer (PBC-A&B) with reduced carbon from bituminous coal (RBC). The X-ray analysis confirmed the formation of the polyaniline-graphene oxide composite. The XRD result shows that the stacking height of the PBC-A increased due to the attachment of nitrogen group to the carbon lattice. The result of CHNS confirmed the increase in composition of nitrogen in PBC-A due to the treatment of RBC with aniline to form the polymer-nanocarbon composite. Optical analysis by UV absorption spectra revealed that the band gap is in the range of 3.29-4.27 eV. The AC conductivity, dielectric permittivity, and dielectric loss of the composite are measured within a frequency response of 10 Hz to 1 MHz. It is observed that one can tailor the band gap of the PANI-GO composite by varying the concentration of reduced carbon from coal. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of nano-crystalline tin dioxide and its effect on calcination
Nitrate-citrate gel-combustion method was used in this study to prepare nano-crystalline tin dioxide. The samples were calcined at a temperature range of 543-1173 K. The prepared powder was characterized by SEM, TEM and X-ray diffraction. On increasing the temperature with limited supply of air (calcination), there is a systematic increase in tin content accompanied by a reduction in oxygen. The tetragonal nano tin structure formed during the process has about 20 nm in lateral size. With increase in calcination temperature, the carbon content systematically decreased. 2017, Chemical Publishing Co. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of Magnetorheological fluid Compositions for Valve Mode Operation
Smart materials such as Magnetorheological Fluids (MRF) have become sought-after material in wide ranging applications due to the ability to change properties in a controlled manner under application of stimulation such as a variable current, magnetization, heat, force, stress and deformation. Magnetorheological fluids in the rheological fluid domain has found use due to its ability to change its shear strength based on the applied magnetic field. Magnetorheological fluids are composed of magnetizable micron sized iron particles and a non-magnetizable base/carrier fluid. The shear strength of commercially available MRF varies from 0 to 100kPa under the effect of the magnetic field. In a valve mode, the Magnetorheological damper (MR Damper or MRD), the MR fluid flows between two-fixed poles, which are parallel to each other. When the fluid flows between them, due to the applied magnetic field the magnetic particles align themselves in a chain form (on state) which is easily reversible when the field is removed (off state). Physical change of the fluid from liquid to semi-solid is controlled by the magnetic field, which makes the fluid a reliable member in active vibration control applications. In this study, two types of magnetizable particles (Carbonyl iron (CI) and Electrolytic iron (EI)) are taken and characterized using an Anton Paar MCR 702 rheometer set-up, in on and off states. To overcome issues like sedimentation, agglomeration and corrosion of the MR fluid, the iron particles are coated with natural gum like guar and xanthan, to the carrier fluid grease and other thixotropic additives are added. The addition of grease and thixotropic additives will inhibit the microbiological degradation of natural gum over an extended period. These engineered MR fluids are then used to analyze the performance of designed and developed stand-alone MR damper, which is tested using an electro-dynamic shaker. The response and damping performance of the MR Damper is analyzed with controlled changes in variables including percentage of additives in MR fluid & magnetization values 2019 Elsevier Ltd. -
Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Traditionally Used Indian Medicinal Plants
Considering the exclusive environmental conditions and geological characteristics, Indian flora is extensive and rich in medicinal plants. From primeval times, plant parts and their metabolites have been widely explored for various practices including medicinal as well as culinary. The phytochemicals present in these plants are potential reducing agents for the bio-fabrication of these nanoparticles. The non-toxic nature and combination of the plant phytochemicals with precursor ions act as key aspects for synthesized nanoparticles. The present review highlights the potential applications of Inorganic nanoparticles synthesized from 148 traditionally used medicinal plants present in the Indian geographical region. In addition, parameters that influence the green synthesis of Inorganic nanoparticles such as the extraction methods, solvents used for extraction, the concentration of precursor and plant phytochemicals, pH, temperature, reaction time, and characterization techniques of the nanoparticles are discussed. Thus, the review provides information on the research that has been done in the area of green synthesis using Indian medicinal plants. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Synthesis of high temperature (1150 C) resistant materials after extraction of oxides of Al and Mg from Aluminum dross
Aluminum Dross (Al-dross) is a well-known Industrial waste generated in an Aluminium industry from the melting of the metal itself. It gets made yearly in hundreds of thousands of tons worldwide, due to the wide use and demand of Aluminum in almost every industry. However, Al-dross is not completely a waste as it contains two compounds of interest, namely Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) and Magnesium Aluminate (MgAl2O4). They are the basic compounds present in any refractory which are products featuring low thermal conductivity and high temperature shock characteristics in the order of 1000 C+. Thus, Aluminum Dross becomes a vital candidate to be considered for the extraction of the two of the aforementioned compounds. Recent studies have shown that Al-dross indeed can be used to extract Al2O3 and MgAl2O4. However, Al-dross also contains Aluminum Nitride (AlN) a compound that exhibits the exact opposite properties demonstrated by refractories. In addition to being technically unsuitable for use as refractory material, AlN also possesses another huge issue. When Al-dross is dumped into landfills, the AlN present in the dross combines with the moisture in the soil and is energized by geothermal heat which leads into an exothermic reaction, thereby releases highly toxic and health hazardous gases. Keeping the above techno-environment challenges in mind, prior to utilizing the beneficiated Al-dross in any industrial application, it is important to leach out the AlN from the dross in an environment friendly manner. This paper deals with the successive leaching of AlN from the Al-dross using two laboratory procedures. Sintered (to be added) pellets made out of the processed powder in the lab were subjected to analysis of structural phases and chemical constituents by employing XRD and EDS. Cyclic thermal shock test cycles were also carried out by subjecting the pellets to 1150 C and quenching in air alternately, to study the refractory characteristics. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Nano Structures from Kerosene Soot and its Impedance Analysis
Graphene oxide was synthesized from kerosene soot, by adapting three different treatments. The properties of each sample were studied using X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR and impedance measurements. The XRD results showed that the structural parameters (layer spacing, number of layers) were in agreement with expected values, indicating the reliability of kerosene soot as a precursor for graphene. The grain size was found to be small (1 to 2 nm) confirming the nanostructure of kerosene soot. The UV-visible spectra revealed high band gap even while conductivity was appreciably high. Other characteristic measurements showed frequency-independent conductivity, low resistance and low capacitance. FTIR spectra of all the treated samples and the precursor show the differences brought about in functionalization, due to the different methods of treatment. These differences, however, does not appreciably affect parameters such as band gap, conductivity and dielectric loss in any drastic way. 2018 Chemical Publishing Co. All Rights Reserved. -
Synthesis of emeraldine PANI polymer-reduced graphene and its use as polyelectrolyte
Abstract: Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/polyaniline (PANI) composites grabbed the interest of researcher towards the development of electrolyte material. In present research work, we have focused on the synthesis of rGO and PANI by chemical method. The composites are prepared using different amounts of rGO/PANI and lithium carbonate. The main objective is to enhance structural and electrochemical properties of polymer composites. It is observed that proper interface of polymer composites leads towards the desired chargedischarge capacity and cyclic stability with the diffusion of electrons and electrolyte ions. This particular study can be further used for the development of electrochemical device applications. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
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Synthesis of Chitosan Stabilised Platinum Nanoparticles and their Characterization
A simplistic green synthesis route for the platinum nanoparticles has been successfully identified by using chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H2 PtCl6.6H2 O) as the metal precursor and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reducing agent at room temperature. Chitosan was used in minute quantities as capping and stabilizing agent. The visual observation of a black coloured colloidal suspension, the characteristic XRD peaks and the absorption peak in the range of 200-300nm confirmed the production of Pt nanoparticles. The average crystallite size calculated using Debye-Scherrer equation is about 19 2 nm and a less intense absorption peak was found at 246nm and 281nm. The FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the capping with chitosan molecules. Zeta-potential calculation gave a surface charge of-23.8mV, and this high negative value, then validated the stability of the nanoparticle. The synthesis of platinum nanoparticles is very significant for their catalytic activity and biomedical applications in industrial as well as healthcare sector. 2023, Books and Journals Private Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of Carbon Containing Composites for Energy and Environmental Applications
The population has grown rapidly, resulting in increased energy consumption and environmental issues. Researchers are developing new materials with unique physical and chemical properties to tackle these challenges. This has led to a focus on exploring novel approaches to synthesize micro and nanomaterials for use in the energy and environmental sectors. In this study, carbon-containing catalysts were developed as photocatalysts, electrocatalysts for water splitting reactions, and electrode materials for supercapacitor application. To evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of these materials, various characterization methods were employed, including X-ray diffraction, newlineScanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential reflectance spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering, and Thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemical and photocatalytic studies of the prepared materials were carried out by optimizing the different parameters. The four chapters include newlineCr2AlC MAX Phase as the catalyst used for photocatalysis, bismuth ferrite/Cr2CTx MXene, cobalt ferrite/Cr2CTx MXene composites for supercapacitor and electrocatalytic water splitting, bismuth ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped graphene quantum dots for supercapacitor application, and Cobalt ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped graphene quantum dots for supercapacitor and newlineelectrocatalytic water splitting application. -
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Synthesis of bismuth silicate nanostructures with tunable morphology and enhanced photocatalytic activity
Bismuth oxide due to its narrow bandgap has attracted significant attention as a photocatalyst. A facile and efficient method to synthesize bismuth silicate with tunable morphology and property is achieved in this study. Bismuth oxide and bismuth silicate have been synthesized by surfactant-assisted modified sol-gel method. The fabricated bismuth oxide nanoparticle samples are characterized by various analytical tools such as X-Ray diffractometer, Infra-Red spectroscopy, Scanning Electron microscopy and UV-Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye in aqueous medium. Bismuth silicate exerts more satisfactory catalytic property and outstanding reusability compared to pure bismuth oxide. The superior stability and enhanced activity enables the application of bismuth silicate as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation. 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of benzothiazinones, benzothiazines and their selenium analogues through novel synthetic routes /
Benzo fused N-heterocyclic scaffolds containing oxygen, sulphur or selenium have found wide interest in the field of drug-discovery. Among these N-heterocycles, benzothiazine, benzoxazine, benzoselenazine and benzothiazinone derivatives are a unique class of compounds and have a larger scope towards the development of efficient and simple synthetic methodologies for their synthesis with readily available substrates. -
Synthesis of Benzothiazinones Benzothiazines and Their Selenium Analogues Through Novel Synthetic Routes
Benzo fused N-heterocyclic scaffolds containing oxygen, sulphur or selenium have found wide interest in the field of drug-discovery. Among these N-heterocycles, benzothiazine, benzoxazine, benzoselenazine and benzothiazinone derivatives are a unique class of compounds and have a larger scope towards the development of efficient and simple synthetic methodologies for their synthesis with readily available substrates. newlineDuring the course of the present thesis a convenient and simple synthetic procedures were developed for the synthesis of benzothiazines, benzoxazines, benzoselenazines and benzothiazinones in an onepot methodology. 2-aryl/alkyl substituted 1,3-benzothiazines and selenazines were synthesized by reacting 2-amino benzyl alcohols and thio or seleno benzamides in the presence of T3P.A reagent controlled methodology was developed for the synthesis of 2-amino substituted 1,3-benzothiazines and oxazines. Initially, various 2-amino benzylalcohols are reacted with newlineisothiocyanates to form the corresponding thioureas. The formed thioureas undergo newlinecyclodehydration in the presence of T3P to yield 2-amino substituted 1,3-benzothiazines newlineand on the other hand molecular iodine facilitates desulfurization of the thiourea to yield 2-amino substituted 1,3-benzoxazines. 2-amino substituted 1,3-benzothiazinones were synthesized by reacting anthranilic acids and isothiocyanates in the presence of EDC.HCl. 2-aryl substituted 1,3-benzothiazinones were synthesized by employing thiobenzamides in the presence of T3P. All the compounds synthesized were characterized by 1HNMR, 13C, Mass spectroscopic (LCMS, HRMS) analysis. Docking studies against TANKYRASE-1 enzyme for colorectal cancer (CRC) and antibacterial studies were also discussed. -
Synthesis of bent-shaped azobenzene main-chain polymers for photo-switching properties
This work presents the synthesis of the new bent-core polymers with siloxane units connected to the one side of azobenzene units. The structure of siloxane-based azobenzene bent-core polymers, 7ac, was elucidated by spectral analysis (nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). The results of gel permeation chromatography suggested that all polymers (7ac) showed polydisperse (polydispersity index >1). Besides, the extent of polymerization in the following order: 7a > 7b > 7c, where the degree of polymerization values were 7, 8 and 11, respectively. Polarizing optical microscopy revealed that the bent-core liquid crystal (BCLC) monomers, 6a and 6b, displayed the smectic A phase, whereas BCLC monomer 6c and all siloxane-based main-chain polymers (MCPs) (7ac) were crystalline in nature. The result of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy demonstrated that all MCPs (7ac) exhibited strong photoisomerization behavior in solution. All polymers (7ac) showed trans to cis isomerization in about 200 s, whereas the reverse process required much longer times ranging from 400 to 520 min in solution. The photo-switching study on azobenzene containing polymers stated that the effect of alkyl chain length and type of central core units on trans to cis isomerization were negligible. In contrast, both parameters influence the cis to trans process in which the photo-switching behavior of these materials may be primarily suitably exploited in the field of photo-induced phenomenon. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Synthesis of amine functionalized metal organic framework using H2FIPBB ligand for energy storage application /
Patent Number: 202241023295, Applicant: Sruthi Rajasekaran.
The present invention shows the energy storage application of the Mn-Ni@NH2-h2fipbb MOF using the ligand 4,4:hexafluoroisopropylidene bis- benzoic acid (h2fipbb) under mild conditions. The methodology followed was hydrothermal at 120°C with manganese and nickel metal salts along with the ligand in dimethylformamide (DMF). The development of efficient Mn-Ni@NH2-h2fipbb material is suitable for supercapacitance-energy storage applications, which is the future need for various industrial applications. -
Synthesis of amine functionalized metal organic framework using H2FIPBB ligand for energy storage application /
Patent Number: 202241023295, Applicant: Sruthi Rajasekaran.
The present invention shows the energy storage application of the Mn-Ni@NH2-h2fipbb MOF using the ligand 4,4:hexafluoroisopropylidene bis- benzoic acid (h2fipbb) under mild conditions. The methodology followed was hydrothermal at 120°C with manganese and nickel metal salts along with the ligand in dimethylformamide (DMF). The development of efficient Mn-Ni@NH2-h2fipbb material is suitable for supercapacitance-energy storage applications, which is the future need for various industrial applications. -
Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzothiazin-4-Ones via C-N/C-S Bond Forming Reactions
A Phosphine-free and effective process has been expressed for the formulation of N,S-heterocycles following a C-N/C-S bond forming reactions. The described process operates through EDC-HCl-mediated heterocyclization of diverse isothiocyanates and bis-nucleophiles to deliver 1,3-thiazinone derivatives, which eliminates the use of hazardous reagents. The developed protocol was found applicable over a wide range of substrates in delivering N,S-heterocycles in excellent yields at room temperature and short reaction time. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Synthesis of 1, 8-Naphthyridine-3-Carbonitriles under solvent-free conditions using ceric ammonium nitrate
1,8-naphthyridines are synthesized using a four-component, one-pot approach. This method includes the reaction of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, 1,6-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one, substituted aniline in a solvent-free condition catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN). Contrary to the reported literature, this distinct method houses several promising factors to the same degree as solvent-free reaction conditions, shorter reaction duration, excellent yields, and a straightforward extraction process. 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.