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Fluorescence bioimaging applications of europium-doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles
Fluorescence bioimaging is widely used for physiological studies to visualise intercellular molecular events due to its highly selective, sensitive, and non-destructive nature. However, its application in in vivo live imaging is often limited by the scarcity of biocompatible fluorescent probes possessing optimal properties. Our study focuses on developing europium-based nanoparticles for in vivo bioimaging, especially imaging of plants. Eu-doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles were synthesised through a conventional solid-state reaction. Structural characterisation of samples using XRD confirmed the prevalence of SrAl2O4 as the prominent phase. The FTIR spectrum, SEM and TEM images were recorded for further characterization. Photoluminescence studies showed orange red emission of sample. The antibacterial activity of the nanophosphors was studied, demonstrating no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity studies conducted using Neuro-2A cells showed no indications of cytotoxicity associated with europium doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles. When incorporated into the plant tissue culture medium, these nanoparticles were found to have no effect on seed germination and plant growth, and it demonstrated no phytotoxicity. Imaging studies have shown the uptake of nanoparticles by plants and their subsequent transport through the vascular system. Our results emphasise the direct integration of nanophosphors into plant tissues from the growth medium, eliminating the necessity for traditional staining methods in fluorescence bioimaging. Incorporation of nanophosphors into living organisms holds promise for non-invasive and long-term fluorescence imaging, with potential applications in biological studies and diagnostics. The outstanding fluorescence properties and biocompatibility of europium doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles broaden its potential for various applications in fluorescence bioimaging. 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. -
Structure-tuned Pr-doped NiFe2O4nanoceramics for enhanced pseudocapacitive performance: Insights from lattice distortion and charge transfer dynamics
In this study, Praseodymium-doped nickel ferrite (NiPrxFe2-xO4, x=0.000.02) nanoceramics were synthesized via an efficient solution combustion method to investigate the structural modifications and their impact on electrochemical performance. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure across all compositions, with Pr3+substitution inducing measurable lattice distortions and variations in crystallite size. WilliamsonHall analysis revealed a doping-dependent microstrain, highlighting the role of Pr doping in tuning the structural framework. FTIR spectra further confirmed alterations in metaloxygen vibrations at tetrahedral and octahedral sites, supporting the lattice perturbations caused by ionic substitution. Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic chargedischarge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated superior pseudocapacitive behavior for the optimally doped sample (x=0.01), which exhibited a high specific capacitance of 69.2F/g and the lowest charge transfer resistance (0.30?). Scanning electron microscopy revealed a porous and roughened surface morphology in this composition, facilitating rapid ion diffusion and redox kinetics. This is quantitatively supported by a correlation between doping-induced lattice strain, crystallite size, and the resulting enhancement in charge transfer kinetics and redox-active site density. These findings position Pr-doped NiFe2O4nanoceramics as promising candidates for next-generation supercapacitor electrodes. 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Effect of samarium doping on structural properties and electronic structure of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3ceramic with antimicrobial applications
The research work reports a systematic examination of structure, microstructure, electronic and local structure, optical and antimicrobial properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) and Bi0.45Sm0.05Na0.5TiO3 (BSNT) ceramics manufactured by the solid-state route. The influence of a small amount of samarium (Sm) doping at the A-site of BNT matrix is examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), UVvis diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and antimicrobial analyses. XRD reveals single-phase rhombohedral structures with R3c space group. FTIR provides evidence for perovskite structures. Raman spectra illustrate three prominent vibrations, like Bi - O/Na - O, Ti - O vibrations of TiO6, and oxygen ion vibrations of the TiO6 octahedron of both samples. FESEM reveals better grain developments, and elemental confirmations are evident from EDS. The topographical and morphological studies, such as RMS and average roughness, skewness, and kurtosis, are conducted by AFM. XPS reveals dual oxidation states of Ti and Sm, and oxygen vacancies (OVs). A detailed analysis of the electronic structure is performed by examining the Bi L3-edge and Ti K-edge XANES spectra of BNT and BSNT, along with those of the model compounds. The Fourier transform of EXAFS analysis is conducted to probe the local structure, and extracted parameters, like coordination number (N), bond distance (R(), and Debye-Waller factor (?2), are analyzed. UVvis studies reveal a minute reduction in the band gap in BSNT. Impedance study shows the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) responses. The antibacterial activities are examined by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI) caused by the materials, along with a control antibiotic, against a variety of bacterial strains. 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Rheostatic effect of a magnetic field on the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in a five-dimensional magnetoconvective Lorenz system
This paper deals with a weakly nonlinear study of two-dimensional RayleighBard magnetoconvection using a simplified five-dimensional Lorenz model. The governing equations of the system are nondimensionalized and formulated in terms of the stream function and the scalar magnetic potential. A five-modal Fourier truncation scheme is employed and the resulting equations are scaled to obtain a five-dimensional autonomous dynamical system. The Hopf-Rayleigh number, signifying Hopf bifurcation, is numerically evaluated from the analysis of weakly nonlinear stability. Chaotic and periodic motions are depicted by plotting bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) diagrams and three-dimensional projections of the phase-space. For a fixed set of parameter values, increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field is found to increase the Hopf-Rayleigh number, thereby delaying the destabilization of the system's equilibrium points. It is shown that while low magnetic field strengths favor the onset of chaotic motion directly from the steady state, stronger magnetic field strengths favor the onset of periodic convection from the steady state prior to the appearance of chaotic motion. We observe here that the applied magnetic field regulates the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in the system and therefore, has a rheostatic control over chaotic and periodic behaviors. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
The impact of feedback mechanisms on RayleighBard penetrative convection in micro-polar fluids
This study examines the effects of feedback control and internal heat sources on the onset criterion of RayleighBard convection (RBC) in a horizontal Boussinesq micropolar fluid layer. A linear stability analysis, employing the Chebyshev pseudospectral method, is conducted to compute the eigenvalues and assess the stability of the system under varying conditions. The analysis considers several parameters, including heat conduction, coupling, couple stress, scalar controller gain, and internal heat sources. The findings reveal that the introduction of internal heat sources destabilizes the system, while the scalar controller gain significantly delays the onset of convection, thereby enhancing system stability. Additionally, it is demonstrated that an increase in both the coupling and heat conduction parameters contributes positively to system stabilization, whereas an increase in the couple stress parameter hastens the onset of convection. Notably, the investigation indicates that the system demonstrates greater stability when the boundary is heated from above as opposed to from below. These results provide crucial insights for the control of heat transfer in micropolar fluids and suggest that optimizing the scalar controller gain, along with careful tuning of other system parameters, can significantly enhance stability. The implications of this research are substantial for the design of efficient fluid dynamical systems, particularly in scenarios requiring precise control over temperature, pressure, and flow, such as those encountered in chemical processing, power generation, and manufacturing. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Exploring the influence of family relationship on students school well-being
The purpose of the study was to examine the potential significance of familial relationships in influencing adolescent students experiences of happiness within the school context, contributing to the broader discourse on fostering a supportive environment for youth development. The method in this research used a quantitative approach with a correlational design through a survey method. A sample of 715 higher secondary students, comprising 66 % girls and 34 % boys from Kerala, India, completed the family relationship questionnaire and students subjective well-being measure. The analysis used was Spearman's Correlation and Multiple Regression. Based on the analysis results, it was found that the three dimensions of family relationship are positively correlated with a sig value of < .01. Thus, Ha1 was accepted. Multiple regression results revealed that family coherence (p < .001) emerged as the most significant predictor of student subjective well-being among three dimensions of family relationship measures. Family expressiveness (p < .01) is the second most influential element on students school well-being. Meanwhile, the result shows that there is no conclusive evidence that family conflict has predictive significance. Thus, Ha 2 was accepted except family conflict dimension. It may be inferred that all aspects of family relationship are positively related to student well-being. However, only family coherence and expressiveness have a substantial impact on the well-being of Indian higher secondary students, but family conflict does not. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Red emission in MoO3:Eu3+ nanobelts: Investigation on the photoluminescence quenching mechanism
MoO3:Eu3+ nanobelts were synthesized via the hydrothermal method with varying concentrations of europium doping. The investigation has examined the structural, morphological, optical, and photoluminescence characteristics of MoO3:Eu3+ nanophosphors. The XRD and Raman spectroscopy affirmed the orthorhombic structure of the synthesized nanostructures. FESEM depicts a nanobelt-like morphology and XPS studies confirmed the presence of Eu3+. A detailed analysis of the photoluminescence mechanism, concentration quenching, and quantum efficiency is presented in this study. Upon 302 nm excitation, red emission was observed along with concentration quenching effects. The optimized sample with the highest PL intensity (MoO3:Eu3+ 3 mol. %) was annealed at 600 C for 12 hrs. The PL intensity increased upon annealing, with the corresponding CIE coordinates (0.52, 0.29). The findings highlight the material's potential for use in display technologies and bioimaging phosphors. 2025 The Authors -
Nonlinear steady Darcy-Bard convection problem: Revisit using the heatlines approach
The classical problem of Darcy-Bard convection(DBC) in enclosures is revisited using the method of heatlines to have a better perspective of the problem. General aspect ratio is chosen in the analysis which helps in obtaining the results of four different types of enclosures, viz., tall, square, shallow and very shallow. Three different water saturated porous media(WSPM) and their actual thermophysical properties are used in the computation of the results. The method of heatlines facilitates the observation of fluid and heat flow lines in order to have a good understanding of the dynamics. The neo-classical approach not only accurately predicts the critical Darcy-Rayleigh and wave numbers but also picturizes the heat flow of the problem in the most natural way. The Galerkin method is used in the paper for the normal and convective modes of convection yields accurate analytical results in the heatlines formulation. Theoretical expression to calculate the number of Bard cells that form in the system at onset is obtained by linear theory, and ranges of aspect ratio at which unicellular, two-cellular and multicellular convection are possible are determined and documented. The weakly non-linear stability analysis is performed to determine the heat transport. Among four considered enclosures, maximum heat transport is achieved in the case of a square enclosure. Out of three chosen WSPM, the water-saturated glass balls porous medium and the water-saturated aluminium-foam porous medium show most stable and least stable behaviours. Results obtained from the heatlines approach are validated by comparing with the results of the classical DBC problem in the case of a very shallow enclosure. From the study, we conclude that the square enclosure with water-saturated aluminium-foam porous medium has possible application in heat removal systems. 2025 The Physical Society of the Republic of China (Taiwan) -
A study on regular and chaotic convection in an anisotropic porous cavity
The primary intent of the work is to investigate the linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of the BrinkmanBard convection (BBC) problem in a horizontal thermally-anisotropic porous enclosure with temperature-dependent uniform heat source/sink analytically by using a weighted residual Galerkin scheme. The linear stability analysis of the study reveals that the conductive system is stabilized by increasing anisotropy, Darcy number, and internal heat source strength. Three modal Lorenz model is derived by performing weakly nonlinear stability analysis using truncated Fourier series solutions. Equilibrium points of the Lorenz model and stability analysis is studied. The conductive equilibrium point (zero equilibrium point) is asymptotically stable and the eigenvalues are negative, whereas the convective equilibrium points (non-zero equilibrium points) are asymptotically stable up to a threshold Rayleigh number. Later, Hf bifurcation or chaotic motions sets in. The effect of an increase in the values of internal heat source and thermal anisotropic term delays the onset of the chaotic convection, whereas the Darcy number exhibits the opposite fashion. Further, the amount of heat transport is estimated at the lower boundary of an enclosure, and it is seen that the amount of heat transfer is maximum in the case of heat source, Darcy medium, and heterogeneous medium compared within the Brinkman medium in the presence of heat sink. 2025 The Physical Society of the Republic of China (Taiwan) -
Chaos in a triple diffusive system involving a viscoelastic fluid layer
This study investigates the linear and weakly nonlinear stability analysis in a Rayleigh-Bard configuration with a viscoelastic fluid layer influenced by two additional solutal components. The governing equations for both stationary and oscillatory convective regimes, and the critical point at which convection sets in is derived. The comparative analysis is performed for three different viscoelastic fluid models: Oldroyd-B, Maxwell, Rivlin-Ericksen fluid, along with the Newtonian fluid model. In weakly nonlinear stability analysis, a generalized eight-mode Lorenz model is developed that satisfies the general properties of a classical Lorenz model. From this reduced model, the critical points and Hopf-Rayleigh number, representing the initiation of chaos through Hopf bifurcation are determined. The Lyapunov exponents are used to characterize the chaotic, periodic and quasi-periodic motions of the system. The results show that the viscoelastic and triple diffusion parameters affect the initiation of convection and transition to chaos. It is also observed that the Maxwell fluid exhibits the earliest initiation of chaos and the Newtonian fluid the latest, with Oldroyd-B and Rivlin-Ericksen exhibiting intermediate behaviour. The presence of additional solutal concentrations delays the onset of chaotic motion. 2026 The Physical Society of the Republic of China (Taiwan). -
Construction of a waste-derived graphite electrode integrated IL/Ni-MOF flowers/Co3O4 NDs for specific enrichment and signal amplification to detect aspartame
A novel and cost-efficient electrochemical sensor was designed by immobilizing IL/Ni-MOF/Co3O4 nanodiamonds on the graphite (GE) electrode, marking the first application for the detection of aspartame. The graphite electrode was extracted and recycled from discharged batteries to serve as a working electrode. The nanocomposite features unique Co3O4 nanodiamonds, generated using Coriandrum sativum seed extract, alongside Ni-metal organic framework (MOF), which were synthesized through a solvothermal method. The conductivity and stability of the electrochemical sensor were enhanced through the incorporation of the ionic liquid (IL) ([BMIM][MeSO4]. The phytochemical profile of Coriandrum sativum seed extract, analyzed by GC-MS, identified key compounds involved in the synthesis of Co3O4 nanodiamonds. A comprehensive characterization of the nanocomposite was performed using UV-Vis, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TEM, optical profilometry, and AFM to confirm the structural and elemental modifications. Electrochemical characterization of the bare and modified electrodes was conducted through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The GE/IL/Ni-MOF/Co3O4 nanodiamonds modified electrode displayed enhanced electroanalytical performance for aspartame detection, characterized by signal amplification at +7.0 V. Quantitative analysis by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) revealed a linear detection range of 315 M for aspartame. A comparison of SWV and DPV revealed superior analytical performance for SWV, with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 1.02 M and 3.1 M (R2 = 0.993) compared to 1.81 M and 5.5 M (R2 = 0.986) for DPV. This study reveals the excellent adsorption capabilities of Ni-MOF and Co3O4 nanodiamonds (Co3O4 NDs), attributed to their high porosity and large surface area, paving the way for the development of affordable sensing devices for artificial sweeteners. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
TiO? and ZnO based ternary nanocomposites coupled with gC?N? and tetra-amino zinc phthalocyanine for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance
Electrocatalytic water splitting is a sustainable approach to address the energy crisis driven by the rapid growth of global population. The development of affordable and efficient electrocatalysts is inevitable in advancing the field. In the current study, TiO2NPs-TAZnPC-gC3N4 (TiO2 nanoparticles, tetra amino zinc phthalocyanine, and gC?N?) and ZnONPs-TAZnPC-gC3N4 (ZnO nanoparticles, tetra amino zinc phthalocyanine, and gC?N?) ternary nanocomposites have been prepared using a dispersion method. The structural identity of nanoparticles and the effective incorporation of additional moieties into the final system are validated using powder X-ray diffraction analysis and confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal the sheet-like structures of gC3N4 and TAZnPC, decorated with spherical TiO2NPs and hexagonal ZnONPs. The prepared ternary composites are evaluated for their electrocatalytic water splitting performance. In particular, the electrocatalysts reveal excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) capabilities with overpotentials of 420 mV and 450 mV for TiO2NPs-TAZnPC-gC3N4 and ZnONPs-TAZnPC-gC3N4, respectively. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Comprehensive and comparative analysis of sorbitan ester (Span) niosomes as emerging vesicular drug delivery platform: Fabrication, characterization, release dynamics, biocompatibility profiling and toxicological implications
To overcome the limitations and related adverse side effects of conventional drug delivery, niosomes, aka non-ionic surfactant vesicles, have emerged as an effective vesicular drug delivery system (VDDS) for the past few years. This study represents a comparative analysis of physico-chemical characteristics, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of synthesized sorbitan ester (Span) niosomal vesicles. In brief, Span 20, Span 40, Span 60 and Span 80 surfactants, along with equimolar concentration of cholesterol, were used to synthesize blank, Biochanin A (model hydrophobic drug) and Crocin (model hydrophobic drug) loaded niosomes. Characterization techniques unveiled that all niosomes were polydispersed sphericles with hydrodynamic diameter of 300 nm to 650 nm and PDI < 0.550. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UVvisible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis of drug loaded niosomes showed respective characteristic peaks of Biochanin A and Crocin, indicating effective drug encapsulation with EE% varying from 58.975 to 90.050. Among all formulations, Span 60 and Span 40 niosomes sketched satisfactory yield, drug encapsulation (EE%), loading efficacy (LD%), drug release and stability. Results obtained from in vitro biocompatibility study depicted that all niosomes had marked drug delivery efficacy with minimum cytotoxicity (<25 %) and haemolysis (<27 %) at 500 g/mL concentration. After a consecutive 14-day exposure to blank niosomes (100 mg/kg body weight) by intraparetonial injection, treated swiss albino mice exhibited little to no significant changes in body weight, organ weight, haematological and biochemical parameters, with normal hepato-renal histological characteristics. Thus, the study portrayed a mechanistic and comparative evaluation in vitro and in vivo applicability of niosomes with detailed sub-acute toxicological profiling. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Dual purpose behavior of Ni-PTC MOF for high performance supercapacitor and water splitting applications
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have elicited significant interest as next-generation materials for storing and converting energy, owing to their structural versatility and tunable physicochemical properties. In the present work, a nickel-based MOF, referred to as Ni-PTC, was synthesized via a straightforward method and explored for its dual functionality as a supercapacitor electrode and an electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the materials high surface area, hierarchical porosity, and excellent crystallinity. As a supercapacitor electrode, Ni-PTC delivered a high specific capacitance of 953.86 F g?1 at 1 A g?1 and demonstrated superior cycling durability, retaining 92 % of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. Its electrocatalytic performance was assessed for both hydrogen (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER), exhibiting overpotentials of 241 mV and 400 mV, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm?2. The catalyst also showed excellent operational stability, underscoring its potential in energy-related applications. 2026 Elsevier B.V. -
NorBlueNet: Hyperspectral imaging-based hybrid CNN-transformer model for non-destructive SSC analysis in Norwegian wild blueberries
Soluble solids content (SSC) is a vital parameter in blueberries, reflecting the concentration of dissolved sugars (primarily fructose and glucose) and directly influencing the fruit's sweetness, flavour, and ripeness. As part of this study, Norwegian wild blueberries were carefully hand-picked from a forest in Norway and subsequently imaged using a hyperspectral camera to capture their detailed spectral characteristics. This study introduces NorBlueNet, a hybrid CNN-transformer architecture, for accurately predicting SSC in wild blueberries through hyperspectral imaging and deep learning. This hybrid architecture combines CNN layers for local feature extraction and spatial hierarchy representation, followed by transformer layers that capture global relationships and long-range dependencies. The hybrid approach combines the computational advantages of CNNs with the advanced attention mechanisms of transformers, achieving enhanced accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted by comparing the proposed model with two additional deep learning models on the custom dataset. The results indicate that the NorBlueNet achieves the highest prediction accuracy, with an R2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.0136, and RPD = 9.3759 thereby demonstrating its superior performance. To foster community engagement, collaboration and facilitate re-implementation of our work, we have made our code available at:https://github.com/NorBlueNet. 2025 -
Stroke disease classification from computed tomography images using Inception Harmonic LeNet and wavelet- symmetrically weighted local gradient pattern features
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality, making prompt and precise diagnosis essential for effective treatment. Computed Tomography (CT) screening is crucial in identifying stroke types, particularly ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Existing automated methods lack the accuracy and consistency required for reliable stroke diagnosis. Therefore, a novel Inception Harmonic LeNet (InHLeNet) approach is devised for stroke disease classification. Initially, CT scans are collected and subjected to preprocessing, which is done using guided filtering and an improved Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST) threshold. The filtered images are then segmented using the Dimension fusion U-Net (D-UNet). Subsequently, augmentation is performed by local augmentation and self-augmentation, where local augmentation introduces localized variations within each CT image, and self-augmentation generates feature-guided transformations of lesion regions. Further, the wavelet transforms with Symmetrically Weighted Local Gradient Pattern (Wavelet-SWLGP) features are extracted. Lastly, stroke disease is classified using InHLeNet, which merges InceptionV3Net, LeNet, and Harmonic analysis. The performance of InHLeNet is assessed using several evaluation metrics, including accuracy, True Positive Rate (TPR), True Negative Rate (TNR), and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC). The results attained using the InHLeNet model is accuracy of 96.888%, TNR of 96.381%, MCC of 96.777%, and TPR of 97.988%, with image size, highlighting its effectiveness. 2026 Elsevier Ltd -
A reliable inter-domain routing framework for autonomous systems using hybrid Blockchain
Inter-domain networks face several routing challenges, such as security, scalability, and reliability concerns in existing BGP-based systems. These challenges are exacerbated by the increasing number of interconnected networks and the lack of a standardized approach for routing data between them. Hybrid Blockchain-based framework has proposed for inter-domain routing in autonomous systems in this research. The framework combines the use of traditional routing protocols with the distributed ledger technology of Blockchain. It leverages the salient features of both to create a more secure and efficient routing framework. The Blockchain component provides a decentralized and tamper-proof ledger for storing routing information, while the traditional routing protocols handle the actual exchange of data between autonomous systems. The framework is designed to enhance the security of inter-domain routing by incorporating the use of digital signatures and information sharing among participating autonomous systems. Each participating system maintains a copy of the distributed ledger and can verify the authenticity of routing information using digital signatures. It ensures that only legitimate and authorized data is transmitted between autonomous systems, mitigating the risk of malicious attacks or illegitimate routing. The proposed framework obtained 87.73 % Route calculation Speed, 90.41 % Route filtering, 93.77 % Fault tolerance, 94.10 % Load balancing, 95.54 % Hop count, 95.13 % bandwidth consumption, 93.94 % Security Management and 96.29 % Convergence time. The framework employs a consensus mechanism for updating and validating the routing information, ensuring consistency and accuracy in the routing decisions. It also reduces the reliance on a single central authority and distributes the decision-making process among participating systems. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Early detection of mental health disorders using machine learning models: An analysis based on behavioral and voice data
Mental illnesses are to be detected promptly and correctly to intervene effectively and in time. In this paper, a multi-stage NeuroVibeNet model of early mental disorders detection based on multimodal behavioral and voice data is proposed. It starts with the preprocessing of data that is high-quality and consistent, such as mean imputation, min-max normalization, outlier detection, noise reduction, and short-time energy extraction. The majority of the advanced methods employed in extracting temporal, spectral, and complex features include multiscale entropy, soft dynamic time warping, spectral contrast analysis, formant frequency analysis, and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network autoencoder. The feature selection is done via a sparse autoencoder that is used to maximize relevance and minimize redundancy. The chosen features are fed into the NeuroVibeNet architecture, where TabNet is used to process behavioral data, and Capsule Networks are used to process voice data to allow learning representations with attention and hierarchy. Lastly, a voting-based ensemble classifier uses the two modalities to combine the predictions to make strong classification decisions. The structure is coded in Python and tested on three benchmark datasets with the accuracy of 0.9839, 0.9856, and 0.9855, which is better than the current approaches. Copyright 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd. -
Electrospun PAN/TEMPO nanofiber electrode: Dual charge storage mechanism for supercapacitor applications
An advanced electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors was created by electrospinning a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) composite. Strong interfacial interactions between the PAN chains and TEMPO nitroxide radicals were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed partial suppression of the PAN nitrile (C tbnd N) vibrations. X-ray diffraction revealed increased short-range molecular ordering of PAN caused by TEMPO via dipoledipole interactions, without changing the semicrystalline structure. In morphological studies, the incorporation of TEMPO showed decrease in the fiber diameter and enhanced surface roughness as compared to PAN fibers, resulting in the interconnected nanofibrous network with enhanced electrolyte accessibility. A mesoporous architecture with a quantifiable surface area and pore volume was characterized by BET analysis. A higher D-to-G band intensity ratio was found by Raman spectroscopy, which quantitatively indicated the formation of defects and improved electrochemically active sites in the PAN/TEMPO composite. The PAN/TEMPO electrode facilitates a dual charge storage mechanism that combines electrical double-layer capacitance from the nanofibrous PAN matrix and pseudocapacitance from reversible TEMPO redox activity due to these synergistic structural and chemical modifications. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a stable energy density of 7.71 Wh kg?1 and a power density of 365.33 W kg?1, and the composite electrode provides improved capacitive performance in acidic electrolyte. Additionally, Raman and EIS studies were performed for the PAN/TEMPO electrode after performing 5000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles to check the stability of the material. Overall, this work provides a novel approach to design supercapacitor electrodes with a structuredefectredox synergy in TEMPO-modified electrospun PAN nanofibers. 2026 The Authors -
Theoretical insights into the role of nanoclusters in anticancer drug delivery systems
The present investigation focuses on the adsorption of Deguelin and Raloxifene, two potential anticancer drugs, on beryllium oxide (Be12O12) and magnesium oxide (Mg12O12) nanoclusters using advanced computational approaches. The pristine nanoclusters are first optimized for their structural and electronic properties, revealing unique geometric and electronic characteristics that influence their interaction with the drug molecules. Various initial configurations are explored to identify the most stable adsorption sites, with adsorption energies (Eads) indicating significant interactions between the drug molecules and the nanoclusters. The adsorption on Mg12O12 nanoclusters displays chemisorption behavior with higher Eads values, whereas Be12O12 nanoclusters exhibit physisorption, implying a weaker yet stable interaction. Furthermore, electronic structure analysis, including density of states (DOS) and HOMO-LUMO gap evaluations, indicated that drug adsorption alters the electronic properties of the nanoclusters, particularly for Be12O12, where a notable reduction in the band gap is observed. These findings suggest that Be12O12 and Mg12O12 nanoclusters hold promise as effective carriers for Deguelin and Raloxifene, offering insights into their potential application in targeted drug delivery systems. 2025 Elsevier B.V.