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Polyaniline/zinc oxide nanocomposites for Dye-sensitized solar cell device fabrication and analysis
Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal technique are used as reinforcements to synthesize polyaniline nanocomposite via in-situ chemical oxidation method. The XRD analysis confirms the formation of polyaniline/zinc oxide nanocomposites. SEM images shows that nano reinforcement is covered with polymer matrix. Nanoparticles are found to be immersed in polyaniline matrix in the TEM images of nanocomposites. Significance of filler morphology in polyaniline nanocomposites is analysed by reinforcing zinc oxide nanoflowers, rods and spheres into polyaniline. Addition of metal oxide into polyaniline improves thermal stability. An increase of 227 % in UV absorption is observed for nanoflower composite compared to pure polyaniline in the absorption spectrum. Photoluminescence spectral analysis shows minimum peak intensity for polyaniline/zinc oxide nanoflower composite. Based on the optical property analysis, Dye-sensitized solar cells are fabricated by coating polyaniline and its nanocomposite with zinc oxide nanoflower. Power conversion efficiency of 5.23 % is obtained for the device based on pristine polyaniline and 7.03 % for nanoflower composite. 2026 Indian Chemical Society. -
Multi-variate LSTM with attention mechanism for the Indian stock market
The advent of attention mechanism has surpassed numerous benchmarks and enabled widespread progress in the realm of natural language processing (NLP). Nevertheless, they have not been adequately leveraged in a time-series context. Accordingly, this paper aims to address this issue by proposing a hybrid, deep-learning model that integrates attention mechanisms and multi-variate long short-term memory (LSTM) for financial forecasting in the Indian stock market. Our model yields superior results as compared to baseline and state-of-the-art models evaluated using MAE and RMSE. Moreover, we employed a modern evaluation criterion based on the methodology advocated by DieboldMariano, known as the DieboldMariano test (DM test), as a new criterion for evaluation based on statistical hypothesis tests. DM test has been applied in this study to distinguish the significant differences in forecasting accuracy between LSTM with attention and other models. From the results and according to DM-test it is observed that the differences between the forecasting performances of models are significant and that attention mechanism could enhance the accuracy in predicting stock prices by allowing the model to prioritize and concentrate on the most important features and patterns in the data while avoiding overfitting and noise. 2025 The Author(s) -
DFT study of structural and electronic properties of [Fe(CO)4(PbX)] complexes (X = O, S, Se and Te): Influence of terminal lead chalcogenide ligands on bonding and stability
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP level were performed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of axial and equatorial isomers of [Fe(CO)4(PbX)] complexes, where X = O, S, Se, and Te. Total energy evaluations indicate that equatorial isomers are generally more stable than their axial counterparts. Detailed bonding analysis was carried out using Natural Population Analysis (NPA) and Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA), providing insight into the nature of the FePbX interactions. The FePbX bond strengths were further assessed through Wiberg Bond Index (WBI) calculations. Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) analysis revealed HOMOLUMO gaps ranging from 3.04 to 3.97 eV, all of which are narrower than the corresponding gap in Fe(CO)5, suggesting enhanced electronic reactivity due to PbX substitution. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis indicated a greater electron density contribution from the Pb atom to the FePb bond, whereas for FeC bonds, carbon atoms contributed more significantly than Pb. These results collectively highlight the influence of terminal lead chalcogenide ligands on both the geometric and electronic structure of iron carbonyl complexes. 2025 Elsevier Inc. -
Electrical transport and magnetoresistance studies on the magnetic moment compensated Mn2V1-xCoxZ (Z=Ga, Al; x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) Heusler alloys
We report the electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance properties of arc-melted Mn2V1-xCoxZ (Z=Ga, Al; x =0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys, which possess compensated ferrimagnetic behaviour with high TC when x=0.5. Apart from metallicity, the alloys in the Ga series with x= 0, 0.75, 1 composition showed a positive to negative crossover in the magnetoresistance versus temperature curves. This crossover was absent for Mn2V0.75Co0.25Ga and the fully compensated ferrimagnet Mn2V0.5Co0.5Ga. In contrast to this, Co-substituted Mn2VAl exhibits distinctly different resistive behaviour. While the alloys Mn2VAl and Mn2CoAl exhibit metallic and semiconducting behaviour respectively, the intermediate compositions show a gradual metallic to semiconducting transition as the Co concentration increases. The compensated ferrimagnet Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al showed a mixed transport behaviour of metallic and semiconducting nature with a resistivity minimum at 140 K. In contrast to this mixed response of the arc-melted bulk sample, the Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al melt-spun ribbon shows a clear semiconducting nature throughout the temperature range, indicating that the sample preparation methods could highly influence the electrical properties of the investigated compensated ferrimagnets. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
On the fully compensated ferrimagnetism in Mn2V1-xCoxAl (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) Heusler alloys: An ab initio and neutron diffraction study
We present a detailed ab initio investigation on the interesting Heusler alloys Mn2V1-xCoxAl (x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1), which exhibit fully compensated ferrimagnetism with high Curie temperature for x = 0.5. Calculations were performed by incorporating various atomic anti-site disorders, and the minimum energy structure causing the fully compensated ferrimagnetic state with high Curie temperature in Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al was identified to be L 21 with Mn-Co disorder. This L 21 phase, along with the ferrimagnetic interaction among the parallelly coupled (Mn(A)-Mn(C)) and (V-Co) pairs, gives rise to the fully compensated ferrimagnetism in the half-metallic Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al Heusler alloy. Increasing Co concentration in Mn?VAl induces a change in structure from the L 2? phase to the X ? phase. The peculiar spin gapless semiconducting behavior of Mn2CoAl was evident from the ab initio results. Ab initio results have explained the previously reported anomalies in the electrical resistivity of Mn2V1-xCoxAl. Neutron diffraction analysis has confirmed, for the first time, that Mn2V0.5Co0.5Al has a disordered L 2? structure, which agrees with the ab initio results. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Process optimization of SLA-fabricated BN-reinforced photopolymer composites using ANOVA for improved tensile strength
This study examined how the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed photopolymer composites are affected by the inclusion of boron nitride (BN). Stereolithography technology was used to print BN-reinforced photosensitive resin composites with different BN weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%). The effect of process parameters - Material composition, build angle, post-curing time, and lift speed) on the tensile strength of the printed specimens were evaluated using a Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. The microstructure and elemental composition of the composites were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D638 Type IV, and the findings were assessed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. SEM and EDAX investigations revealed that BN was evenly distributed throughout the photosensitive resin matrix. The ANOVA results showed that post-curing time had the biggest effect on tensile strength (38.283 % contribution), followed by material composition (27.669 %), lift speed (16.265 %), and build angle (17.782 %). For the maximum tensile strength, the ideal set of process parameters was determined to be 1.5 wt percent BN, 90 build angle, 60 min post-curing time, and 60 mm per minute lift speed. Significant interactions between the parameters under study were displayed by interaction plots. This study offers important insights into optimizing SLA process settings for increased tensile strength and shows how BN-reinforced photopolymer composites can improve the mechanical properties of SLA-printed objects. Copyright 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V. -
One-pot sustainable synthesis of novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinones and their evaluation for antitubercular and anticancer activity
A novel green protocol for the construction of diversified pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinones was accomplished by a single-pot reaction of aryl aldehydes, Meldrum's acid, thiobarbituric acid, and ammonium acetate/aniline in H2O using ?-proline as an expeditious reusable catalyst at room temperature (26 C). Our strategy provides an innovative synthetic avenue for the construction of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinones, as well as several advantages over traditional methods, including a simple procedure, shorter reaction duration, excellent yields, safe handling, easy workup, catalyst recovery, and environmental compatibility. Furthermore, the synthesised compounds were tested for their impact on different cell lines and microorganisms. Compounds 5d and 5e were particularly effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (antitubercular), human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), lung cancer cells (A549 and NCI-H460), and both Gram-positive (S. pyogenes) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. The derivatives with hydroxyl and nitro substitutions [5e, 5f] showed the highest potency against MCF-7, A549, and NCI-H460 cell lines, with IC50 values of 3.684.36, 3.823.41, and 11.3412.28 g/mL, respectively. 2024 The Author(s) -
Catalytic potential of fluorescein under visible light irradiation: Enabling single-pot open flask synthesis of novel pyrazolyl methanesulfonamides
This groundbreaking study introduces a novel and efficient method for synthesizing a range of substituted pyrazolyl methanesulfonamides through a five-component cyclocondensation reaction. This reaction incorporates five different components, such as ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine, dimedone, benzaldehydes, substituted phenyl acetonitriles, and methyl sulfonyl chloride was made to react under visible light irradiation, with fluorescein serving as an effective catalyst and ethanol as solvent for 30 mintues. This method offers significant advantages, including simplified handling, higher yields of target products with shorter reaction times, and easier purification processes. We successfully synthesized around 15 novel pyrazolyl methanesulfonamide derivatives with high efficiency. Comprehensive spectral characterization confirmed the structural integrity and purity of these derivatives, demonstrating the robustness and versatility of this approach. Facilitated by visible light and utilizing fluorescein as a bio-friendly catalyst, this methodology is both green and sustainable. This innovative approach not only streamlines the synthesis of pyrazolyl methanesulfonamides but also holds considerable promise for advancing research and applications in fields such as medicinal chemistry and materials science. 2024 The Author(s) -
Facile green synthesis of MoO2/BiOCl nanocomposite using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract and its application in visible-light-driven oxidative transformations
This article describes a green approach for synthesizing MoO2/BiOCl nanocomposite using a combustion procedure with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract as a renewable fuel source, which also acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized material is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the successful formation of the nanocomposite. The photocatalytic performance of MoO2/BiOCl nanocomposite was evaluated for visible-light-driven oxidative transformations of different aromatic amines to nitroarenes. The unique structure of MoO?/BiOCl provides better accessibility to the reactant molecules, facilitating faster and more efficient oxidation. The advantages of this oxidative process are high catalytic efficiency, mild reaction conditions, recyclability, environmental sustainability, and producing nitroarenes in good to exceptional yields (6795 %). The conversion of the compounds was validated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The results demonstrated that the MoO2/BiOCl nanocomposite exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to its components, attributed to the synergistic effects between MoO2 and BiOCl. The use of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract in the synthesis is not only environmentally friendly and cost-effective but also contributes to the stability and efficiency of the nanocomposite. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Insights into the synergistic effect of V3S4 decorated Ti3C2 MXene as an electrode for asymmetric supercapacitor
As the globe moves toward sustainable energy options, effectively storing and managing energy becomes increasingly crucial. Advanced energy storage technologies can bridge the gap between energy generation and consumption, ensuring a reliable and stable supply even when renewable sources are intermittent. In this context, the rise of two-dimensional layered Ti3C2 MXene as a promising electrode for supercapacitors is particularly noteworthy, owing to its unique physical, chemical, and electrocatalytic attributes. Despite its potential, the immediate collapse and aggregation of MXene layers pose significant obstacles to their widespread usage in energy storage applications. This study explores advanced energy storage technologies using V3S4 coupled Ti3C2 MXene as electrodes in asymmetric supercapacitors. By combining the unique properties of V3S4 and Ti3C2 MXene, new avenues for improving the performance of supercapacitors are being unlocked. The experimental results indicate that the Ti3C2/V3S4 electrode exhibits an enhanced specific capacitance (Csp) of 1323.7 Fg-1 at a current density of 1 Ag-1, with an outstanding capacitance retention of 90.5 % after 2000 cycles. An assembled asymmetric supercapacitor, Ti3C2/V3S4//activated carbon shows superior energy storage efficiency, achieving a Csp of 258.4 Fg-1 at 2 Ag-1. The device exhibits a high energy density of 60.6 Whkg?1 at a power density of 649.2 Wkg-1, while holding onto a capacitance retention rate of 91.1 % over 10,000 cycles. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Fabrication of cobalt oxide@cellulose/nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes decorated metal organic frameworks composite for symmetric supercapacitor applications
The two main issues facing the world's population now are energy storage needs and environmental protection. A lot of work has gone into creating electrochemical energy storage using chemical processes and a variety of possible electrode active materials. Supercapacitors, which are energy storage devices with a unique structure and morphology of cellulose materials for green energy resource. In this regard, solid state hydrothermal process is used to fabricate Co3O4@Cellulose (CE), Co3O4@CE/N-MWCNT, and Co3O4@CE/N-MWCNT/ZIF-67 composite materials. XRD, XPS, BET, and HR-TEM analyses verified the structural, surface, and morphological analysis. The electrochemical studies by a three- and two-electrode fabrication in presence of 1M KOH electrolyte for supercapacitor applications. When 1M KOH electrolyte is present, the fabricated Co3O4@CE/N-MWCNT/ZIF-67composite electrode displayed exceptional cyclic stability and a specific capacitance of ?835 F g?1 at 1 A/g. The constructed composite electrodes of Co3O4, Co3O4@CE, and Co3O4@CE/N-MWCNT have specific capacitances of 263, 406, and 576 F g?1 at 1 A/g, respectively, which improves electrochemical properties using a three-electrode design. The Co3O4@CE-N-MWCNT/ZIF-67//1MKOH/SSC composite is produced using two electrode configurations. The final material showed a capacitance of 258 F g?1 at 1 A/g, a capacitance retention of 84.95 % across 8000 cycles, and an energy density of 30.99 W h kg?1 at a power density of 5409 W kg?1. Hence, the composite electrodes that have been produced have the potential to be used in electrochemical systems. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Optimized trimetallic CoNiFe phospho-boride electrocatalyst for overall seawater electrolysis
Utilizing abundant seawater for hydrogen production by electrolysis poses new challenges to electrocatalyst performance, demanding effectiveness, resilience, and selectivity for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) over undesired reactions in harsh saline conditions. Herein, trimetallic phospho-boride, CoNiFePB, was synthesized via a chemical reduction method by carefully tuning the concentrations of all elements for overall seawater splitting. The optimized CoNiFePB demonstrated superior OER activity, requiring only 239 mV to achieve 10 mA/cm2 in alkaline simulated seawater, outperforming bimetallic configurations (CoNiPB and CoFePB). The enhancement in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity was attained by adjusting the B/P molar ratio in CoNiFePB, resulting in a low overpotential of 137 mV. A comprehensive kinetic analysis revealed that Ni and Fe play crucial roles in enhancing the adsorption and desorption of the reactant and product, respectively, while Co serves as the active site for intermediate formation, collectively boosting the activity of the trimetallic CoNiFePB. While the electron modulation achieved by B and P triggers the formation of active sites and avoids chloride ion oxidation. The bifunctional CoNiFePB catalyst deposited on Ni foam (NF) demonstrated excellent durability for 10,000 cycles and maintained performance for 70 h in chronoamperometric testing at a high current density of 0.7 A/cm2, emphasizing its long-term stability in alkaline seawater. When integrated into an advanced seawater electrolyzer with a zero-gap assembly, CoNiFePB/NF achieved a current density of 2 A/cm2 at a cell voltage of approximately 2.43 V in alkaline natural seawater. These findings provide significant insights into electrocatalysis for seawater splitting with promising implications for commercial applications. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Synergistic enhancement of bifunctionality in Ni-doped VO2 (B) nanostructures: A pathway for improved water electrocatalysis
The global energy demand led to the exploration of techniques to produce green hydrogen, such as water electrolysis, as a future fuel for energy management. However, the efficiency of hydrogen evolution (HER) during this electrocatalysis is usually regulated by the proficiency of the catalyst in generating a facile oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, the robust bifunctionality of Ni-doped VO2(B) as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is investigated. The optical characterization uncovered the semiconducting nature of nanoflake-like VO2(B) nanostructures. Furthermore, optimizing Ni concentration resulted in significant reduction of overpotentials from 518 mV to 289 mV for HER and from 435 mV to 404 mV for OER under a current density of 10 mA/cm2. This excellent electrochemical efficiency of the Ni-doped VO2(B) nanostructures is further showcased by the low Tafel slope values of 129 mV/dec and 99 mV/dec for HER and OER, respectively. Consistent with these findings, the materials exhibited minimal charge transfer resistance of 57.1 ?, reinforcing the superior electrocatalytic activity. Additionally, the chronopotentiometric studies confirmed the long-term stability of the nanostructures. Altogether, Ni-doped VO2(B) nanostructures can be considered as a potential electrocatalyst for overall water electrolysis, laying the foundation for a sustainable energy future. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
One dimensional NiMn2O4 nanofibrous architectures for symmetric supercapacitor device
In this study, NiMn2O4 nanofibers are synthesized using an electrospinning method. The NiMn2O4 nanofiber films, coated on stainless-steel substrates, are electrochemically characterized in different electrolytes, including KCl, KOH, NaOH, and Na2SO4. The study explores how the choice of electrolyte influences the specific capacitance, galvanostatic charge-discharge behavior, cycle stability, and capacitance retention of the NiMn2O4 nanofiber electrodes. NiMn2O4 electrodes in KOH exhibit superior performance at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, with an areal capacitance of 2125 F/g. The higher capacitance in KOH is attributed to its high ionic conductivity and efficient ion mobility. Additionally, the NiMn2O4 nanofiber electrodes demonstrate excellent cycle stability, with 76.38 % capacitance retention in 1 M KOH. These results suggest that 1D NiMn2O4 nanofiber electrodes deliver superior electrochemical performance in KOH compared to other aqueous electrolytes, highlighting their potential for future electrochemical energy storage applications. Furthermore, the flexible symmetric supercapacitor device shows excellent flexibility and electrochemical stability, with specific energy of 660 Wh/kg and specific power of 140 kW/kg obtained at a current density of 2 mA/cm2. These findings indicate that 1D NiMn2O4 nanofibers, particularly in 1 M KOH, are promising candidates for high-performance supercapacitor applications, paving the way for advancements in electrochemical energy storage devices. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Evaluating the electrochemical performance of single and multiple heteroatom doped carbon black from waste tires for supercapacitor application
With the growing emphasis laid on the research related to energy storage systems, the need for cost-effective and efficient materials is quintessential. The present work reports a comprehensive study and a promising strategy to enhance the electrochemical behaviour of Carbon Black derived from waste tires by the incorporation of heteroatoms such as Nitrogen and Sulfur into the system. The study investigates the electrochemical performance of Carbon Black with single doping, and further examines the enhanced performance with co-doping. While the Nitrogen-doped Carbon Black exhibits a specific capacitance of 97.63F/g, the Sulfur doped Carbon Black exhibits 141.8F/g and the co-doped Carbon Black exhibits an enhanced specific capacitance of 233F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in the two-electrode system. A significant improvement in the specific surface area is achieved in the materials with post-doping techniques. Furthermore, the co-doped Carbon Black provides superior electrochemical behaviour with sustained energy density of 30Wh/kg even at a higher power density of 5.6kW/kg with an improved cyclic stability of 91% over 5000 cycles. Thus, effective valorization of Carbon Black recovered from waste tires enables the development of efficient and affordable electrode material for the fabrication of supercapacitors. 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Nanoarchitechtonics of high surface area carbon material for coin cell supercapacitor application
Advancing energy storage systems thrive on innovative electrode materials, balancing sustainable synthesis with enhanced electrochemical performance. In the present work, a feasible approach for developing a carbon derivative exhibiting all the promising features of a superior electrode material is reported. Nitrogen and Sulfur are strategically incorporated into the carbonaceous material along with Potassium-based activation, such that additional pseudocapacitance, along with an enhanced surface area are achieved. Carbon derived from charcoal is co-functionalised with Nitrogen and Sulfur via a two-step pyrolysis technique, resulting in a material that exhibits improved surface area of 1488.8m2g?1 and enhanced electrochemical performance. It showcases a gravimetric capacitance of 689Fg?1 and 295Fg?1 at 1Ag?1, corresponding to the three and two-electrode setups respectively. A gravimetric capacitance of 425Fg?1 is maintained at a high current density of 50Ag?1 with a capacitance retention of 61.6 %. A sustained energy density of 20.50W h kg?1 at a power density of 3.1kWkg?1 is achieved by this material with a stability of 94 % for 5000 cycles at 2Ag?1. In addition, coin cells fabricated with the as-prepared material demonstrated the real-world feasibility by illuminating LEDs of different colors. 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Hybrid bimetallic sulfide (FeCoS)-doped conductive polymer as efficient oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst for direct seawater electrolysis
Seawater electrolysis is critical for sustainable hydrogen production, especially in regions facing freshwater scarcity. However, chloride ions compete through parasitic reactions, such as the chlorine evolution reaction, creating a serious challenge that reduces catalytic activity and durability. Herein, a hybrid electrocatalyst composed of FeCoS embedded in a polyaniline matrix (FCS-PANI) is synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. This fabricated composite combines the benefits of the high catalytic activity of FeCoS and the corrosion resistance of the conductive polymer (PANI). Structural analysis establishes the formation of a uniform nanocomposite with strong metalsulfur and metalnitrogen interactions. Advanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a low overpotential of 327?mV at 30?mA?cm?2 and a Tafel slope of 38.67?mV dec?1 is achieved through electrochemical testing in alkaline seawater. High stability, low degradation (0.3?mV?h?1) over 500?h of operation, and 99.97% hydrogen purity are observed upon integration into an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), indicating its practical potential for seawater electrolysis. 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Aggressive driving and ADHD symptoms in young male drivers: Examining the roles of personality traits and driving anger
Introduction Aggressive driving behaviors are linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, yet the moderating roles of personality traits and driving anger remain underexplored, particularly among two-wheeler riders in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined associations between aggressive driving violations and ADHD symptom severity, focusing on neuroticism and driving anger as moderators. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 150 male postgraduate two-wheeler riders in India. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, aggressive driving violations via the Extended Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, driving anger using the Deffenbacher Driving Anger Scale, and personality traits through the 10-item Big Five Inventory. Multiple regression and moderation analyses were performed. Results Aggressive driving violations significantly predicted ADHD symptom severity (p < .001), independent of driving anger and neuroticism. A marginal interaction with neuroticism (p = .068) suggested a stronger association at lower neuroticism levels. Driving anger did not significantly moderate this relationship. Age and helmet non-use were also independently associated with ADHD symptoms (p = .045 and p = .024, respectively). Conclusions Aggressive driving violations show a stable association with ADHD symptom severity in young male two-wheeler riders in an LMIC context, with preliminary evidence for neuroticism as a moderator. These findings underscore the need for personality-informed interventions addressing self-regulatory and behavioral aspects of driving behavior in ADHD populations. 2025 Elsevier Ltd. -
Dual strategy for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: Phosphorus doping and cobalt boride co-catalyst loading on g-C3N4
Despite being promising for the removal of ever-growing pharmaceutical contamination from water, the g-C3N4 photocatalyst still faces roadblocks to implementation due to its intrinsic properties, for example, the limited visible light absorption, reduced charge separation capacity, and low mobility of photo-excited electrons. Doping with non-metals and loading with the co-catalyst is an effective approach to overcome the abovementioned limitations for the g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Herein, both these strategies are integrated in cobalt-boride loaded on phosphorous-doped g-C3N4 (CoB/P-g-C3N4) by facile chemical fabrication routes. Detailed morphological, structural, chemical, and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that phosphorus doping effectively reduces the bandgap of g-C3N4 to absorb more visible light. Uniformly distributed CoB-nanoparticles create local Schottky barriers that trap photo-generated electrons from g-C3N4 to suppress charge carrier recombination. The optimized CoB/P-g-C3N4 photocatalyst produces ~35 times higher degradation rate constant than the pristine g-C3N4 for the photocatalytic removal of tetracycline antibiotics from water under visible light irradiation. Combining these advantageous features with cost-effective and stable elements, CoB/P-g-C3N4 offers an optimal solution for tuning the intrinsic electronic structure and surface reactivity of g-C3N4, making it highly effective for various photocatalytic applications. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
A statistical approach to study anatomical changes of pink guava cultivar (Psidium guajava L. cv Arka Kiran) during its ripening at the room temperature storage
The ripening of climacteric fruit like guava is a complex process that is highly coordinated with its cellular backbone. In the present study, we combined microscopy, spectrophotometry, and statistical analysis to evaluate the anatomical changes in the pink variety of guava during five ripening stages (pre-ripe, ripe, color-turn, half over-ripe, and over-ripe) during its storage at room temperature (282 C). The cholorophyll content of the peel, as determined by the measurement of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, showed a significant decrease during the maturation process (4.05, 4.53, and 8.62 ?g/cm2, respectively, in the pre-ripe stage to not detectable in the over-ripe stage). Gradual loss of integrity of the fruit pulp (pericarp) from the preserved bee-hive structure to cell mass was also monitored by studying the cellular anatomy with brightfield and scanning electron microscopy. The epidermal thickness and width of the cortical parenchyma cells revealed statistical differences from the initial pre-ripe stage to the final full-ripe stage. Finally, based on the cellular dimensions, multivariate analysis using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) tool grouped the stages into three clusters, namely, pre-ripe: ripe, color-turn: half-over ripe, and over-ripe stages. In conclusion, this study provided significant insights into cultivar-specific anatomical changes in guava fruit, with potential for future research to develop variants with longer post-harvest storage life. 2024 The Author(s)