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Climate predictors in Indian summer monsoon forecasting: a novel De-correlated RVFL ensemble strategy
Excessive rainfall and droughts harshly impact India's social and economic growth. Though several statistical methods have been used in literature to predict Indian monsoons, uncertainties cannot be ruled out. The accuracy prediction of ISMR (Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall) is scientifically demanding. From this perspective, it is essential to explore exploiting machine learning techniques. In this paper, a novel De-correlated Regularized Random Vector Functional Link Neural Network Ensemble (DRRNE) prediction approach was proposed using Climate Predictors such as Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SST), El-Ni Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Dipole Mode Index (DMI) to predict ISMR. The proposed work has also investigated the predictability of climate above predictors using the DRRNE approach to predict ISMR. In addition to the predictors above, the data for an 8-year training window time series for June to September is combined and analyzed for four predictors (ENSO, DMI, SOI, and SST) to derive another predictor, ENSO-DMI-SOI-SST (EDSS). It is found that the combination of these four predictors- the EDSS- produces better accuracy than using any of the individual predictors in this study. Among the individual predictors (ENSO, DMI, SOI, and SST), the DMI predictor has shown the best predictability for ISMR prediction. Thus, the suggestedstudy concludes that the DRRNE technique with negative correlation learning may be a suitable tool for predicting the ISMR using the combined outcome of the four climate predictorsas mentioned above. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Climate policy uncertainty and corporate investment: A governance and life cycle approach
This study investigates the relationship between Climate Policy Uncertainty (CPU) and Corporate Investment (CI). Further, assert that better corporate governance reduces the negative impact of climate policy uncertainty on corporate investment. Additionally, we evaluate that the negative impact of CPU on CI varies according to the different life cycle stages of the firm. We utilised the panel data of 548 Indian non- financial listed firms from 2010 to 2023. We use fixed effect regression to examine the relationship between CPU and CI. This paper has the following main conclusions: There is an inverse relationship between CPU and CI, suggesting that corporate investment declines as climate policy uncertainty increases. Furthermore, when considering the moderating effects of firm lifecycle and corporate governance, strong governance practices lessen the detrimental impact of CPU on investment. Additionally, firms react differently to CPU depending on the stage of their lifecycle. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Climate Performance and Firm Valuation: A Meta-Analysis of Tobins Q in the Post-IPCC AR6 Era
This study examines whether corporate climate performance is reflected in firm valuation by synthesising recent empirical evidence, using Tobins Q as a forward-looking indicator of market expectations. Employing a random-effects meta-analysis of 30 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 across multiple industries and regions, the findings reveal a modest yet statistically significant positive association between stronger climate performance and higher market valuations, suggesting that investors increasingly incorporate climate-related information into firm pricing. Contrary to prevailing assumptions in the literature, proactive climate strategies, such as emissions-reduction initiatives, do not systematically generate greater valuation benefits than disclosure-oriented approaches; both exhibit comparable positive effects. Similarly, valuation outcomes do not differ materially between self-reported and externally verified climate data. Meta-regression analysis identifies data source as the only statistically significant moderator, although its influence remains nuanced. Overall, the results indicate that climate performance enhances firm valuation in a context-dependent manner, challenging the view that only proactive strategies or externally verified data are uniquely rewarded by financial markets. The study contributes to the sustainable and corporate finance literature by clarifying how capital markets price climate-related corporate behaviour under heterogeneous strategic responses. 2026 by the authors. -
Climate finance: Analyzing the global movements, actions, and local framings
With emerging trends in industrialization, the globe is facing a rise in greenhouse gas emissions leading to extreme change in climatic conditions. Several connected issues such as melting of glaciers and increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions are affecting the environment sustainability. The mitigation and adaptation of change in climatic conditions have become the need of the hour. Climate finance is the solution to these problems. Global climate finance in 2021-2022 was approximately $1.3 trillion annually. But much more is required to limit global temperature increases to 1.5C. The challenge of fulfilling global climate financing needed to enable adaptation plans and lower carbon emissions to sustainable levels is one of the significant discussions in the multilateral arena. In this perspective, the chapter analyzes the current actions and movements related to climate finance. The exploration of international, regional, and national instruments of climate finance have been significantly highlighted. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Climate finance and the transition to a low-carbon economy: Financing a sustainable future
Climate finance is very critical in facilitating the transition toward a low-carbon economy. The chapter then details the challenges and opportunities of mobilization and allocation of climate finance for mitigation and adaptation. It therefore analyzes various sources of climate finance, including public and private investments, multilateral development banks, and specialized climate funds. It also touches on such governance, transparency, and accountability aspects with regards to delivering climate finance effectively. The chapter will fulfill the aim to arm policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders with a range of complexities in climate finance since it hopes to present a case for a sustainable future. The chapter uses a mix of questions, literature review, data analysis, case studies, and expert discussions to provide a deep, informative, and comprehensive analysis. Understanding the challenges and opportunities of climate finance by its stakeholders may then lead to cooperation towards a more sustainable and equitable future. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Climate Change, Risk Management, and ESG: An Indian Perspective
Abstract Mr. Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the United Nations Organization remarked that the world is reaching the tipping point beyond which climate change may become irreversible. If this happens, we risk denying present and future genera-tions the right to a healthy and sustainable planet that the whole of humanity stands to lose (RBI, Reserve Bank of India Publication, 2022). Climate change has negatively impacted humanity. It has become a focal point of discussion amongst researchers, academicians, and policymakers alike. It has become imperative for companies to assess and mitigate climate risks as a part of the sustainability journey. Many investors and lenders are integrating ESG aspects, including climate risk, into their investment decision-making processes. The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) intro-duced Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR), which is a comprehensive framework that seeks disclosures regarding the ESG performance of the companies (SEBI, 2021). However, one of the glaring issues is that most of the disclosures are voluntary in nature, and there are no penalties prescribed for non-disclosure by listed companies in India. In this chapter, we delve into risks posed by climate change on businesses and understand the significance of including the aspect of climate change in corporate planning and strategies. Another important aspect that has been discussed in the chapter is how ESG can be used to address the risks, issues, and challenges posed as a result of climate change. Further, a comparative approach has been adopted to understand the ESG policy framework in India and some prominent jurisdictions like the US, the UK, China, and Japan. We are of the view that framing policies related to mandatory ESG reporting for listed companies and compliance with ESG norms will be the deciding factor for the existence, future readiness, and sustainability of Indian businesses. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Climate Change, Risk Management, and ESG: An Indian Perspective
Abstract Mr. Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the United Nations Organization remarked that the world is reaching the tipping point beyond which climate change may become irreversible. If this happens, we risk denying present and future genera-tions the right to a healthy and sustainable planet that the whole of humanity stands to lose (RBI, Reserve Bank of India Publication, 2022). Climate change has negatively impacted humanity. It has become a focal point of discussion amongst researchers, academicians, and policymakers alike. It has become imperative for companies to assess and mitigate climate risks as a part of the sustainability journey. Many investors and lenders are integrating ESG aspects, including climate risk, into their investment decision-making processes. The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) intro-duced Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR), which is a comprehensive framework that seeks disclosures regarding the ESG performance of the companies (SEBI, 2021). However, one of the glaring issues is that most of the disclosures are voluntary in nature, and there are no penalties prescribed for non-disclosure by listed companies in India. In this chapter, we delve into risks posed by climate change on businesses and understand the significance of including the aspect of climate change in corporate planning and strategies. Another important aspect that has been discussed in the chapter is how ESG can be used to address the risks, issues, and challenges posed as a result of climate change. Further, a comparative approach has been adopted to understand the ESG policy framework in India and some prominent jurisdictions like the US, the UK, China, and Japan. We are of the view that framing policies related to mandatory ESG reporting for listed companies and compliance with ESG norms will be the deciding factor for the existence, future readiness, and sustainability of Indian businesses. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Climate Change inflicted Environmental Degradation leading to the Crumbling of Arctic Ecosystem
The Arctic and Antarctic regions serve as the air conditioners of planet Earth. The polar regions located thousands of miles away from us determine the climatic patterns of our geographical area. They maintain our planet at bearable temperatures which are ideal for the existence of diverse flora and fauna and to support different types of ecosystems all around the world. Apart from controlling the temperatures, they also regulate ocean currents which in turn have an effect on the monsoons, winds, hurricanes etc. The poles were pristine till a few decades back. Due to mans greed, the poles started deteriorating at an alarming scale. Climate change, biodiversity changes, oil drilling, seismic testing, toxin accumulation are a few of the challenges faced by the Arctic ecosystem having serious effects on its topography, terrestrial and marine life-forms and the whole ecosystem. Due to the alarming scale of global warming, there is also the danger of permafrost meltdown which can unleash a plethora of dangerous pathogens buried underneath and also let out the huge amounts of locked down carbon. The crumbling of the polar ecosystem is leading to rampant consequences not only in the poles but also elsewhere in the world thousands of miles away. Here, we attempt to discuss the repercussions of the crumbling Arctic ecosystem due to the physical, chemical and geological changes caused by such anthropogenic activities and look at the efforts being carried out to save the Arctic ecosystem in a frantic effort to save our planet. 2024, World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved. -
Climate Change Impact on Water Resources, Food Production and Agricultural Practices
The greatest threat to human health that exists today is climate change. Ecosystems, societies and biodiversity are seriously at risk from the long term effects due to change in climate, primarily brought on by human activities. Rising temperatures increase evaporation, which causes drought and decreases water availability for ecosystems, drinking water supplies and agriculture. Changed precipitation patterns exacerbate floods, storms and sea levels, contaminating the water supply and harming infrastructure. The effects of rapidly changing climate on water resources must be minimised through sustainable water management techniques, conservation initiatives and International initiatives. The effects of climate change on the long run have been the focus of research because stable weather significantly influences agricultural productivity. Due to agricultures reliance on temperature and rainfall, climate change threatens world food security. Rising temperature results in lower productivity and also promotes the growth of weeds and pests, changes precipitation patterns, which will result in more crop failures and production declines. This work summarises the outcome of climate change on crop and livestock yields, water resources and the economy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Climate change and water insecurity: Who bears the brunt? (A case of Yelenahalli Village, Bengaluru)
Rapid urbanisation and neglect towards traditional water bodies have aggravated water security issues in isolated pockets. In the recent past, they have also manifested into natural disasters in major urban centres such as Bengaluru (Bangalore), Mumbai, Chennai and Hyderabad. An examination of the problem is essential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal on water security laid down by the United Nations in the context of climate change. This paper explores the various socio-economic costs of water scarcity through a case study of Yelenahalli village in Bengaluru. The study's preliminary results find that the encroachment of water bodies has led to a significant cost to households and local governments. Water scarcity is found to have a differential impact on poor and non-poor households in terms of access and the resultant water consumption due to the prevalence of price discrimination in the private water markets. The disparity in access to water is exacerbated despite the government's commencement of piped water supply due to worsening climate conditions and falling groundwater levels. The Author(s), 2023. All rights reserved. -
Climate Change and Rainfall Variability in Goa: A Hybrid LSTM-Autoencoder based Predictive Approach
Climate change has significantly altered precipitation patterns in coastal regions like Goa, India. Rainfall serves is a critical resource for crop cultivation in many developing countries. Accurate forecasting of rainfall is essential for sustainable planning, agriculture, and disaster mitigation. However, forecasting rainfall is still challenging due to the dynamic and non-linear nature of weather data. The intricate temporal correlations included into the data may be difficult for traditional time series models and machine learning techniques to adequately reach. This demands the use of advanced data-driven techniques capable of identifying these intricate patterns. This paper presents a data-driven approach using a Long Short-Term Memory Auto Encoder (LSTM-AE) to predict rainfall anomalies over Goa. Seven weather parameters are collected, preprocessed, and analyzed to train the LSTM-AE model. Efficacy of the model is assessed by computing MSE, MAE, and R2. Experimental results demonstrates that the proposed model exhibits strong predictive capability. This research contributes to enhancing early warning systems and developing adaptive climate strategies for the region. 2026 IEEE. -
Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies: Stylized Facts of Leading Annex I and Non-Annex I Nations
Climate changeClimate change, driven by human activities, is one of the most critical global challenges that the world is currently facing. Over the last few years, several landmark agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement have reinforced the importance of framing international climate policies to mitigate the impact of climate changeClimate change. These policies and commitments align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGsUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)), particularly SDGSDGs 13, which calls for urgent action to combat climate changeClimate change and its impacts. This chapter examines the current trends in climate changeClimate change, focusing on rising global temperatures and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. This study compares the impacts and responses of the top ten GDP nations categorized into Annex I (developed) and Non-Annex I (developing) countries, highlighting disparities in the trends, composition, and sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, it explores various mitigationMitigation strategies, including renewable energyRenewable energy adoption, energyEnergy efficiency improvements, carbon capture, and storage technologiesTechnology amid international climate agreements. Understanding these differences can contribute effectively to understanding the climate changeClimate change landscape. This chapter emphasizes the need for coordinated and collaborative global efforts and equitable resource distribution to achieve meaningful climate action. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Climate change and health risk perception in India: A replication of the climate change risk perception model
Behavioral science insights into attitudinal antecedents of climate change risk perception in India are limited. Addressing the lack of nationally diverse samples in environmental psychology research, this study replicates the climate change risk perception model (CCRPM, van der Linden, 2015) in the Indian context. In a nationally comparable sample (N = 749), participants were measured on sociodemographic, cognitive, experiential, and socio-cultural factors associated with climate risk perception. Results of hierarchical regression analyses found that the CCRPM explained 32.85 % of climate change risk perception. Confirmatory factor analysis outcomes empirically support a two-factor structure of risk perception, personal, and societal/generalized in the Indian context. Moreover, the CCRPM explains limited (19.5 %) variance in perceptions of health risks associated with climate change. Experiential factors (such as affect, and personal experience) and prescriptive norms were strongly associated with climate change and health risk perception in India. Highlighting the vulnerabilities associated with health and climate change may prove essential to communicating climate change risks in India. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Achieving Net-Zero Economy
Today, net zero economy is garnering lot of interest as climate change concerns have become one of the most pressing issues for the organizations. The negative impact of climate change (CC) could be witnessed across all industries. The direct risk (i.e. impairment cost, damages, forced closure from extreme weather events) and indirect risk (i.e. disruption in the business value chain, loss of infrastructure, etc.) emanating from CC has severely impacted the business model of the companies. It is important for companies to address climate challenges in their core business model and take climate action for achieving net zero economy. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of various organizational factors on the climate change adaptation strategies (CCAS) of manufacturing companies in India. The data was collected from 241 respondents and structural equation modelling (SEM) through Smart PLS 3.0 was employed for analysis in the study. Results indicated that corporate knowledge, processes, objectives, financial resources, collective knowledge, and incentives significantly influence the CCAS for the companies. The findings provide valuable input to the managers, practitioners, and other stakeholders interested in promoting climate actions and achieving a net zero economy. This chapter contributes to the extant literature in the field of corporate CC strategies and actions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Climate anxiety, wellbeing and pro-environmental action: correlates of negative emotional responses to climate change in 32 countries
This study explored the correlates of climate anxiety in a diverse range of national contexts. We analysed cross-sectional data gathered in 32 countries (N = 12,246). Our results show that climate anxiety is positively related to rate of exposure to information about climate change impacts, the amount of attention people pay to climate change information, and perceived descriptive norms about emotional responding to climate change. Climate anxiety was also positively linked to pro-environmental behaviours and negatively linked to mental wellbeing. Notably, climate anxiety had a significant inverse association with mental wellbeing in 31 out of 32 countries. In contrast, it had a significant association with pro-environmental behaviour in 24 countries, and with environmental activism in 12 countries. Our findings highlight contextual boundaries to engagement in environmental action as an antidote to climate anxiety, and the broad international significance of considering negative climate-related emotions as a plausible threat to wellbeing. 2022 The Authors -
Click, Trap, Repeat: Dark Patterns and the Illusion of Choice in the Digital Market
This chapter will look into how AI has transformed the traditional methods of dark patterns, which are deceptive, manipulative designs used to trick users into decisions that wouldnt have been made if such patterns were not introduced. It will analyse how such patterns use predictive reasonings across e-commerce, social media, and fintech platforms, influencing consumer behavior and their decision-making. The chapter highlights the wide regulatory gap in addressing the manipulations and ethical implications by drawing on global developments from the European Union, the United States, and Asia. The study aims to provide a multidisciplinary understanding of how AI boosts digital deception and to propose a legal framework that safeguards user autonomy, promotes transparency, and ensures accountability in an AI-mediated consumer environment Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Click, Pay, Sustain: The Emergence of Green Digital Payment Systems Within ESG Frameworks
Digital payment systems have become central to contemporary financial infrastructures, yet their contribution to sustainability and ESG outcomes remains conceptually fragmented. This study develops an integrative framework explaining how FinTech innovations shape sustainability in digital payment ecosystems. Drawing on a structured thematic analysis of academic and policy literature, the paper proposes the FinTech InnovationPerformanceAnalyticsESG (FIPAE) Framework, which positions technological innovation as a driver mediated by organisational performance and analytical capacities. The framework clarifies pathways linking digital paymentinnovation to environmentalresponsibility, governance compliance, and social impact, offering a foundation for future empirical research and policy-oriented analysis. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Click, Connect, and Convert: Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Consumer Buying Behavior: A Comprehensive Review
Change is dynamic. If you dont change, the world will change you. This sentence perfectly fits into todays scenario of buying behavior where social media is one of the most powerful tools in determining the dynamic shopping habits of consumers in any sector. Social media plays different roles like an influencer, persuader, and convincer in todays era where the majority of the global population uses the Internet on daily basis. The factors within social media affecting buying behavior are word-of-mouth, website quality, perceived usage, perceived easiness, attitude, perception, price, consumer reviews, product recommendations, customer engagements, social communities, promotional tools (vouchers, movie tickets, gift samples). The data available is too large and generated daily because the number of online users increases on daily basis. This chapter intends to theoretically study the factors and how these factors influence different segments of customers in online buying behavior. The focus is to understand the powerful role of social media in influencing and motivating customers through different social media platforms like YouTube, Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram. Secondary sources of data like recent research papers, books, and recent research studies have been considered for the study. Social media is highly influential in purchase decisions. The factors like customer engagements, product recommendations, reviews and opinions, social communities, contests, and free gifts play a major role in creating a positive perception and attitude toward the products thereby influencing and promoting purchases on social media. Marketers should advise companies to encourage users to post pictures along with the product/service on social media, creating awareness and building brand value in consumers minds. With the growing usage of the Internet, it is even estimated to grow exponentially. 2026 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Click & Collect Retailing: A Study on Its Influence on the Purchase Intention of Customers
The retail sector, over the years, has evolved dramatically to provide better service to its customers. With the superior convenience of online shopping and tangible experience of in-store shopping, retail industries are looking forward to integrating both modes, thus embracing omni channel to provide better service to their customers. The prime objective of the research is to investigate the level of influence that using the Click & Collect online shopping mode can have on customer purchase intention and to ascertain the effects that online and offline shopping attributes have on this intention. The study emphasizes the usefulness of integrating both the shopping modes, thus embracing omni channel in the retail sector to provide a better shopping experience to the customers. The primary data were collected from 356 respondents. Secondary data were collected by reviewing articles, research papers, extant studies and newspaper articles. In the analysis, the buying behaviour through an e-commerce platform and customers purchase intentions are taken as the dependent variable. Product risk, online trust, website quality, offline experience and perceived usefulness are identified as the independent variables. The data thus collected were processed for regression tests using IBM SPSS 25 software to analyse the results. The Stimulus-Organism-Response model was deployed as the proposed model for the research. The results obtained from the research will allow retailers to understand the customer's buying behaviour towards the new Click & Collect system better by identifying the key variables that influence their purchase intention. The current study highlights the influence of the perceived usefulness of using the Click & Collect online shopping mode on the purchase intention of customers. 2021 Transnational Press London -
Clay-based cementitious nanofluid flow subjected to Newtonian heating
In recent years, a novel technique for producing robust cementitious materials, called nanocomposites, has emerged. These materials are comprised of clay minerals and polymers. As a result, a vertical flat plate has been used to evaluate a clay-based cementitious nanofluid in this research. The impacts of first-order chemical reactions, heat generation/heat absorption, and the Jeffrey fluid model are taken into account for the study of flow. Newtonian heating and the conditions for slippage velocity have also been considered. The mathematical problem for the flow analysis has been established in relations of partially coupled partial differential equations and the model has been generalized using constant proportional Caputo (CPC) fractional derivative. The problem is solved using the Laplace transform technique to provide precise analytical solutions. On the concentration, temperature, and velocity fields, the physics of a number of crucial flow parameters have been examined graphically. The acquired results have been condensed to a very well-known published work to verify the validity of the current work. It is important to note here that the rate of heat transfer in the fluid decreases by 10.17% by adding clay nanoparticles, while the rate of mass transfer decrease by 1.31% when the value of ? reaches 0.04. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.