Browse Items (16481 total)
Sort by:
-
ON TRANSFORMED GRAPHS
The network systems and graphical analysis through the study of structural characteristics is a vast field of growing importance in research. Topological indices have a significant and crucial role in the study of structureproperty relationships. In this paper, we examine constructional transformed networks constructed by unique vertex-edge incidence and mutual adjacency associations. Expressions for the first and second hyper Zagreb indices and co-indices of these transformed networks and their complements are obtained. 2023, RAMANUJAN SOCIETY OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES. All rights reserved. -
Using Behavioural Economics to Analyse and Enhance Contraception Usage Decisions
Existent literature helped narrow down variables influencing modern contraceptive adoption (usage), a behaviour carrying enormous positive externality. Using finite population sample size formula and probability proportional to size method of sample selection, primary data was collected from participants using inclusion and exclusion criterions. Binary logistic regression model was used to predict probability of occurrence of dependent variable usage of modern method of contraception being treated at a dichotomous outcome level. Predictor variables after confirming association by cross tabulation were introduced stepwise to build model subject to elimination of those variables adding insignificantly to the overall predictability of the model. Variables such as gender, education level, spousal influence, extended family influence, financial well-being and contraceptive information were found to significantly predict the probability of occurrence of the dependent variable. Except for financial well-being with three sub-categories, other independent variables were treated at dichotomous level. Income level was found to be an important predictor although found statistically insignificant. Non-contributory factors such as age, occupation and years of marriage were dropped. Post-model construction, borrowing nudges from behavioural economics (BE) domain, strategies to nurture the significant context specific influencing variables, were articulated. BE was particularly preferred for its openness to the paradigm of non-rational behavioural choices. 2022 SAGE Publications. -
Should we judge phcs by only iphs guidelines or probe further?
Background: Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) evaluates supply side compliance of Primary Health Centers (PHCs). Patient Satisfaction (PS) on the other hand, assesses the demand side. Objective: Examining the supply side compliance and relating it to PS in the domain of Reproductive Health (RH). Methods: Using multistage stratified sampling, six rural and three urban PHCs in sub-districts, Ramanagara and Channapatna, in District Ramanagara, state of Karnataka, India, were chosen. Information collected using IPHS proforma for PHCs was compared with PS questionnaire (PSQ 18) data, collected from 398 patients visiting these facilities. Results: Using descriptive and inferential analysis, sub-optimal compliance levels in ease of access, physical & human infrastructure, patient data and usage of untied funds was found. Existing behavioral compliance was found to be optimal. These findings were in alignment with PS findings. Conclusion: Results call for PHC capacity building, incentivization and a crucial need to look into PS side, before passing judgement about performance standard. 2020, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved. -
Are muslims incurring higher out-of-pocket expenditures than hindus in reproductive healthcare at sub-district levels in Karnataka?
Background and Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate level of differences found in Out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) among Hindus and Muslims, OOPE being a sub-component while constructing reproductive health account (RHA) matrices for Ramanagara district, Karnataka. Method: Adopting multistage stratified sampling method, individual level data was collected using survey tools, catering to six dimensions of RH functions, taken from WHO Guide to produce RH Sub-Account. 517 Hindu and Muslim men and women meeting inclusion criteria of reproductive age (15-49) incurring RH expenditures in last one year were included followed later by only 382 uninsured individuals for hypothesis testing. Results: Muslims showing almost double OOPE in RH necessitated hypothesis testing of significant difference in OOPE, equating groups, post exclusion of insured individuals. Statistically significant difference was revealed in RH expenditures using Mann-Whitney U test. Interpretations and conclusions: Vicious cycle of disparity in education levels, lower income levels, negligible health coverage, strenuous work conditions, poor living standards, repeated RH contingencies leading to massive borrowing financed OOPE in RH continues. 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved. -
-
Intelligent Multi-modal Data Processing
A comprehensive review of the most recent applications of intelligent multi-modal data processing Intelligent Multi-Modal Data Processing contains a review of the most recent applications of data processing. The Editors and contributors noted experts on the topic offer a review of the new and challenging areas of multimedia data processing as well as state-of-the-art algorithms to solve the problems in an intelligent manner. The text provides a clear understanding of the real-life implementation of different statistical theories and explains how to implement various statistical theories. Intelligent Multi-Modal Data Processing is an authoritative guide for developing innovative research ideas for interdisciplinary research practices. Designed as a practical resource, the book contains tables to compare statistical analysis results of a novel technique to that of the state-of-the-art techniques and illustrations in the form of algorithms to establish a pre-processing and/or post-processing technique for model building. The book also contains images that show the efficiency of the algorithm on standard data set. This important book: Includes an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art applications of signal and data processing Contains contributions from noted experts in the field Offers information on hybrid differential evolution for optimal multilevel image thresholding Presents a fuzzy decision based multi-objective evolutionary method for video summarisation Written for students of technology and management, computer scientists and professionals in information technology, Intelligent Multi-Modal Data Processing brings together in one volume the range of multi-modal data processing. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Conclusion
Digital data produced through data-processing algorithms has fundamental advantages of transportability, proficiency, and accuracy; but on the other hand, the data thus produced brings in several redundancies. To solve this challenging problem with data transmission in network surroundings, research on information security and forensics provides efficient solutions that can shield the privacy, reliability, and accessibility of digital information from malicious intentions. Despite two decades of rigorous research, multicarrier communications still suffer from high complexity and low convergence, which have an immense practical impact. It is also more challenging to ensure proper transmission of multimodal data. Novel techniques have been proposed that can effectively abate these problems and provide good symbol error rate performance. The singularity expansion method provides a superior way to identify targets. This type of method may be useful for addressing contemporary problems faced by radar and antenna researchers. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Introduction
In the digital era, signal processing has found application in daily life from medical diagnosis to social networking. The digital domain has evolved as the preferred choice in communication system design due to its advantages over analog systems, such as high-speed transmission, improved quality, and effortless copying with high precision. The advancement of digital media brings new opportunities. The internet boom of this millennium has allowed digital data to move around the world in real time. Efficient segmentation, recognition, and analysis of multidimensional data such as hyperspectral images, medical imaging, data analysis in social media, and audio signals are still challenging issues. Digital data produced through data-processing algorithms has the fundamental advantages of transportability, proficiency, and accuracy of information content; but such data is also at significant risk because perfect illegal replicas can be made in unlimited numbers. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
A Novel Ridge Estimator for the Liu-Type Logistic Regression Model and Its Application to Demographic Data from Urban Slums in Karnataka
This study introduces new ridge estimators for the Liu-type logistic regression model which helps to improve the model performance if multicollinearity is present in the independent variables. Logistic regression is the regression that helps to model binary outcomes but it provides inaccurate and unstable regression coefficients in the presence of multicollinearity. As a result of this, the variance might increase and the predictive accuracy of the model gets reduced. To overcome this issue, the Liu-type logistic regression is used which uses ridge and Liu parameters to provide stable and accurate regression coefficients. Several ridge estimators are proposed in this study based on the Liu-type logistic model which can handle multicollinearity and give better predictive performance of the model. The proposed estimators have been tested on the demographic dataset from Urban Slums in Karnataka and through the empirical analysis it is observed that one among the new ridge estimators give the lowest Mean Square Error (MSE) when compared to the existing ridge estimators. The results show the usefulness of the new estimators to improve the performance of the model and also contribute to the betterment of the logistic regression techniques. This work highlights the critical need to handle multicollinearity in regression analysis and sets the path for researchers to further improve the estimators in the future. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Smart grid and energy management in smart cyber-physical systems (SCPS)
[No abstract available] -
Effect of crude oil price changes on macro economy and capital market of India
Oil symbolizes an important role in the global economy. Crude oil or petroleum is an indispensable and a contributing factor for any economy. Several international crude oil price benchmarks (Brent, WTI, OPEC and so on) have always been tested through empirical studies to established certain cause-effect newlinerelationship and to determine their predictability. However, literature evidence is limited to Indian basket. Moreover, the need for forecasting this benchmark has newlinenot been acknowledged by the scholars. International crude oil price of Indian newlinebasket, also termed as Indian basket crude oil price, is the base of any petroleum newlineproduct pricing in India. Importing crude oil enhance the trade deficit of the nation. The present scenario of the global petroleum industry and the relationship among the major oil-producing and exporting countries are vulnerable. This situation increases the supply-side risk for the major oil-importing countries like India. In this state of affairs, it is vital to find out the factors that influence this price benchmark to reduce uncertainty. This research work aims to provide a holistic picture of the international crude oil price of Indian basket, considering the present scenario of the oil industry and lack of scholarly work on this field. Where on one side, the external factors affecting crude oil price has been determined, on the other hand how Indian economy and capital market is affected newlineby this price change have been found out. Triangulation method under a mixed approach has been adopted for this research work where quantitative and qualitative data collection have been run simultaneously. The time frame of the quantitative data collection is April, 2000 to March, 2018 and the frequency is newlinemonthly. Twenty experts have been interviewed to capture the qualitative aspects associated with the models. Four models have been proposed to execute the objectives. -
-
Marital Arrangements and Womens Autonomy: The Narratives of Tibetan Women in Exile
There has been a shift from the previously dominant polyandrous marital arrangements to monogamous arrangements, upon exile, among the Tibetan refugees in India. This article attempts to examine the autonomy of Tibetan women in exile across polyandrous and monogamous marital arrangements through the lens of modernisation and feminist theoretical frameworks. A thematic narrative analysis of 30 Tibetan participants in both marital arrangements has helped in comparing womens autonomy in the domains of inheritance and division of property, household decision-making and with respect to childrens education and occupation. Even though modernising forces partially explain the shift from polyandry to monogamy, the narratives of women belonging to both the monogamous and polyandrous families lend support to the feminist framework suggesting the role of internalisation of social norms and self-abnegation as negatively affecting their autonomy. 2025 CWDS. -
Exploring the Power of Agency in Womens Non-farm Business Participation
The relationship between rural womens agency and their non-farm self-employment is explored. Using a sequential explanatory design and nationally representative India Human Development Survey data, it is shown that agency outcomes, such as household decision-making, freedom of movement and group memberships, are crucial for womens participation and their roles in non-farm businesses. Additionally, personal in-depth interviews with self-employed women in rural West Bengal and Karnataka reveal how they navigate and negotiate within business environments despite existing constraints. 2026, Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
ON THE INDICES OF CERTAIN GRAPH PRODUCTS
Molecular descriptors are numerical graph invariants that are used to study the chemical structure of molecules. In this paper, we determine the upper bound of the Sombor index based on four operations involving the subdivision graph, semi-total point graph, semi-total line graph, and total graph related to the lexicographic and tensor product. The exact expressions of the first reformulated Zagreb index and the second hyper-Zagreb index of the tensor product are formulated on the basis of the four significant graphs. Further, the descriptors for certain standard graphs are obtained and the graphical comparison for the first reformulated Zagreb index has also been illustrated to understand the result better. 2025 University of Isfahan -
Bounds on Sombor index of graph operations
Operations in graph theory have a significant influence in the theoretical and application aspect of the domain. Topological indices serve as a crucial component in chemical graph theory linked with some molecular structure. Recently, Gutman initiated the study on the Sombor index. In this paper, the computation of some bounds for Sombor index of graph operation notably join, cartesian product, corona product, lexicographic product, tensor product and strong product is carried out. The computation has been utilized to determine the upper bounds of the index for the specified graph operations for some standard graphs like the path and cycle graphs. 2025 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Reimagining Healthcare: The South African PPP Revolution
Publicprivate partnerships (PPPs) are rapidly being recognized as transformative methods for improving healthcare delivery and funding, particularly in resource-constrained environments. Global and national policy frameworks, supported by organizations such as the African Development Bank (AfDB) and the World Health Organization (WHO), emphasize the potential for PPPs to fill significant gaps in healthcare infrastructure and service delivery. Countries across Africa, notably South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, and Rwanda, have put in place national PPP frameworks that formalize partnerships in healthcare, focusing on risk sharing, accountability, and sustainability. South Africas National Treasury PPP Unit is a regional pioneer in promoting PPP development that balances private-sector innovation with governmental control. Such frameworks allow PPPs to mobilize private resources, enhance public spending efficiency, and provide access to high-quality healthcare, particularly in marginalized communities. Despite positive developments, PPPs in African healthcare confront hurdles due to fragmented legal frameworks and low institutional capacity to manage complicated contracts. The AfDBs 20212031 PPP strategic framework seeks to fill these gaps by providing African States with resources to establish enabling environments and prepare viable healthcare projects for the market. Diverse models in South Africa and other countries, such as Kenyas Managed Equipment Services (MES) and Ghanas BuildOperateTransfer (BOT) programs, show how adaptable PPPs can improve healthcare finance and delivery. However, current regulatory frameworks are complicated and often disconnected, emphasizing the need for unifying legal standards to assure transparency and accountability. This chapter highlights the insights that present a strong PPP model adapted to healthcare financing. It highlights the necessity of transparent systems, good risk management, and combining publicprivate expertise to handle current healthcare concerns. PPPs can improve healthcare accessibility and quality, increase patient satisfaction, and strengthen healthcare systems by promoting improved governance, policy consistency, and capacity building. Strategically honed, PPPs can drive long-term breakthroughs, positioning healthcare systems better to address the changing demands of African communities and beyond. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Wasswa Shafik, Adel Ben Youssef, Chithirai Pon Selvan and Pushan Kumar Dutta; individual chapters, the contributors. -
A study towards constructing a reproductive health account as sub-account of health at sub-district level of India
Reproductive health is a state where everyone of the reproductive age cohort can make informed choices based on their reproductive health needs and reach a state of bliss and well-being. Informed choices are a possibility only if there is awareness regarding options of healthcare available. Awareness further indicates capacity to measure the worth of the options available in hand. One major aspect of measuring this worth is dominated by the financial aspect of awareness. -
Integrating Simple Temporal Attention for Improved Video Summarization
Simple Temporal Attention (STA) in video summarization can improve deep learning model performance while tackling complexity and multi-view dependency problems. Many of the current models are too complex and dependent on multi-view setups to be scalable in single-camera settings. The suggested STA mechanism reduces model complexity without sacrificing accuracy, making it easier to recognize important moments in videos. To further increase the efficacy of summarization, a spatio-temporal mechanism is also introduced to capture crucial dynamics between video frames. The approach is evaluated on two benchmark datasets, UCF50 and TVSum, demonstrating significant improvements in model performance. This study provides a scalable solution for video summarization by highlighting the useful advantages of integrating STA for producing succinct and informative video summaries through a comparison of different deep learning. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.