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Meaning-making, identity, and community: Cultural and religious influences on the mental health of transgender (Hijra) women in South India
Background: Hijra women in South India navigate mental health within contexts marked by structural exclusion, religious ambivalence, and complex kinship networks. While minority stress theory explains the psychological impact of stigma and discrimination, less attention has been paid to how culturally embedded meaning-making processes shape resilience and well-being in this population. Methods: This qualitative study draws on semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 13 self-identified Hijra women from Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Interviews were conducted in regional languages and analyzed using Braun and Clarkes thematic analysis. The study integrates minority stress theory with a meaning-making framework to examine how cultural and religious contexts influence mental health, identity negotiation, and community relationships. Results: Three interconnected themes emerged: (1) Minority Stress and Systemic Oppression, characterized by family rejection, religious exclusion, public stigma, and economic marginalization; (2) Living in Ambivalence, reflecting both solidarity and constraint within Hijra kinship networks; and (3) Meaning-Making through Identity, Work, Community, and Spirituality. Educational attainment did not consistently translate into improved livelihoods or reduced distress. Participants constructed dignity and purpose through gender affirmation, creative and ethical livelihoods, contribution to others, and selective engagement with spiritual or ethical frameworks. Conclusions: Mental health among Hijra women is shaped by the interaction of structural exclusion and culturally embedded resources for meaning-making. Findings extend minority stress research by demonstrating how resilience emerges relationally within ambivalent social and religious environments. Culturally grounded mental health interventions must therefore address structural injustice while supporting community-based and meaning-oriented coping processes. 2026 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Rethinking hope in the lives of transgender women in sex work in India: an IPA study
Background: Transgender women engaged in sex work often navigate lives shaped by stigma, precarity, and systemic exclusion; within such contexts, hope becomes a complex and negotiated experience. However, its lived meanings and processes of meaning-making remain insufficiently understood within psychological research. Objectives: To explore the lived experiences and meaning-making processes of hope among transgender sex workers in India within the socio-cultural and political context. Method: This study uses an interpretative phenomenological approach to understand the meaning-making of hope in the lives of transgender women in sex work, and the influence of sociocultural and political factors on hope. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven people in India who identify as transgender women and are engaging in sex work either part-time or full-time. The data were analyzed according to the guidelines laid down by Smith etal. Results: Findings revealed nine superordinate themes: compelled to actively build hope for survival, movement from interpersonal to intrapersonal hope, education and employment as sources of hope, body as a site of hope as well as hopelessness, sex work as an existential double-bind, hope forged in crisis, social influences of hope, anticipatory hope for legal provisions, and cultural and religious influences on hope. Conclusion: The study reconceptualizes hope as a survival labor, shaped by intersecting identities and lived adversities. It contributes to feminist, queer, and existential scholarship while offering implications for policymaking and the development of trauma-informed, trans-affirmative psychotherapeutic interventions. 2026 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Exploring the Scheduled Tribe Parental Perspectives on Fortifying Family Bonds
The study explored family bonding in scheduled tribe families, emphasizing its cultural significance and impact on familial well-being. A phenomenological research design was adopted, incorporating Braun and Clarkes thematic analysis framework. Data was collected through a focus group discussion involving 14 scheduled tribe parents, providing insights into their lived experiences and perspectives on family bonding. The findings highlighted key themes that included adherence to traditional values, equality in marriage, parental behavior, resilience, acceptance, and responsibility. The study further identified the role of internal dialogue, emotional reliance, grit, and mindfulness in strengthening family bonds. Despite a limited sample, findings showed the importance of open communication and cultural preservation in inculcating strong familial relationships. These findings provide a foundation for further research and family therapy interventions to strengthen scheduled tribe family bonds through culturally sensitive approaches. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Development of Mindfulness Based Solution Focused Brief Therapy for Children (MBSFT-C): An International Delphi Study
Internalizing and externalizing behavioral issues among children tend to appear together and are often interrelated. A combination of Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) and Mindfulness is theoretically promising in reducing the co-occurrences of internalizing and externalizing issues. In this study, we developed and validated MBSFT-C, which addresses internalizing and externalizing behavioral issues. Preliminary components of MBSFT-C were developed, integrating the philosophies of Mindfulness and Solution Focused Brief Therapy. We used a two-round Delphi survey to finalize and validate these components. In the first round, the experts provided a free-text review of the initial components of MBSFT-C, which were then analyzed thematically using QDA Miner v2.0.9 software. In the second round, the experts evaluated the final components of MBSFT-C and reached a consensus using a 10-point visual analog scale. Thematic analysis of review 1 revealed three themes, Validation, Additions, and Modifications, based on which the final draft of MBSFT-C was developed. The final draft included two major components, Mindful Solution Focused Engagement and Family Mindfulness Skills. All the components of MBSFT-C achieved international expert consensus with a 70% agreement in review 2. The mean score for components by the experts ranged between 7.50 and 8.00 out of 10 on a visual analog scale, with a standard deviation ranging from 1.94 to 2.95. MBSFT-C will provide clinicians with a well suited, empirically developed, manualized comprehensive therapy that meets the special requirements of children. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Separated/Divorced Individuals Experiences with the Legal System in India: A Qualitative Inquiry
This study identifies systemic flaws and biases in the Indian judicial system, highlighting areas for reform. Through purposive sampling, 15 separated/divorced participants (nine male, six female) were analyzed via semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) using Atlas.ti 23 software. Analysis derived one group experiential theme: Judicial Process and Law Enforcement, with four sub-themes: The Contradictory Positions of the Court, Nonchalance toward False Accusations, Encounter with Legal Professionals, and Two Sides of Law Enforcement. Participants revealed conflicting experiences, with few achieving justice while others faced substantial delays. Male participants often encountered allegations without evidence. Regardless of gender, feelings of distress and helplessness were prevalent due to court procedures. The findings highlight the urgent need for reforms like procedural transparency to mitigate the trauma of divorce in India and emphasize a gap in existing literature on judicial effects in separation cases. Recommendations for future research are suggested. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Can stochastic clocks in FLRW minisuperspace prevent dynamical singularities?
We develop a stochastic extension of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in Friedmann-Lemare-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) minisuperspace and show that quantum backreaction can dynamically regulate the big bang singularity without imposing external boundary conditions. Using Laplace-Beltrami (LB) quantisation and an open-system treatment of coarse-grained graviton modes, we obtain a stochastic Hamiltonian evolution equation in which the diffusion coefficient takes the form ? ( a ) ? a 2 . This multiplicative noise vanishes at the origin and renders a = 0 an entrance boundary in Fellers classification, leading to super-exponential suppression of the LB weighted stationary density and zero probability flux into the singular point. At large scale factor, the global behaviour depends on the cosmological sector: de Sitter and positive potential-dominated regimes exhibit power-law stationary tails, whereas confining potentials or negative effective cosmological constant lead to an entrance boundary at infinity and a globally normalisable steady state. Taken together, these results indicate that stochastic backreaction arising from semiclassical coarse-graining provides a consistent and dynamical mechanism for singularity avoidance in minisuperspace quantum cosmology. 2026 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. -
Magnetization induced skyrmion dynamics of a spin-orbit-coupled spinor condensate under sinusoidally varying magnetic field
We explore the spin texture dynamics of a harmonically trapped spin-1 BoseEinstein condensate with Rashba spinorbit coupling and ferromagnetic spin-exchange interactions under a sinusoidally varying magnetic field along the x-direction. This interplay yields an intrinsic spin texture in the ground state, forming a linear chain of alternating skyrmions at the saddle points of the magnetic field. Our study analyzes the spin-mixing dynamics for both a freely evolving and a controlled longitudinal magnetization. The spin-1 system exhibits the Einsteinde Haas effect for the first case, for which an exchange between the total orbital angular momentum and the spin angular momentum is observed, resulting in minimal oscillations about the initial position of the skyrmion chain. However, for the fixed magnetization dynamics, the skyrmion chain exhibits ample angular oscillations about the equilibrium position, with the temporary formation of new skyrmions to facilitate the oscillatory motion. For the case of fixed magnetization, this contrast now stems from the exchange between the canonical and spin-dependent contribution to the orbital angular momentum. The variation in canonical angular momentum is linked to the angular oscillations, while the spin-dependent angular momentum accounts for the creation or annihilation of skyrmions. We confirm the presence of scissors mode excitations in the spin texture due to the angular skyrmion oscillations. 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. -
Rheology-dependent surface wave characteristics in an advanced geomaterial flexoelectric plate with viscoelastic coating
This study investigates the transmission of seismic surface waves in a composite framework comprising a viscoelastic layer overlying a flexoelectric material. The study focuses on understanding the impact of different viscoelastic models (Maxwell, Newtonian, and Kelvin-Voigt) and interface conditions (smooth and welded contact) on the damping and dispersion characteristics of these waves. To achieve this, the study employs a variable-separable technique and appropriate boundary conditions to derive complex frequency relations for electrically open and short circuits scenarios. These relations are subsequently divided into real and imaginary parts to examine the dispersion and dampening properties, respectively. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the response of flexoelectric coefficient, viscoelastic layer thickness, and bonding parameter on phase velocity and dampening coefficient. The research findings indicate that the attenuation properties of the Maxwell and Newtonian models are lower compared to the Kelvin-Voigt model. Graphical comparisons highlight the influence of viscoelastic models and interface characteristics on wave propagation. This research can help in the development of sensors, energy harvesters, and wave manipulation devices that employ flexoelectric materials with viscoelastic coatings. Knowledge of surface wave dynamics in these structures is vital for their optimal performance. 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. -
Geometric aspects of noncommutative wormholes with conformal symmetry
This paper investigates traversable wormhole solutions within the framework of (Formula presented) f(Q,T) gravity by incorporating conformal symmetry and employing a Lorentzian distribution to model the matter sources. The study considers different equations of state, such as traceless and barotropic forms, to explore their impact on the viability of wormhole solutions. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of the model parameters on the wormhole geometry and its physical properties is carried out. The findings reveal that the resulting shape function satisfies all the necessary wormhole conditions. Importantly, certain scenarios are identified where the wormhole can be supported by non-exotic matter, highlighting the physical plausibility of such solutions within modified gravity. 2026 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. This article is available under the terms of the https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/iop-standard/v1. -
The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case
The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission. 2025 The Author(s) -
Spontaneous symmetry breaking as a late-time trigger for interacting dark energy
Persistent tensions in the Hubble constant (H 0) and the matter clustering parameter (S 8) motivate late-time new physics that suppresses structure growth while remaining compatible with current background constraints of the ?CDM model. We study a new class of dark sector dynamics in which a scalar dark energy (DE) field, governed by a ?2-symmetric quartic potential, interacts with dark matter (DM) through Yukawa and portal couplings. When the matter density drops below a critical threshold, a cosmological spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) mechanism generates a time-dependent vacuum expectation value v(a) and activates an effective coupling ?(a). This produces a symmetric phase (a ? ac) identical to ?CDM at early times, and a broken phase (a > ac) in which ?(a) > 0 transfers energy from DM to DE, suppressing the linear growth of structure. We confront this framework with RSD, BAO, CC, and Pantheon+SH0ES supernova data, jointly with compressed Planck distance priors, comparing a fixed ?CDM background to a self-consistent coupled scalar evolution. The RSD-only analysis shows a pronounced shift: the dynamical background yields ?m ? 0.31 0.10 and ? 80 ? 0.59 0.01, with a higher matter density but a substantially lower growth amplitude compared to the fixed background case ?m ? 0.20 0.09 and ? 80 ? 0.75 0.05. In the full joint fit, conditioned on geometric distance information, the inferred parameters are ?m = 0.29 0.01, H 0 = 69.7 0.6 km s-1 Mpc-1, and ? 80 = 0.78 0.01. These results demonstrate that a late-time, SSB-activated interaction can efficiently dampen structure growth and potentially alleviate the S 8 tension. In growth-dominated analyses such as RSD-only constraints, the inferred value of H 0 is only weakly affected by the coupling. However, in joint analyses including strong external distance calibrations, the inferred H 0 becomes sensitive to dataset choice and to whether the background expansion is treated self-consistently. 2026 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. This article is available under the terms of the https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/iop-standard/v1. -
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Circumstellar Medium of Herbig Ae/Be Stars
We present a comprehensive mid-infrared spectroscopic survey of 124 Herbig Ae/Be stars using newly processed Spitzer/IRS spectra from the newly released CASSISjuice database. Based on prominent dust and molecular signatures (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), silicates, and hydrogenated amorphous carbons), we classify the stars into five groups. Our analysis reveals that 64% of the spectra show PAH emission, with detections peaking in the stellar effective temperature range 7000-11,000 K (B9-A5). Silicate features appear in 50% of the sample and likewise diminish at higher temperatures. Additionally, we find that future PAH studies can focus on Herbig Ae/Be stars with a spectral index n2?24 > ?1 and flared morphologies to maximize PAH detections. The 6.2 ?m PAH band is the most frequently observed in our sample, shifting blueward with increasing stellar temperature, and this is the largest sample yet used to test that peak shift. The weaker 6.0 ?m feature does not shift with 6.2 ?m, implying a distinct origin of C=O (carbonyl) or olefinic C=C stretching relative to C-C vibrations. We examined the 11.0/11.2 ?m PAH ratio using high-resolution Spitzer spectra for the first time in a sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars, finding a range of ionization conditions. This study provides a strong foundation for future JWST observations of intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars. 2025. National Astronomical Observatories, CAS and IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. -
Direct ink writing of nickel oxide-based thin films for room temperature gas detection
The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric environment. Major atmospheric pollutants include NO2 and CO2. Hence, it is imperative to develop NO2 and CO2 sensors for ambient conditions, that can be used in indoor air quality monitoring, breath analysis, food spoilage detection, etc. In the present study, two thin film nanocomposite (nickel oxide-graphene and nickel oxide-silver nanowires) gas sensors are fabricated using direct ink writing. The nano-composites are investigated for their structural, optical, and electrical properties. Later the nano-composite is deposited on the interdigitated electrode (IDE) pattern to form NO2 and CO2 sensors. The deposited films are then exposed to NO2 and CO2 gases separately and their response and recovery times are determined using a custom-built gas sensing setup. Nickel oxide-graphene provides a good response time and recovery time of 10 and 9 s, respectively for NO2, due to the higher electron affinity of graphene towards NO2. Nickel oxide-silver nanowire nano-composite is suited for CO2 gas because silver is an excellent electrocatalyst for CO2 by giving response and recovery times of 11 s each. This is the first report showcasing NiO nano-composites for NO2 and CO2 sensing at room temperature. 2025 Chinese Institute of Electronics. -
Unveiling the potential: iodide-infused nickel-enhanced MXene composite for high-performance sodium ion hybrid capacitors
2D-MXenes have gained much popularity for energy storage applications such as hybrid capacitors, and they have shown very competitive performance, especially as electrode materials for sodium ion hybrid capacitors. However, they suffer from various problems, such as morphology distortion and fast capacity fading, which results in the poor performance of the battery. As a result, researchers have focused more on MXene-based composite materials to address these issues. In this work, we report a sodium iodide and nickel-decorated MXene-based composite (Ti2C/Ni/NaI) material as an electrode for a sodium ion hybrid capacitor. Ti2C MXene and Ni were able to provide physical and mechanical strength, and iodine was able to produce redox activity. The composite had a rough surface with readily aggregated 2D-MXene sheets and was uniformly covered with Ni, Na, and I atoms. Several vibrational bands and peaks associated with Ti, Ni, Na, C and O in the Raman while XPS spectra confirmed the effective incorporation of dopants into the MXene sheets and successful synthesis of the Ti2C/Ni/NaI composite. The fabricated hybrid capacitor exhibited good capacity retention of 59% after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA g?1; thus, the Ti2C/Ni/NaI composite can be a promising electrode material for sodium-based hybrid capacitors. 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Synergistic pseudocapacitive behavior of Cr2CTx MXene and Cu-PTC MOF in CM-II: an Electroactive composite
The increasing global energy demand and a shift towards sustainable energy solutions necessitate the development of advanced energy storage devices, with supercapacitors emerging as key candidates. Achieving high energy density without compromising power density remains a critical challenge, underscoring the need for novel materials with robust pseudocapacitive behavior. This study introduces a novel electroactive composite, CM-II, composed of Cr2CTx MXene and a Cu-based MOF, Cu-PTC. The synthesis, structural, and morphological characterization of CM-II is extensively detailed. Cr2CTx MXene provides a conductive scaffold, while Cu-PTC contributes redox-active sites and porosity, creating a synergistic combination that enhances charge storage. The pseudocapacitive performance of CM-II has been systematically evaluated, with a specific capacitance of 3035 F g?1 and a long cycle-life with a capacitance retention of 96% after 5000 cycles, showcasing its potential as a high-performance material for next-generation supercapacitors. 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Microaggression and Its Impact on Lower Caste Women with Psychiatric Disorders in India
This article presents a collection of personal stories of Dalit women highlighting their daily experiences of microaggressions, which they did not even realize or endured in silence, but how it left deep psychological, emotional, and relational scars. These experiences are examined from a postmodern theory perspective. In addition, the article will describe Anderson Franklin and Nancy Boyd-Franklins theoretical concepts of invisibility and Kenneth Hardys concepts of voicelessness and psychological homelessness. These stories indicated that having mental illness defined these women, leading to a lack of opportunities and resources and further chipping away at their sense of self, capabilities, and value. As a therapist, the primary author felt drawn to connect with these womens humanity, suffering, and pain, but also felt vulnerable to seeing them as different and ignoring the fact that she exercised power by categorizing them as low-income, Dalit, and traumatized. By seeing these women differently, the primary author felt less vulnerable and safer in a therapeutic relationship but also realized how language in therapy reinforces the internal psychological and emotional experience of being invisible and thus unimportant. Mental health professionals should use caste-sensitive language and adopt caste-affirmative therapy to prevent the drop-out of these women from therapy. Copyright 2025, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. -
Remote and Cross-Cultural Training of Research Assistants Abroad to Conduct Neuropsychological Tests: Lessons Learned
There are no published guidelines regarding remotely training research assistants (RAs) to conduct neuropsychological tests. With technological advances allowing for increased international collaboration within the medical and research communities, challenges often arise from such partnerships, including linguistic, cultural, and physical barriers. A notable challenge for supervising neuropsychologists in international projects is the physical distance from RAs, sites, and materials, making training/supervision of RAs and monitoring test data quite challenging. In the context of a research collaboration between neuropsychologists based in New York and RAs based in Kerala, India, as part of the Kerala-Einstein Study, we explore the obstacles of remotely training RAs and maintaining neuropsychological data integrity. We share lessons learned and systems developed to optimize remote, multilingual, cross-cultural training of RAs in administration/scoring of neuropsychological tests. One-on-one video training sessions mitigated logistical problems (i.e., time differences, internet connection, language comfort). Individualized training in scoring and a centralized individual to double-score protocols addressed quality assurance of test data. Close collaboration between our teams was necessary for cultural competency, particularly when building an appropriate test battery, creating and translating manuals, and adapting protocols. Finally, frequent and ongoing communication channels ensured excellence in study design, information gathering, and data quality. Future studies should continue highlighting strategies for remotely training psychometrics/RAs in neuropsychological administration. 2025 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. -
Phenomenology and constraints of an extended modified gravity in Weyl geometry
We explore a novel class of modified gravity theories built upon Weyl geometry, where the Weyl connection introduces additional geometric degrees of freedom beyond general relativity. By promoting the Weyl field to a dynamical entity with a generalized potential, the resulting modified gravity theory naturally incorporates degrees of freedom arising from both the Weyl field and the scalaron embedded in the non-linear Ricci scalar function. Crucially, the field equations remain second-order, ensuring stability and avoiding Ostrogradsky instabilities. To test its viability, we confront this theory with observational data from Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, cosmic chronometers, and Type Ia supernovae, constraining its free parameters through statistical analysis. Our results show strong agreement with observations, supporting a quintessence-like accelerating cosmic expansion and alleviating the Hubble tension. These findings establish modified gravity as a compelling extension of standard cosmology. 2025 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Non-linear solar EUV-driven sodium release from the lunar surface: a contrast to the linear PSD model
The correlation between solar Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) radiation above 8.8eV and the release of sodium from the lunar surface via photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) is investigated. We use simultaneous measurements of EUV photon flux and Na optical spectral line flux (FNa) from the lunar exosphere. Data were acquired with the high-resolution (R?72000) Echelle Spectrograph on the 2.34-m Vainu Bappu Telescope during the lunar first quarter (2024 JanuaryMarch), observing NaI D2 and D1 flux at altitudes below ?590km from the surface. Simultaneous EUV and FUV measurements were acquired from the GOES-R Series Extreme Ultraviolet Sensor (EUVS), while NUV data were obtained from the Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) aboard the ISS. We correlated FNa with EUV photon flux from EUVS across six bands spanning 2561405 (48.58.8eV) and NUV (20004000 from TSIS-1. A non-linear rise in lunar exospheric sodium with increasing EUV and FUV fluxes was observed, contrasting with previous linear PSD models. The EUV radiation above 10eV drives sodium release, with 256-304wavelengths as dominant contributors. Additionally, the NUV flux and FNa are positively correlated, indicating the role of sodium release. The zenith column density averages 3.3 109 atoms cm-2, with Characteristic temperatures averaging at ?6700K and scale heights of ?1500km. Elevated temperatures and sodium densities during solar activity suggest enhanced Na release during flares. These results emphasize the need for a revised PSD model above 8.8 eV and improved constraints on the PSD cross-section. The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Padcosmography and its insights into teleparallel gravity
We investigate the viability of a modified teleparallel gravity model, specifically within the framework of gravity, by implementing two complementary approaches for cosmological parameter estimation. In the first approach, we incorporate the model into a Pad(2,1) parametrization of the Luminosity distance, enabling a stable and accurate description of the cosmic expansion history across redshift. In the second, we directly solve the modified first Friedmann equation arising from the same model. Both approaches are subjected to a comprehensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis using the latest cosmological observations, including cosmic chronometers, gravitational wave standard sirens, DESI BAO DR2, the Pantheon + SH0ES compilation, and Union3. We find that the parameter constraints obtained from the Padbased formulation are in close agreement with those from the direct dynamical method, highlighting the internal consistency of the scenario and the effectiveness of Padexpansions in confronting modified gravity theories with data. In fact, both methods exhibit a better fit than the standard lambda cold dark matter (CDM) model in light of the DESI DR2 and Union3 observations. In addition, we present a detailed account of the Bayesian analysis methodology and compile a comprehensive set of the most recent and relevant cosmological data sets used in our study. 2025 The Author(s).