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Reducing the workload: AI as a support tool for human content moderators
Content moderation on digital platforms has evolved into a critical challenge due to the volume and complexity of user- generated content. This chapter explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing this issue, highlighting its capacity for scalability, efficiency, and consistent enforcement of policies. However, AI's limitations-such as interpreting context, navigating cultural nuances, and avoiding bias-underscore the necessity of human involvement. The hybrid AI- human approach emerges as the most effective model, leveraging AI's data- processing capabilities to alleviate workload while relying on moderators for nuanced judgments and ethical oversight. Through case studies of major platforms like Meta, Reddit, and YouTube, this chapter demonstrates the potential and challenges of integrating AI into moderation. It advocates for transparency, ethical AI practices, and research to refine hybrid models, aiming to balance efficiency, fairness, and trust. This chapter contributes to the discourse on sustainable, ethical frameworks in the digital age. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Reduction of a Tri-Modal Lorenz Model of Ferrofluid Convection to a CubicQuintic GinzburgLandau Equation Using the Center Manifold Theorem
The differential geometric method of the center manifold theorem is applied to the magnetic-Lorenz model of ferrofluid convection in an electrically non-conducting ferrofluid. The analytically intractable tri-modal nonlinear autonomous system (magnetic-Lorenz model) is reduced to an analytically tractable uni-modal cubicquintic GinzburgLandau equation. The inadequacy of the cubic GinzburgLandau equation and the need for the cubicquintic one is shown in the paper. The heat transport is quantified using the solution of the cubicquintic equation and the effect of ferrofluid parameters on it is demonstrated. The stable and unstable regions in the conductive regime and the conductive-convective regime is depicted using a bifurcation diagram. The noticeable discrepancy between the results of the two models is highlighted and the quintic non-linearity effects are delineated. 2021, Foundation for Scientific Research and Technological Innovation. -
Reel Therapy: Taking the Cinematic Route to Suicide Intervention
Suicide has been recognised as a significant public health concern by the United Nations, making effective interventions crucial to prevent loss of life and the ripple effect it has on the family and friends of the individual. Conventional therapeutic approaches tend to focus on talk therapy as a way to provide assistance to the individual in distress but emerging research evidences point towards the impact created by the use of auditory and visual stimuli. Reel therapy also known as movie therapy is one such intervention that aims at using films as a therapeutic tool. Studies suggest that movies can act as a powerful tool for creating insight and reducing stigma associated with seeking help when required. The chapter examines the theoretical foundation of reel therapy, reviewing associated concepts such as catharsis and symbolic representation in films. It explores how films can reduce emotions and provide a platform for the individuals to process their ideations and feelings related to suicide. Reel therapy exhibits potential to become a valuable addition to the ongoing efforts towards prevention of suicide, especially for populations that do not respond to the traditional intervention approaches. Through the chapter the authors attempt at emphasising the value of incorporating the universally loved phenomena of movies into suicide intervention as a complementary therapeutic tool, by bringing forth the unique strengths of reel therapy in facilitating emotional expression and assisting recovery. The chapter aims to contribute to growing literature on novel approaches to suicide intervention. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Reel Therapy: Taking the Cinematic Route to Suicide Intervention
Suicide has been recognised as a significant public health concern by the United Nations, making effective interventions crucial to prevent loss of life and the ripple effect it has on the family and friends of the individual. Conventional therapeutic approaches tend to focus on talk therapy as a way to provide assistance to the individual in distress but emerging research evidences point towards the impact created by the use of auditory and visual stimuli. Reel therapy also known as movie therapy is one such intervention that aims at using films as a therapeutic tool. Studies suggest that movies can act as a powerful tool for creating insight and reducing stigma associated with seeking help when required. The chapter examines the theoretical foundation of reel therapy, reviewing associated concepts such as catharsis and symbolic representation in films. It explores how films can reduce emotions and provide a platform for the individuals to process their ideations and feelings related to suicide. Reel therapy exhibits potential to become a valuable addition to the ongoing efforts towards prevention of suicide, especially for populations that do not respond to the traditional intervention approaches. Through the chapter the authors attempt at emphasising the value of incorporating the universally loved phenomena of movies into suicide intervention as a complementary therapeutic tool, by bringing forth the unique strengths of reel therapy in facilitating emotional expression and assisting recovery. The chapter aims to contribute to growing literature on novel approaches to suicide intervention. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Reengineering the Rural Economy by Leveraging the Use of Financial Services: A Lynchpin
Financial services form the bedrock of the economy, intricately woven into its fabric, exerting a profound influence on its dynamics and growth trajectory. Financial services play a momentous role in the complex web of global economies, delicately interlacing the strands of trade, capital accumulation, and risk mitigation. These services serve as an essential hub, linking people, companies, and governments in a complex web of exchanges and interactions, from the busy streets of big metropolises to the serene settings of rural villages. The chapter emphasizes the importance of financial services in promoting rural businesses by uplifting their stream of earnings by making use of emerging technologies. It also focuses on the challenges and opportunities faced by the rural population in obtaining financial assistance. The chapter also discusses the modern financial service schemes introduced so far for rural development and the suggestions for future implementation. The ways and means to mitigate shortcomings of the development of the rural business due to negligible awareness and restricted accessibility to financial services are also highlighted in the study. 2026 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Reflection of Public Policy on Environment
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol.3, Issue 1, pp.184-196. ISSN No. 2249-2496 -
Reflections on the issues and determinants associated with women's career progression in hospitality industry at Bengaluru /
Social Sciences International Research Journal, Vol.2, Special Issue, ISSN: 2935-0544. -
Reflective thinking in school: a systematic review
Everything around us changes rapidly and to adapt to these constantly changing conditions and to understand the meaning of our life in the society in which we live, we must reflectively and consciously think about our actions in each given scenario. A school is a miniature form of society where learners are exposed to situations where they need to find solutions for every problem faced. No faultless solution and conclusions can be arrived at without a carefully employed reflective thinking process. In this context, the present study reviewed 19 intervention studies on reflective thinking in schools published between 2010 and 2021 and presents a brief summary. Various theories on reflective thinking, approach of educationists on reflective thinking of students and the relation between reflective thinking and students academic performance, are extensively analyzed. The findings of the study reveal that there are a few generally accepted theories of reflective thinking; reflection is a useful learning strategy and reflective thinking is an essential characteristic of academic excellence. This study recommends future research with a wider scope to accommodate more theoretical perspectives and wide-ranging databases. 2024, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Reflective writing skills among pre service teachers: a scoping review
Reflection is a soul-searching process. It is an innate ability to delve down the memory lane to judge a reaction to a particular situation as right or wrong as a response. The positive reactions are reinforced and the ineffective negative ones are relinquished. Developing reflective skills among preservice teachers include regular reflective practice sessions. They have to painstakingly record all their reflections after the delivery of each lesson as part of their curriculum along with other reflective practice opportunities. This effort should lead to evolution of professional practitioner in the long run. Although, there are factors affecting its development, preservice teachers seem to do it more monotonously without much reflective learning. Their reflective writing skills are way behind the expected level. This study adopts the research design outline advocated by Arksey and OMalley. The study appraised the research studies conducted from 2015 to 2024 as a part of scoping review. The study throws light on the various aspects related to the teacher-trainees reflective writing skills. Future studies may focus on empirical validation of the reflective writing skills among preservice teachers. 2025 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Reflector Backed Conical Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Enhanced Gain
This paper reports a wideband, high gain, slot coupled reflector backed conical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The key findings of the work are as follows; i) the antenna operates over 7.73-8.3 GHz, with peak gain of 10.32 dBi, ii) an gain enhancement > 5dBi achieved by placing a reflector below the ground plane, iii) the measured results best matches with their measured counter parts, iv) the antenna deals with many advantages, including performance, volume, and fabrication feasibility. From application point of view the developed model can be successfully used for X-band wireless communication. 2018 IEEE. -
Reflexive Praxis in University Classrooms in India: A Case Study
This article presents the case study of a university teacher's journey focusing on struggles he faced in the personal and professional space during his teaching career that shaped his pedagogic practices. Bourdieu's structural parameters and Engstr's (1987) theory of expansive learning provided analytical concepts, including reflexivity, to study the pedagogical praxis of this teacher. The analysis of data collected using the biographical narrative interviewing method, classroom observation, and autobiographical writings of the teacher reveals that as he questions his social positioning, academic "field," and intellectual bias, he experiences conflicts and tensions that arise from several disruptions resulting in pain and frustrations at one level and at another level shaping his desire and the ability to engage critically and historically with the processes and outcomes of personal and pedagogic interrogations. He realizes that there is no "A" algorithm for developing reflexivity. It takes a lifetime for a teacher to build a reflexive praxis. 2025 Common Ground Research Networks. All rights reserved. -
Reframing Accountability for Human Trafficking Along the India-Bangladesh Border: A Securitization and Fragmented Governance Approach
This research investigates the persistence of human trafficking along the IndiaBangladesh border through the combined theoretical lenses of securitization and fragmented governance. While existing literature and policy frameworks often approach trafficking as an issue of migration management, social welfare, or criminal justice, this study argues that such interpretations inadequately address the structural and political dynamics that shape state responses. The research posits that the framing of trafficking as a national security threatrather than a social or human rights concernhas produced a system where accountability is diffuse, bureaucratic, and performative rather than substantive. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Refugees in host countries: A comparative study between Uyghurs in Turkey and Tibetans in India
The status of refugees in host nations may depend upon several factors, including the economic situation of the receiving state, political alignments, international commitments, ethnic affinities, the domestic refugee regime, security considerations and bilateral ties with the home country. The study aims to discern the role that bilateral ties and domestic considerations play in the refugee experience. Is there a pattern that can be drawn out from these two factors? The article uses neoclassical realist and critical theories to better understand the phenomena, while employing the case study method to make a comparative study. The study analyses how India and Turkey have dealt with refugees belonging to two ethnic minorities of the Republic of China: the Tibetans and the Uyghurs. The results show that the way the receiving states handle refugees depends greatly on domestic considerations. It becomes clear that even though bilateral ties between the host and the home nation are important, no simple deduction can be made on how this affects the treatment of refugees. Both cases provide varied response patterns; it is only through a blend of realpolitik and critical theory that the phenomena can be understood. Mapping refugees and their movements, as well as their status in the host countries, determines many of the policies created for their welfare. The article therefore attempts to provide a framework for a better understanding of the phenomena by considering bilateral ties and domestic considerations. The Author(s) 2022. -
Regarding Deeper Properties of the Fractional Order Kundu-Eckhaus Equation and Massive Thirring Model
In this paper, the fractional natural decomposition method (FNDM) is employed to find the solution for the Kundu-Eckhaus equation and coupled fractional differential equations describing the massive Thirring model. The massive Thirring model consists of a system of two nonlinear complex differential equations, and it plays a dynamic role in quantum field theory. The fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense, and the projected algorithm is a graceful mixture of Adomian decomposition scheme with natural transform technique. In order to illustrate and validate the efficiency of the future technique, we analyzed projected phenomena in terms of fractional order. Moreover, the behaviour of the obtained solution has been captured for diverse fractional order. The obtained results elucidate that the projected technique is easy to implement and very effective to analyze the behaviour of complex nonlinear differential equations of fractional order arising in the connected areas of science and engineering. 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
REGARDING NEW NUMERICAL RESULTS for the DYNAMICAL MODEL of ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS with FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE
The main purpose of the present investigation is to find the solution of fractional coupled equations describing the romantic relationships using q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). The considered scheme is a unification of q-homotopy analysis technique with Laplace transform (LT). More preciously, we scrutinized the behavior of the obtained solution for the considered model with fractional-order, in order to elucidate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Further, for the different fractional-order and parameters offered by the considered method, the physical natures have been apprehended. The obtained consequences evidence that the proposed method is very effective and highly methodical to study and examine the nature and its corresponding consequences of the system of fractional order differential equations describing the real word problems. 2022 The Author(s). -
Regarding on the fractional mathematical model of tumour invasion and metastasis
In this paper, we analyze the behaviour of solution for the system exemplifying model of tumour invasion and metastasis by the help of q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM) with the fractional operator. The analyzed model consists of a system of three nonlinear differential equations elucidating the activation and the migratory response of the degradation of the matrix, tumour cells and production of degradative enzymes by the tumour cells. The considered method is graceful amalgamations of q-homotopy analysis techniquewith Laplace transform(LT), and Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) fractional operator is hired in the present study. By using the fixed point theory, existence and uniqueness are demonstrated. To validate and present the effectiveness of the considered algorithm, we analyzed the considered system in terms of fractional order with time and space. The error analysis of the considered scheme is illustrated. The variations with small change time with respect to achieved results are effectively captured in plots. The obtained results confirm that the considered method is very efficient and highly methodical to analyze the behaviors of the system of fractional order differential equations. 2021 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
Regional Drought Modulation by ENSO and IOD as Indicated by the Standardized Precipitation Index
Understanding the modulation of drought by large-scale oceanatmosphere teleconnections is crucial for strengthening drought prediction and resilience in India. This study investigates the influence of the El NiSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on meteorological drought characteristics across India from 1950 to 2024 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at a 12-month timescale. Drought events were quantified in terms of frequency, duration, severity, and intensity and linked to ENSOIOD variability through composite, correlation, and mediation analyses. Results reveal that El Ni events consistently correspond to widespread and severe droughts, particularly over central and southern India, with drought frequency exceeding 30% and SPI < ?1.5. Conversely, La Ni phases enhance monsoon rainfall and alleviate drought conditions across much of the subcontinent. Spatial correlations demonstrate that ENSO exerts a stronger, more coherent influence on both rainfall and SPI than the IOD, while positive IOD phases can partly offset El Ni-driven drought in limited regions. Mediation and wavelet coherence analyses confirm ENSOs dominant control at interannual (48 year) timescales and reveal secondary, episodic modulation by the IOD. These findings highlight the complex, evolving dynamics between Pacific and Indian Ocean drivers in shaping Indias hydroclimate variability. The study underscores the need for integrated ENSOIOD monitoring and inclusion of multi-ocean indicators in Indias drought early warning and seasonal forecast frameworks. 2026 Binghamton University Libraries. All rights reserved. -
Regression analysis and features of negative activation energy for MHD nanofluid flow model: A comparative study
This article elucidates the impact of activation energy on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point nanofluid flow over a slippery surface in a porous regime with thermophoretic and Brownian diffusions. Negative activation energy is scarce in practice, but the impact of negative activation energy could not be neglected as it is noticed in chemical processes. The rate of some Arrhenius-compliant reactions is retarded by increasing the temperature and is therefore associated with negative activation energies, such as exothermic binding of urea or water. In some processes, the temperature dependence of the pressure-induced unfolding and the urea-induced unfolding of proteins at ambient pressure give negative activation energies. The present mathematical model is solved with successive linearization method (a spectral technique). A comparison of results is made for negative and positive values of activation energy. Apart from it, the quadratic multiple regression model is discussed briefly and explained with bar diagrams. It is observed that with rise in unsteadiness parameter from 0 to 1 (taking positive activation energy), skin friction and Sherwood number are increased by 9.36% and 19% respectively, and Nusselt number is decreased by 26%. However, for negative activation energy, 9.36% and 112% enhancement is observed in skin friction and Sherwood number, respectively. 2023 The Authors -
Regression Analysis as a Metric for Sustainability Development: Validation of Indian Territory
The 2030 Development Agenda styled' Transforming our world The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development' was hugged by the transnational locales of the UN General Assembly in 2015. Monitoring the progress of countries towards achieving these pretensions is pivotal for sustainable development. This exploration paper offers an innovative stance toward foretelling the SDG Index of Indian states for the near future times using machine learning ways, logical and visualization tools. The paper focuses on India's sweats towards achieving the SDGs and investigates the factors impacting the SDG performance of individual Indians states. A comprehensive dataset is collected, encompassing a wide range of socio-profitable pointers, demographic data, and environmental criteria applicable to each SDG target. Literal SDG Index scores and corresponding state-specific data are collected to assay and find some trends. The study demonstrates the eventuality of vaticination ways in vaticinating the unborn SDG Index scores of Indian states. The time series graph showcases varying degrees of delicacy across different SDGs, indicating the complexity and diversity of experimental challenges. 2024 IEEE. -
Regression Analysis for Longitudinal Aging Study in India Data
This paper examines the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) and its role in providing valuable insights into the health, social, psychological, and economic well-being of the older Indian population. The paper examines the use of dependent independent variables in a multiple linear regression model, tests assumptions of linearity, and examines the significance of the overall model and the individual variables. There are 190 variables in the dataset being used. This paper presents the results of comparing the regression models obtained through basic, forward, and stepwise selection methods where the model obtained using the stepwise selection method, when all the linearity assumptions are satisfied, explains 86.51% of the variation in the dependent variable and the Adjusted R-squared of the model is 0.8374. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.