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rGO-MoO3 Nanocomposite for superior methylene blue removal by adsorption and photocatalysis
Efficient MoO3 and rGO (0.5,1,2 wt.%)-MoO3 nanosorbent was prepared by facile hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques confirms the orthorhombic phase. Remarkably in 10 ppm MB dye, complete removal was observed for 1:3, 1:5, 1:3.3, 1:3 (mass of catalyst: volume of dye solution) ratio for pure, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% rGO-MoO3 nanocomposite, by merely stirring for one hour without any light exposure. The adsorption mechanism was examined in detail using different models including Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo second-order kinetic model. The composite sample, rGO (0.5 wt.%)-MoO3 is the most efficient nanosorbent whereas rGO (2 wt.%)-MoO3 showed the least adsorption. rGO (2 wt.%)-MoO3 was further used for time dependent study in the presence of UV and in the dark. The presence of UV enhances removal due to the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis. Scavenger studies were performed to analyze the mechanism of photocatalysis. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Rheology-dependent surface wave characteristics in an advanced geomaterial flexoelectric plate with viscoelastic coating
This study investigates the transmission of seismic surface waves in a composite framework comprising a viscoelastic layer overlying a flexoelectric material. The study focuses on understanding the impact of different viscoelastic models (Maxwell, Newtonian, and Kelvin-Voigt) and interface conditions (smooth and welded contact) on the damping and dispersion characteristics of these waves. To achieve this, the study employs a variable-separable technique and appropriate boundary conditions to derive complex frequency relations for electrically open and short circuits scenarios. These relations are subsequently divided into real and imaginary parts to examine the dispersion and dampening properties, respectively. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the response of flexoelectric coefficient, viscoelastic layer thickness, and bonding parameter on phase velocity and dampening coefficient. The research findings indicate that the attenuation properties of the Maxwell and Newtonian models are lower compared to the Kelvin-Voigt model. Graphical comparisons highlight the influence of viscoelastic models and interface characteristics on wave propagation. This research can help in the development of sensors, energy harvesters, and wave manipulation devices that employ flexoelectric materials with viscoelastic coatings. Knowledge of surface wave dynamics in these structures is vital for their optimal performance. 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. -
Rheostatic effect of a magnetic field on the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in a five-dimensional magnetoconvective Lorenz system
This paper deals with a weakly nonlinear study of two-dimensional RayleighBard magnetoconvection using a simplified five-dimensional Lorenz model. The governing equations of the system are nondimensionalized and formulated in terms of the stream function and the scalar magnetic potential. A five-modal Fourier truncation scheme is employed and the resulting equations are scaled to obtain a five-dimensional autonomous dynamical system. The Hopf-Rayleigh number, signifying Hopf bifurcation, is numerically evaluated from the analysis of weakly nonlinear stability. Chaotic and periodic motions are depicted by plotting bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) diagrams and three-dimensional projections of the phase-space. For a fixed set of parameter values, increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field is found to increase the Hopf-Rayleigh number, thereby delaying the destabilization of the system's equilibrium points. It is shown that while low magnetic field strengths favor the onset of chaotic motion directly from the steady state, stronger magnetic field strengths favor the onset of periodic convection from the steady state prior to the appearance of chaotic motion. We observe here that the applied magnetic field regulates the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in the system and therefore, has a rheostatic control over chaotic and periodic behaviors. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Rheostatic effect of a magnetic field on the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in a five-dimensional magnetoconvective Lorenz system
This paper deals with a weakly nonlinear study of two-dimensional RayleighBard magnetoconvection using a simplified five-dimensional Lorenz model. The governing equations of the system are nondimensionalized and formulated in terms of the stream function and the scalar magnetic potential. A five-modal Fourier truncation scheme is employed and the resulting equations are scaled to obtain a five-dimensional autonomous dynamical system. The Hopf-Rayleigh number, signifying Hopf bifurcation, is numerically evaluated from the analysis of weakly nonlinear stability. Chaotic and periodic motions are depicted by plotting bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) diagrams and three-dimensional projections of the phase-space. For a fixed set of parameter values, increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field is found to increase the Hopf-Rayleigh number, thereby delaying the destabilization of the system's equilibrium points. It is shown that while low magnetic field strengths favor the onset of chaotic motion directly from the steady state, stronger magnetic field strengths favor the onset of periodic convection from the steady state prior to the appearance of chaotic motion. We observe here that the applied magnetic field regulates the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in the system and therefore, has a rheostatic control over chaotic and periodic behaviors. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Rhetoric as an instrument for manipulation and distortion of truth an analysis of Orwell's 1984
Aristotle, in his Rhetoric, points out that all individuals indulge in rhetoric to demonstrate the truth or righteousness in what one wants to say. Problems arise only when rhetoric is used to appeal to emotions, rather than reason. In the current times, when rhetoric is used by leaders for propaganda, to whip up emotions in terms of nationalism and racism, George Orwell's remark that "political language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable,"6 sounds relevant. The author examines Orwell's 1984 to demonstrate how rhetoric is a powerful tool in the hands of political leaders that can control the thoughts of individuals, to the extent of reducing them to non-entities. In an era where manufacture of consent is possible, the paper highlights how the quality of rhetoric has vitiated over time and the concern that the abuse of language prevalent in fascist regimes of Hitler and Stalin is slowly creeping into democracies too. A peaceful and harmonious existence is possible only when political leaders engage in responsible rhetoric and are willing to dialogue with dissenting voices. 2017 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore). -
Rhetorics in/of English language education in India: A case of digital natives in higher education programs
The study briefly analyzes the ELT situation in India which is replete with challenges emerging from the lack of engagement with the phenomenon of digitality that further shapes the existing nature of learning and the needs of the learner. After locating the position of English Language in the new education policy of India, the paper discusses the General English (GE) courses offered at undergraduate level at the city of Bangalore in India, thereby shedding light on the existing gaps between policy and practice. It is based on this conjecture that the paper suggests the possibility of introducing rhetorical practices in GE courses at undergraduate levels in various institutions in urban India. In order to substantiate this suggestion, the results of a survey conducted with the learners (N=359) of a GE course based on rhetorics at a Southern Indian university is provided. Empirical data along with a brief reflection on the learners' voices are used in the study to examine the efficacy of the structure, administration and evaluation practices of this new course. The study thus opens up possibilities of initiating a discourse around the mode in which English language education and teaching is envisioned, formulated and implemented in undergraduate programs across urban India. 2020 ELE Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Ricci recurrent almost kenmotsu 3-manifolds
In this paper, we obtain that a Ricci recurrent 3-dimensional almost Kenmotsu manifold with constant scalar curvature satisfying ?? h = 0, h ? 0, is locally isometric to the Riemannian product H2 (?4). 2021, University of Nis. All rights reserved. -
Ricci solitons and certain related metrics on almost co-kaehler manifolds
In the paper, we study a Ricci soliton and a generalized m-quasi-Einstein metric on almost co-Kaehler manifold M satisfying a nullity condition. First, we consider a non-co-Kaehler (?, )-almost co-Kaehler metric as a Ricci soliton and prove that the soliton is expanding with ? = ?2n? and the soliton vector field X leaves the structure tensors ?, ? and ? invariant. This result extends Theorem 5.1 of [32]. We construct an example to show the existence of a Ricci soliton on M. Finally, we prove that if M is a generalized (?, )-almost co-Kaehler manifold of dimension higher than 3 such that h ? 0, then the metric of M can not be a generalized m-quasi-Einstein metric, and this recovers the recent result of Wang [37, Theorem 4.1] as a special case. Devaraja Mallesha Naik, V. Venkatesha, and H. Aruna Kumara, 2020. -
Ricci solitons on Riemannian manifolds admitting certain vector field
In this paper, we initiate the study of impact of the existence of a unit vector ?, called a concurrent-recurrent vector field, on the geometry of a Riemannian manifold. Some examples of these vector fields are provided on Riemannian manifolds, and basic geometric properties of these vector fields are derived. Next, we characterize Ricci solitons on 3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds and gradient Ricci almost solitons on a Riemannian manifold (of dimension n) admitting a concurrent-recurrent vector field. In particular, it is proved that the Riemannian 3-manifold equipped with a concurrent-recurrent vector field is of constant negative curvature -?2 when its metric is a Ricci soliton. Further, it has been shown that a Riemannian manifold admitting a concurrent-recurrent vector field, whose metric is a gradient Ricci almost soliton, is Einstein. Universitdegli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" 2021. -
Rice Yield Forecasting in West Bengal Using Hybrid Model
Agriculture in India is the primary source of revenue, yet farmers still face challenges. The primary goal of agricultural development is to produce a high crop yield. The Datasets collected for the study of real-world time series include a blend of linear and nonlinear patterns. A mixture of linear and non - linear models, rather than a single linear or non - linear model, gives a more precise forecasting models for time series data. The ARIMA and ANN prediction models are combined in this paper to create a Hybrid model. This model is used to predict rice yield for all 18 West Bengal districts during the Kharif season, based on 20years of information(20002019) collected from various sources such as India Meteorological Department, Area, and production Statistics, DAV from NASA, etc. The hybrid model aims to enhance efficiency indicators such as MSE, MAE, and MAPE, demonstrating excellent performance for rice yield prediction in all the districts of West Bengal. In the future, it can be applied to other crops that can support farmers in their farming. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Riding the La Poderosa Politics, Youth, and Motorcycle Diaries in Kerala
[No abstract available] -
Riding the waves of culture: An empirical study on acclimatization of expatriates in IT industry
The forces of globalization and subsequent trade across the borders have necessitated the firms to have their presence across the globe to meet the needs of their customers. The employees or expatriates will be sent on assignment to different countries for a period of time ranging from few weeks, months to years. This sudden exposure to the different environment not only makes these expatriates vulnerable to cultural shocks, but also may significantly affect their job performance. Their failure to acclimatize to the foreign conditions will not only hurt the confidence, career and life of the expatriate, but it will also cost a lot to the company. The present paper aims to understand of the process of expatriate adjustment in the Indian Information Technology (IT) industry by examining demographic variables and few organizational variables of expatriate's adjustment process. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the expatriate employees working in 50 IT companies in the Silicon city, Bengaluru. The study uses Chi-square test and linear regression for testing the hypotheses and found that there is a significant influence of demographic variables like gender, work experience and length of assignment on acclimatization of expatriates to their host country culture. The findings of the study proved that there is a significant relationship between demographic variables and the cultural acceptance of the expatriates. Hence, it is suggested that multinational companies should create an enabling environment within the organizations to make international assignees compatible and comfortable with different cultural values and inculcate cultural acceptance to make them successful in their international assignments. Raghavendra A. N., A. Shivakanth Shetty, 2018. -
RIEMANN SOLITONS ON (?,?)-ALMOST COSYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS
In this paper, we study almost cosymplectic manifolds with nullity distributions admitting Riemann solitons and gradient almost Riemann solitons. First, we consider Riemann soliton on (?,?)-almost cosymplectic manifold M with ? < 0 and we show that the soliton is expanding with (Formula Presented) and M is locally isometric to the Lie group G?. Finally, we prove the non-existence of gradient almost Riemann soliton on a (?,?)-almost cosymplectic manifold of dimension greater than 3 with ? < 0. 2023 Korean Mathematical Society -
Right to Education Sans Development: An Analysis of the Educational Status of Children Living in Slums
India, as a developing country, has been facing many challenges. Of them, providing free and compulsory education to all its children is one such challenge. Despite many efforts by the law makers and executives, education to all the children remains a distant dream. Poverty and accessibility are cited as two important reasons for the short fall. Comparing to their counterparts, the situation of children living in slums is more vulnerable to exploitation. Taking into account this scenario, the present study attempts to understand the various problems faced by the children living in slums in pursuing their education. The researcher is hopeful of getting some valuable insights into the issue to support suitable remedial measures to improve the educational status of children living in slums. Bangalore alone holds around 570 slums and above 5 lakhs of people living in them. The constitution already gives the right for free education, up to 10th standard which can be utilized by them, which in turn can help in free and compulsory education for everyone. If the people are educated they can improve their standard of living and so be able to create an atmosphere altogether better than the slums. The study tries to look upon the role of social and economic situation of children in their education. It also seeks to understand the reasons for the attrition rate and will strive to find out if there is any discrimination the candidate faces while pursuing education. It also focusing the the relevance of the present Right to Education Act, (2010) on the light of data collected. It also tries to find out some solution to improve educational participation of children living in the slums of Bangalore. Education is the gateway to success in life. The importance of education is not realised by all. Education has been thought to bring about a qualitative difference in the life of individuals and groups. Significance is to bring about a social change through information about the provisions of education and the right of every individual to education, it is expected that the demand for education will grow. This consciousness can be brought about through the process of education itself. It is one of the most important responsibilities of the governments and people involved in human affairs to find means and ways to make it available to all on an equitable basis. With an analysis of various articles, books, journals and research findings, the paradigm of the study becomes clear. Review done in the initial stage of the study, equips the researcher in a better way to understand the various concepts, key variables, methods and the history of the topic being studied. Review of literature is a collective body of works done by scholars and published in the form of books or in the form of articles in journals or published as monograph etc. Every research starts with a Review of Literature. These materials are gathered by the researcher from many sources such as journals, books, documents etc. The Researcher feels that it is essential to understand the problems faced by slum dwellers in getting access to education in the selected slums of Bangalore. Researcher also felt it important to compare the slums as they are distinct in terms of their social and economic conditions. For the present study, the researcher has selected two slums in Bangalore urban purposefully which is Bommanahalli and Kannahalli. Each slum is distinct in terms of its character and population. From each slum, 50 households were identified randomly from households with children below the age of 15, either school going or dropouts. The researcher has used the descriptive design for the study. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe "what exists" with respect to variables or conditions relating to the educational status of children living in slums. The methods involved range from the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes over time. Researcher has used both primary and secondary data. Primary data which is provided by the researcher is an original one. Researcher has collected these data from the slums selected. For the collection of primary data, the researcher has used Focus Group Discussions, Interview schedule and Interview Guide as tools. From the study researcher has understood that these people are socially and financially backward. Their income is not enough to satiate their daily needs, which makes it further difficult for supporting education. Their backwardness and illiteracy does not give them a proper job. This results in other members of the family including housewives also to work for supporting themselves. Most of the families in order to reduce their expenses have limited themselves to nuclear family structure and also the number of children is a maximum of two. In some families the parents are not taking any initiative in educating their girl child. Most of them consider it is a waste of money. They prefer only the career for their male child. The dropout rates are very high in these two slums. In each year, 20% dropouts are registered. Financial instability or the poverty is the main cause of dropout. Most of the children are going out for work so they are not getting proper time to study. Some of them are facing discrimination from their friends and teachers .High levels of discriminations reported in private schools. Some of them are lacking support from their parents. There is no good school in their locality and the distance of the school is also a main cause for high dropout rate. The parents cannot afford the travelling cost of their children. Less attention by the teachers towards the children is also a reason. People did not know about the RTE Act and its provisions or privileges. Most of them did not get admission on the basis of RTE. Some schools have not properly implemented the RTE Act. The researcher has brought out the following suggestions for the study or the problem. These suggestions are collected from the population selected for the study. The Government should be able to implement the Right to education act. It should be effective in each and every school, rather than being only in papers. Every effort to open more and more schools for the backward section in the society should be taken into prior consideration by the Government in the centre and also within the states. More concentration on educating the slum children should also be initiated and the Government should be able to open schools in the surrounding areas of slum. Right to education act, should not only be an act in papers and something which is kept within protected walls. All efforts for publicity of the Act should be taken in by the government. It should be publicized in such a manner that all the doubts concerning the act be cleared. More and more advertisement or campaign regarding the right to education act and its facilities should be initiated. The privileges of the backward sections be made cleared to them, so that these sections of society are aware of their privileges and are able to use it. All effort should be taken by the Government to provide some more privileges to the backward sections and they should implement that in a proper way. -
Right to Health vis-vis Climate Change: A Critique From the Lens of Sustainability
The health of the population in a State is one of the preconditions for survival of humanity. Covid-19 pandemic is a reminder as to how one group of population can affect the whole world. World Health Organization defines health as 'a state of com-plete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'. Achievement of such a state and the 'right to health' is the domain of 'public health'. Climate change, as acknowledged by the UN as one of the greatest challenges, is posing threat for the realization of universal health and sustainability goal. Different risks to human health come from the complexity of climate change. Climate change requires efforts from States as well as global institutions. Keeping the above in view, this chapter examines the sustainable development perspective, the various facets of right to health and how they are getting affected by climate change. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Right to Internet Access vs. National Security Concerns: Addressing the Complex Questions of the Digital Era
The globe has made tremendous progress over the last few decades. The scientific and technological advancements have provided immense possibilities and opportunities to the world through the latest digitalization process. The present century is even termed as the digital era. Internet access is the most crucial element for the maximum utilization of digital technologies. Accordingly, the concept of digital rights evolved and identified the right to Internet access as the most essential digital right. However, several countries have not implemented this right as part of their human rights framework due to a lack of an international covenant or treaty. Besides, many countries violate the right to Internet access through many mechanisms, claiming national security grounds. In 2024, almost 300 Internet shutdowns happened across the globe, violating peoples fundamental rights. From this perspective, this chapter examines the relevance of Internet access and critically evaluates the national security defensive mechanism. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Right to Privacy and State Surveillance: An Analysis of the Legal and Ethical Challenges Concerning State Surveillance
The conflict between state surveillance and the fundamental right of privacy is apparent even at the conceptual level. The rise of advanced surveillance mechanisms has been another abetting factor to this conflict while on the other hand many theorists have been at work to find a harmonisation between them. Surveillance techniques and mechanisms have indeed been helpful in thwarting the threats to national security and keeping the integrity of a nation. The chapter analyses whether the collective good that upholds state surveillance tends to override the individual interest that advocates the right to privacy. It considers the criteria or procedures followed to arrive at such a decision and whether the authorities could have been advised to find a better solution through harmonization rather than neglecting one in favour of the other. It explores the morality behind surveillance, including the panopticon model by Bentham, which was an example of promoting moral behaviour through surveillance. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Rights based approaches to poverty reduction and development reality versus rhetoric
Over the past two decades erudite understanding of poverty has generated an overlapping consensus on what poverty entails. It is now almost universally accepted that poverty is multi-dimensional, and is a human rights violation that arises mainly from structural inequalities. The search for a holy grail of its reduction has seen widespread deployment of Rights-based newlineapproaches (RBAs), fronted by NGOs, since the turn of the century. In spite of this, coupled with a marked increase in development resources, poverty is proving to be robustly sustainable. The study determined the appropriateness and effectiveness of RBAs newlineas a guiding framework for sustainable poverty reduction and development. This entailed an assessment of the practical impact of RBAs and implementation of RBA strategies as well as identification of key variables necessary for successful rights-based development. As a descriptive survey, the study was underpinned by the pragmatism research philosophy, and employed a mixed methods approach with a concurrent embedded strategy that was largely qualitative but embedding a quantitative strand. Data were collected through interviews, observations and focus group discussions. In all 98 newlineparticipants from 25 villages and 9 organisations were directly studied newline(excluding observations) and were selected using probability and nonprobability sampling methods. Data were analysed using the thematic approach and SPSS. The results of the study highlighted that poverty which had increased during the period covered by the study, is still largely defined from the basic needs and income perspectives, and attributed to individual deficiencies. newlineUnderstanding of RBAs is weak and orientation on RBAs to staff and partners was inadequate. While the quality of development programs improved under RBAs, the quantity and distribution of development outputs and outcomes did not improve. -
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Rights of Indigenous Peoples Vis-a-Vis Environmental Justice in the Himalayan Region
In the global mountain ecosystems, the Himalayan region has a unique place. These geo-dynamically vibrant mountains are home to a diverse range of flora, fauna, human populations, and cultures. Although the region is rich in natural resources, most of its population remains marginalised. The Himalayan environment and people have been closely intertwined since antiquity. However, the conditions in this delicate resource region are currently getting worse due to human activities. The attempts to modify the Himalayan environment for developmental purposes have been causing environmental imbalance significantly impacting the security of the Himalayan ecosystem and its inhabitants. Environmental justice demands addressing environmental issues in the Himalayan region from the viewpoint of impacted and indigenous peoples communities. Acknowledging the aforementioned, this chapter endeavours to explore, examine and comprehend the notion of environmental justice concerning the rights and interests of the indigenous population inhabiting the Himalayan region. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.