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Greening the Portfolio: Investor Insights into Sustainable Development Opportunities in India
Using an investor-centric approach, the present study examines investors' investment patterns toward green financing and factors influencing investor preferences, motivations regarding green investments, decision-making processes, and the development of green finance in the Indian financial sector. The objectives of the paper are twofold: first, using the bibliometric coupling, we identified the thematic clusters within green finance literature, revealing emerging trends and gaps and second, the impact of investors awareness and engrossment levels on their participation in green investments, especially in the Indian financial sector. The quantitative and qualitative methods employed in this study offered insights into how green finance is changing in India and what it means for sustainable development. The findings highlighted an intriguing pattern: youth investors, who have greater engagement and are more inclined toward green finance than their older counterparts. This tendency among the younger generation is not just a one-off event but reflects more significant changes in socioeconomic conditions and a growing awareness of environmental issues. It becomes clear that younger investors are aware of the need to protect the environment and are skilled at assessing the long-term sustainability and financial strength of green investment portfolios. The managerial implications of the study are relevant for academic researchers, practitioners, policymakers, financial regulators, issuers, and investors engaged in green finance. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
This is My Story: Role of Tibet Museum in Preserving Memory in Exile
Tibetans, driven out of their homeland, have been living a life of exile since 1959. As they grapple with the challenges of preserving, shaping, transferring, and negotiating collective and cultural memories of a distant homeland, the role of the Tibet Museum at Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh (the seat of the Tibetan government in exile) is pivotal. This chapter stems from an interest in understanding how the Museum serves aswhat Pierre Nora referred to asa site of memory for the Tibetans in exile to preserve the intergenerational memory. It tries to bring together the concepts of exile, culture, memory, and the institution of Tibet Museum to locate how it becomes a site of memory. How do the 9000-square-foot museum's permanent and temporary exhibitions institutionalise the memory of the imagined nation in exile? Of particular focus is the permanent exhibition titled I am a Tibetan, This is My Story housed at the Museum. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Climate Change, Risk Management, and ESG: An Indian Perspective
Abstract Mr. Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the United Nations Organization remarked that the world is reaching the tipping point beyond which climate change may become irreversible. If this happens, we risk denying present and future genera-tions the right to a healthy and sustainable planet that the whole of humanity stands to lose (RBI, Reserve Bank of India Publication, 2022). Climate change has negatively impacted humanity. It has become a focal point of discussion amongst researchers, academicians, and policymakers alike. It has become imperative for companies to assess and mitigate climate risks as a part of the sustainability journey. Many investors and lenders are integrating ESG aspects, including climate risk, into their investment decision-making processes. The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) intro-duced Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR), which is a comprehensive framework that seeks disclosures regarding the ESG performance of the companies (SEBI, 2021). However, one of the glaring issues is that most of the disclosures are voluntary in nature, and there are no penalties prescribed for non-disclosure by listed companies in India. In this chapter, we delve into risks posed by climate change on businesses and understand the significance of including the aspect of climate change in corporate planning and strategies. Another important aspect that has been discussed in the chapter is how ESG can be used to address the risks, issues, and challenges posed as a result of climate change. Further, a comparative approach has been adopted to understand the ESG policy framework in India and some prominent jurisdictions like the US, the UK, China, and Japan. We are of the view that framing policies related to mandatory ESG reporting for listed companies and compliance with ESG norms will be the deciding factor for the existence, future readiness, and sustainability of Indian businesses. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Climate Change, Risk Management, and ESG: An Indian Perspective
Abstract Mr. Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the United Nations Organization remarked that the world is reaching the tipping point beyond which climate change may become irreversible. If this happens, we risk denying present and future genera-tions the right to a healthy and sustainable planet that the whole of humanity stands to lose (RBI, Reserve Bank of India Publication, 2022). Climate change has negatively impacted humanity. It has become a focal point of discussion amongst researchers, academicians, and policymakers alike. It has become imperative for companies to assess and mitigate climate risks as a part of the sustainability journey. Many investors and lenders are integrating ESG aspects, including climate risk, into their investment decision-making processes. The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) intro-duced Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR), which is a comprehensive framework that seeks disclosures regarding the ESG performance of the companies (SEBI, 2021). However, one of the glaring issues is that most of the disclosures are voluntary in nature, and there are no penalties prescribed for non-disclosure by listed companies in India. In this chapter, we delve into risks posed by climate change on businesses and understand the significance of including the aspect of climate change in corporate planning and strategies. Another important aspect that has been discussed in the chapter is how ESG can be used to address the risks, issues, and challenges posed as a result of climate change. Further, a comparative approach has been adopted to understand the ESG policy framework in India and some prominent jurisdictions like the US, the UK, China, and Japan. We are of the view that framing policies related to mandatory ESG reporting for listed companies and compliance with ESG norms will be the deciding factor for the existence, future readiness, and sustainability of Indian businesses. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
ESG Reporting and Investment Choices: A Comparative Study of ESG Indices in India and Other Safe-Haven Assets
The landscape of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting and investment choices in India remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the relationship between ESG reporting and investment choices from a fast-emerging market such as India by conducting a comparative analysis of ESG indices in India, including the Nifty 100 Enhanced ESG Index., Nifty 50, and other safe-haven assets, such as gold, silver, and 10-year Treasury bond yield. From the results, it has been found that the average returns of the Nifty50 and Nifty100 ESG index are higher than the other assets, such as gold, silver, and 10-year treasury bonds. The results of the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model confirm the presence of volatility clustering in all study samples. Exponen-tial GARCH (E-GARCH) indicates a presence of leverage effect only for the equity indices Nifty 50 and Nifty100 ESG Enhanced index. The outcome of the Threshold GARCH (T-GARCH) signifies that bad news has a significant effect on volatility on Nifty 50, Nifty 100 ESG Enhanced, Silver, and Treasury bonds compared with good news except for gold. Thus, the findings of the study infer that investors could generate better returns by investing in companies that practice ESG. It also provides more avenues for the companies to raise capital, which strongly reports ESG prac-tices. The outcome of the results can help investors diversify their portfolios and rebalance their investment strategies. The Author(s). -
Digital Thinking Skills to Develop Twenty-first Century Skills of the Students in ELT Classroom
The prominence of developing twenty-first century skills has become inevitable in this digitalized era. The pivotal components of twenty-first century skills are problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, communication and creativity. The enhancement of these skills is immensely associated with thinking skills. Accordingly, the chapter aims to discuss the significance of implementing digital thinking skills in ELT classroom for fostering students twenty-first century skills in the digital scenario. Additionally, the chapter suggests the use of digital tools and techniques say digital writing and blogging, digital storytelling, online discussion forums, and multimedia projects in the English language classroom through activity-based pedagogy that can facilitate students to enhance their twenty-first century skills. As a result, this will enhance the student engagement in the classroom and have a positive impact on their motivation. Eventually, the chapter concludes that the incorporation of digital thinking in the English language classroom that would enhance the students learning experience and guides them to acquire the necessary skills to attain competent digital literacy. The chapter highlights the importance of integrating digital thinking skills into classroom teaching to prepare the students to encounter the challenges of the future. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
From Linear to Circular: A Holistic Strategy for Sustainable Development in Emerging Economies
The immediate upheaval for transitioning and slipping from mundane linear system to deliberately choosing sustainable and equitable circular economy system has been in airs, suggesting its shared benefits and changed outlook. The current research paper proposes a framework RE-GENO which supports the design of responsible circular economy practices and argues that this framework can act as a preliminary tool for improving and expanding the decision-making context for a more equitable transition through use of artificial intelligence. The research papers have discussed the idea of transitioning from linear economy that results in generation of large amount of waste to a circular economy which leads to sustainable form of consumption and have further highlighted the challenges followed by it and application of artificial intelligence in its transition. They have given different frameworks which could form base of transitioning into it but at the same time, there has not been enough insight on implementation of it in Indian based economy. This research paper brings up a modified version for a framework whose main aim is to provide a new base for moving to circular economy and focusing on strategies on its efficient implementation in developing nation like India. It is found that application of this framework in India requires multifaceted approach that integrates all aspects such as technology, education, government initiatives and monitoring through risk analysis to foster sustainable growth, production, and consumption. Hence, the paper suggests that successful implementation might open the way for more sustainable and efficient resource management strategies across a variety of businesses. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
The Impact of Government Initiatives on Sustainable Business Practices
This paper examines the evolving role of government initiatives in fostering sustainable business practices, with a focus on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a critical tool for aligning economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability. By analyzing the historical evolution of CSR and its current framework in India, including its mandatory implementation under the Companies Act, 2013, this study highlights the multidimensional aspects of CSR: environmental, ethical, philanthropic, and economic responsibilities. It also explores the strategic integration of CSR to meet stakeholder expectations, enhance competitiveness, and mitigate risks, illustrating its potential as a driver for sustainable development. The research further addresses mechanisms for legal compliance, inspection, and enforcement, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for businesses in adhering to CSR norms while contributing to broader societal goals. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Consumers Perspective Toward Fintech Disruption in Financial ServicesA Structural Equation Modeling Approach
For nearly a decade, banks have faced an unprecedented array of challenges, with shrinking revenues and intense pressure from consumers and regulators. Compounding this tough environment is a powerful new force that has emerged to challenge banks, financial technology (FinTech) firms. These innovative start-ups are striving to take a share of financial services customers, products, and revenue. Financial Consumer Demands for Tomorrows Digital Bank, investigated what consumers value from their main financial service provider and how well banks are meeting consumers needs. The study revealed a demand for value-added services that supplement traditional banking products, while also solidifying the importance of seamless, anytime/anywhere, omni-channel service channels. This study is such an attempt to analyze the consumer perspective based on the Fintech Disruption in Financial Services in Pune city among 150 respondents. The tools used for this study are ANOVA, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Hence, this study concludes that financial institutions have a lot on their plate: emerging competitors, shifting demographics, rising customer expectations, and changing regulations. Technology offers solutions, allowing financial institutions to cut costs and become more efficient at what they do. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Stakeholder Engagement Strategies and Sustainable Change: A Study of Indian Companies
Sustainability is the pathway to prosperity for humanity and businesses alike. It offers the best chance to adjust our course.Paul Polman. Sustainable business practices have become crucial for Indian companies aiming to balance profitability with social and environmental responsibility. These practices involve integrating sustainability into core business strategies, ensuring that operations are environmentally friendly, socially equitable, and economically viable. The dynamic business environment in India necessitates robust stakeholder engagement strategies for sustainable organizational success. Indian companies, operating within a complex socio-economic landscape, must prioritize effective stakeholder communication and collaboration to achieve long-term sustainability. This study explores various stakeholder engagement strategies implemented by Indian companies, using an assessment instrument called Management and Organizational Sustainability Tool (MOST), examining their impact on fostering sustainable change. By analyzing case studies and best practices, the study aims to highlight how Indian businesses can integrate stakeholder perspectives into their strategic planning, thereby enhancing resilience, trust, and overall performance in an increasingly interconnected world. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Objectives Effect on Investment Decisions: Retail Investors Knowledge and Views on Sector-Specific ESG Factors
Following the global financial crisis, Environmental, Social, and Governance discretion in stock market investment decisions has become necessary for sustainable development. Environmental, Social, and Governance consider investing qualities such as accountability, risk minimization, and long-term return. This study investigates how individual stock market investors perceive and are aware of Environmental, Social, and Governance concerns, as well as how the purpose of an investment influences how judgments are made regarding it. The studys sequential mixed research methodology begins with an interview and progresses to a cluster and snowball sampling procedure for a survey of stock market investors. The studys findings show how the Environmental, Social, and Governance factor moderates investment decisions, with implications for managers, investors, and regulators. Investors will be assured a long-term return on investment as well as accountability to the environment, society, and economic equilibrium, which could lead to sustainable development. It is also recommended that future research be performed in various states and countries with diverse causes and conceptions. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Revolutionizing Circular Business Practices with Waste Reduction and Resource Optimization
The concept of the circular economy (CE) offers a transformative solution to pressing global challenges such as resource depletion, waste generation, and environmental degradation. By shifting from the traditional linear take-make-dispose model to a closed-loop system, the CE principles aim to enhance resource efficiency and sustainability. This paper proposes a Waste Reduction and Resource Optimization (WRRO)-oriented circular business model, offering a comprehensive theoretical framework to guide businesses in optimizing resource utilization and reducing waste. Through the exploration of academic literature and a practical case study, the paper illustrates how businesses can effectively transition to circular business models. It also addresses the challenges businesses face during implementation, providing actionable insights for both theory and practice. The papers key contribution lies in integrating circular economy principles with resource efficiency strategies, offering a novel approach that supports both environmental sustainability and economic performance. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Cryptocurrency Conundrum: Understanding the Dynamics of Indian Consumer Intentions using an Extended UTAUT Model
This study aims to identify what drives cryptocurrency usage in Indian consumers. At a time when the whole world is warming up to the idea of cryptocurrencies, India has only recently come on the map after demonetization. This has left Indian cryptocurrency companies groping in the dark regarding truly understanding Indian consumers and their preference for cryptocurrencies. Thus, to achieve the purpose of this study, we administered an online survey and studied only those respondents who were Indian citizens and had ever bought or sold cryptocurrencies before. Then, we performed factor analysis by analyzing responses to the questions of our UTAUT model using SPSS and PLS Smart. The results showed that the best predictor of cryptocurrency was using the construct Access to Knowledge/News, implying that Indian consumers use of cryptocurrencies was directly proportional to the ease and availability of accurate information about cryptocurrencies. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte. Ltd. -
Fintechs Contribution to Supply Chain Finance Value Creation Via Banking and Financial Systems
In every business, finance takes an important role which does give birth to buyer and supplier. The market is growing due to an increase in the use of supply chain financing by SMEs to improve their cash flow operations resulting requirement to manage massive volumes and speeds of data in fintech industries propelling market to move forward. However, the market's expansion is hampered by a lack of global standardisation and government-imposed tight controls on the fintech industry. The potential of Blockchain technology (BCT) has been explored in the field of digital assets and digital currency. BCT provides automation with increased efficiency and speed, greater transparency, and enhanced security and traceability. Every challenge whether faced by the company in supply chain finance or the financial intermediary can be neutralised with the use of technology. Today, technology in finance or fintech is a booming area. Where every domain in business is using technology to improvise, finance is not behind. This emerging and ever-changing field of fintech is providing many opportunities for sophisticated supply chain finance. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte. Ltd. -
Hormone Balancing Through Nutrition:Nutritional Strategies and AI Tools to Balance Hormones Associated with PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes a worldwide disturbance in hormonal equilibrium, leading to a growing need for individualized, non-pharmaceutical therapies. Studies on AI-driven technologies in PCOS have uncovered a groundbreaking approach to regulating hormones through dietary changes. AI algorithms examine individual data, integrating genetics, biomarkers, and dietary habits to provide a distinct metabolic and hormonal profile. Suggested options consist of adaptable meal plans that can adapt to immediate fluctuations in blood sugar and hormones, maximizing nutrition to regulate hormones, reduce inflammation, and enhance general well-being. Additionally, these recommendations provide predictive insights to enable proactive alterations to ones diet. The comprehensive evaluation of limitations and moral considerations about AI highlights the necessity for human expertise and safeguarding of data privacy. Concrete instances from reality and current scientific investigation demonstrate the capacity of AI to enhance the capabilities of women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Proposing the integration of AI into evidence-based dietary practices anticipates a future in PCOS care that is tailored, proactive, and data-driven, with the ability to maximize hormonal equilibrium and improve womens well-being. This concise investigation provides significant perspectives for healthcare practitioners engaged in the treatment of PCOS and associated endocrine problems. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Feedstocks for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: Sugar-and starch-rich waste as fermentation substrates
Effective management of food and agricultural waste faces a crucial challenge in today's world, primarily due to the necessity to sustainably feed the ever-growing global population. A signifcant portion of this waste generated is plant waste, including both sugar-rich and starch-rich materials. These waste materials are often considered as non-product leftovers due to their perceived lack of economic value compared to the costs associated with their collection, storage, and recovery for reuse. However, by employing appropriate technological methods, such wastes can be utilized as feedstocks for the production of value-added products such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). PHAs are biodegradable polymers with a wide range of applications, offering an environmentally friendly potential substitute to the conventional plastics. Recycling plant wastes holds immense potential for application across various industries, ultimately leading to a reduction in the adverse impacts caused by their accumulation in the environment. This chapter delves into the utilization of plant wastes (sugar-rich and starch-rich wastes including beet molasses, sugarcane molasses, corn steep liquor, and starchy wastewater) for the production of PHAs. It discusses PHA recovery methods and characterization techniques crucial for evaluating the properties of PHA, thereby laying the groundwork for understanding the material quality and suitability for various applications. Additionally, diverse applications of PHAs, ranging from packaging materials to biomedical devices, are explored by highlighting the potential of utilizing plant wastes to contribute to a circular economy. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. All rights reserved. -
Polyhydroxyalkanoates as potential tools for denitrification of wastewater
Denitrification is the main process in water and wastewater treatment which plays the critical role in mitigating nitrate contamination and ensuring environmental and public health safety. Introduction of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in water treatment systems enables widening of its application in denitrification processes. Emphasising the importance of denitrification in water treatment helps to prevent the surge of nitrate concentrations, thereby hindering eutrophication and maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, there is an increasing urgency for the development of sustainable and efficient denitrification techniques to address contemporary challenges in water quality management. PHAs are produced by a variety of microorganisms under limited nutritional conditions and present themselves as promising candidate for denitrification due to their favourable characteristics which include biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to store carbon and energy. The current chapter delves with the mechanisms governing denitrification employing PHA along with the intricate biochemical pathways and metabolic processes involved. PHA serves a dual role as both a carbon source and an electron donor in denitrifying bacteria, aiding in the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas in anaerobic environments. The chapter furthermore addresses various factors such as substrate availability, microbial community composition, and environmental parameters which are affecting the efficiency of PHA-mediated denitrification. Despite the potential advantages, challenges impede the widespread adoption of PHA in denitrification processes. Technical constraints such as substrate availability, yield of PHA and reactor design, coupled with economic factors such as production costs, present significant barriers. Future research endeavours should prioritise optimising processes, surmounting technical and economic hurdles, and comprehending the ecological ramifications for water and wastewater treatment systems using PHA. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. All rights reserved. -
Tobacco Economics, Banks, and Mindful Solutions for Long-Term Sustainability
To sustain the incomes, one must implement multiple cropping systems for farmers who grow their crops in Indias tobacco industry. The inflation in urban/rural areas may signal tax evasion and require regulation. When standards are not met, trade in illicit products appears; it can negatively affect a countrys economic and environmental future. There is hope in reshaping mindfulness practices for tobacco control and public health. As of June 2024, the cigarette market volume in India is US$13,370.0 million. From 2022 to June 2024, Indias cigarette market volume increased to $1.29 billion. As of June 2024, Chinas cigarette market volume is $285,130 million, more than Indias. From 2022 to June 2024, Chinas cigarette market volume has increased by US $10,800 million. Chinas cigarette market volume has increased by US$ 9.51 billion more than Indias. Both Chinas and Indias cigarette consumption has increased. AI and virtual reality may aid addiction recovery. Comprehensive strategies, including establishing de-addiction centres, implementing psychoeducation, developing a new intervention manual, developing new interventions, developing new assessment tools, and policy changes, a need to reduce tobacco consumption and address underlying causes. Incorporating mindful methods, new assessment tools, and proper formulation into an economic approach can help curb tobacco consumption sustainably while improving public health. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Reel Therapy: Taking the Cinematic Route to Suicide Intervention
Suicide has been recognised as a significant public health concern by the United Nations, making effective interventions crucial to prevent loss of life and the ripple effect it has on the family and friends of the individual. Conventional therapeutic approaches tend to focus on talk therapy as a way to provide assistance to the individual in distress but emerging research evidences point towards the impact created by the use of auditory and visual stimuli. Reel therapy also known as movie therapy is one such intervention that aims at using films as a therapeutic tool. Studies suggest that movies can act as a powerful tool for creating insight and reducing stigma associated with seeking help when required. The chapter examines the theoretical foundation of reel therapy, reviewing associated concepts such as catharsis and symbolic representation in films. It explores how films can reduce emotions and provide a platform for the individuals to process their ideations and feelings related to suicide. Reel therapy exhibits potential to become a valuable addition to the ongoing efforts towards prevention of suicide, especially for populations that do not respond to the traditional intervention approaches. Through the chapter the authors attempt at emphasising the value of incorporating the universally loved phenomena of movies into suicide intervention as a complementary therapeutic tool, by bringing forth the unique strengths of reel therapy in facilitating emotional expression and assisting recovery. The chapter aims to contribute to growing literature on novel approaches to suicide intervention. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Reel Therapy: Taking the Cinematic Route to Suicide Intervention
Suicide has been recognised as a significant public health concern by the United Nations, making effective interventions crucial to prevent loss of life and the ripple effect it has on the family and friends of the individual. Conventional therapeutic approaches tend to focus on talk therapy as a way to provide assistance to the individual in distress but emerging research evidences point towards the impact created by the use of auditory and visual stimuli. Reel therapy also known as movie therapy is one such intervention that aims at using films as a therapeutic tool. Studies suggest that movies can act as a powerful tool for creating insight and reducing stigma associated with seeking help when required. The chapter examines the theoretical foundation of reel therapy, reviewing associated concepts such as catharsis and symbolic representation in films. It explores how films can reduce emotions and provide a platform for the individuals to process their ideations and feelings related to suicide. Reel therapy exhibits potential to become a valuable addition to the ongoing efforts towards prevention of suicide, especially for populations that do not respond to the traditional intervention approaches. Through the chapter the authors attempt at emphasising the value of incorporating the universally loved phenomena of movies into suicide intervention as a complementary therapeutic tool, by bringing forth the unique strengths of reel therapy in facilitating emotional expression and assisting recovery. The chapter aims to contribute to growing literature on novel approaches to suicide intervention. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.