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Synthesis, Adsorptive Properties and Applications of Modified Aluminum Oxyhydroxide-PVA Films
Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in polymer films and newlinemetal-incorporated polymer films because of their distinctive characteristics and newlinepotential applications. The effectiveness of alumina or modified alumina polymer films newlineas adsorbents or catalysts is greatly influenced by their surface properties, texture, chemical composition, and thermal stability. This thesis describes the synthesis of aluminum oxyhydroxide - polyvinyl alcohol composite films by sol-gel method. The synthesized films were modified by incorporating transition metals and cross-linking agents depending on the desired application as a catalyst or adsorbent. The synthesized films were characterized using different techniques, like powder X-ray diffraction studies (pXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Raman spectra, BrunauerEmmett-Teller surface area (BET), Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) isotherm, atomic newlineforce microscopy, optical profilometry, thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning electron newlinemicroscopy (S.E.M), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the newlinestructural and textural properties. The films were deployed as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from water as well as catalysts for industrially important organic transformations. The results of the characterization studies were used to correlate the surface characteristics and adsorptive capacities of the fabricated films. The films were found to have tuneable surface properties and enhanced adsorptive newlinebehaviour, which could be modified as per the application. Transition metalincorporated films exhibited remarkable adsorption properties for the elimination of heavy metals and organic dyes from aqueous solution. The adsorption reaction kinetics newlinewere investigated to ascertain the rate and mechanism of the reaction to improve the newlineefficiency, economic efficiency and environmental sustainability of the reaction. -
Synthesis and characterization of Poly-Vinyl Alcohol-Alumina composite film: An efficient adsorbent for the removal of Chromium (VI) from water
Composite poly vinyl alcohol-alumina films were synthesized by a novel eco-friendly route in the absence of template. The physico-chemical nature of the synthesized film was studied using different characterization techniques. The poly vinyl alcohol-alumina composite film was found to be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Chromium (VI) at higher concentrations from water. The preparation conditions were optimized to synthesize an efficient adsorbent film for the removal of chromium. The surface properties, chemical composition and amorphous nature of the film confirmed by different characterisation techniques attributes to the chromium removal efficiency of the film. Poly vinyl alcohol-alumina films are economically cheap, easy to prepare, efficient adsorbent for removal of chromium (VI) eco-friendly in nature and reusable with effortless regeneration methods. 2022 -
Correlation of Surface Properties and Catalytic Activity of Metal Aluminophosphates
Alumina and its modified forms have gained significant interest in recent years as potential material for a wide variety of industrial applications. Aluminophosphates were reported as one of the promising catalytic materials in organic transformations. The catalytic activity of a material is always associated with the nature of active centers available on the surface of a catalyst. The incorporation of metal ions into aluminophosphates is of particular interest for the design of the novel catalysts. The post and pretreatment methods followed for the synthesis of the material determines the structural and textural properties of the material. The transition metal loading over aluminophosphates play a significant role in the generation of surface-active sites. This chapter deals with simple ecofriendly synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and catalytic activity of metal aluminophosphates. The chapter mainly explains the correlation of surface properties and catalytic activity of metal aluminophosphates in industrially important organic transformations. 2023 selection and editorial matter, Anitha Varghese and Gurumurthy Hegde; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Synergistic effect of metals and cross linkers on surface modification of iron aluminum oxyhydroxide-PVA polymer films for enhanced catalytic activity in transesterification reaction
Iron-incorporated aluminum oxyhydroxide polyvinyl alcohol films (Fe-Al-PVA) were synthesized using the solgel method. The influence of cross-linking agents on the aluminum oxyhydroxide films was investigated by incorporating glutaraldehyde into the synthesized films. Various characterization techniques were employed to understand the physico-chemical properties that affect the catalytic and adsorptive behavior of the self-supported films. The liquid phase transesterification of terpenes was used to test the catalytic activity of the films for the synthesis of industrially important terpene esters. The products were analyzed using GC, GCMS, and NMR techniques, and optimization studies were carried out under different experimental conditions. The reaction scope was expanded to a wider range of organic compounds, and a possible reaction mechanism was proposed. This study demonstrates the design and modification of efficient bimetallic polymer film catalyst for organic transformations. 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Facile synthesis of aluminum oxyhydroxide-PVA films and its adsorptive evaluation for the removal of methylene blue dye from water: kinetics, optimization studies and mechanism
Aluminum oxyhydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol films were synthesized by the solgel method with varying metal-polymer ratios. The results of the characterization confirmed the formation of aluminum oxyhydroxideand the incorporation of metal into the polymer. The adsorption isotherms of the film exhibited type IV isotherms indicating the mesoporous nature with a non-uniform pore size distribution. The optical profilometric studies confirmed the surface roughness of the film. The adsorptive nature of the film was tested for the removal of methylene blue dye from the aqueous solution. Optimization studies were conducted to investigate the effect of various parameters on the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherms of methylene blue fit with the Langmuir isotherm model and follow a pseudo-second-order equation. A suitable reaction mechanism was proposed, which confirms the adsorptive nature of the film is due to the electrostatic attraction. The synergetic effect of the metal-polymer blend, surface roughness and pore size of the film, which ranges from 0.01 to 0.025nm,enhances the adsorption of methylene blue. The comparison of results obtained in the current study with earlier reports confirms that the aluminum oxyhydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol films can be considered an eco-friendly, cost-effective adsorbent for removing methylene blue. 2023, The Polymer Society, Taipei. -
Synergetic effects of cross-linking and incorporation of Fe-Al bimetallic combination on the properties of polyvinyl alcohol novel films
Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporated with Fe-Al bimetallic combination novel films were synthesized by sol-gel method in the presence of glutaraldehyde (GA). The results of FTIR spectra confirmed the cross-linking between PVA and GA, resulted in the formation of rigid molecular chains. The comparison of thermograms of pure PVA and Fe-Al PVA films cured with GA indicated the enhanced thermal stability of the cured films. The electrical properties of the pure PVA films and bimetallic PVA films cured with GA were studied in the frequency range 100 Hz to 100 kHz. The current study explains the effect of GA and incorporation of Fe-Al bimetallic combination towards the structural modification and dielectric properties like dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac conductivity, polarization, and permittivity of the cured PVA films. The variation of the storage modulus of cured PVA films as a function of temperature has also been studied. 2023, Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
A Comparative Study of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms to Predict Crop Production
Agriculture is a field that plays an essential part in strengthening a country's economy, especially in agrarian countries like India, where agriculture and crop productivity play a large role in the economy. The research focuses on comparing machine learning and Deep learning algorithms in predicting total crop yield production. The parameters considered for the study are State name, District name, Year, Season, Crop, Area and Production. The dataset is resourced from the data.gov.in website. Random forest from Machine Learning and Sequential model from Deep learning are compared, and the performance metric considered for the study is R2 score. The objective is to assess how well the independent variable predicts the variance in the dependent variable. Random Forest algorithm achieved an R2 score of 0.89, whereas Deep Learning Sequential algorithm gave an R2 score of 0.29. 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
Smart Traffic Systems: Revolutionizing Road Transport with AI and Image Processing
In the past few years, Big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) inclusion have changed the dynamics in various industries, including road transport. This research explores machine learning and artificial intelligence in road transportation, accentuating the advanced image processing methods. We apply these technologies to enhance how traffic is managed, how safe vehicles are operated, and how the most efficient routes are planned. This study also expands to various techniques and methods for analysis, such as image processing, object recognition, and recognition systems, and is effective in implementation. Through extensive experiments and several case studies, we have shown substantial improvements in accuracy and efficiency achieved when image processing in road transport, including machine learning and artificial intelligence. This study points out the tremendous prospects posed by these technologies in shaping the future of transport and suggests further developments and applications. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Securing patient information: A multilayered cryptographic approach in IoT healthcare
The increasing integration of devices utilising the of Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare has resulted in the collection of an unparalleled volume of patient data. Personal identifiers, insurance information, medical history, and health monitoring measures are all included in a complete dataset. Ensuring security and privacy of IoT devices is crucial in the healthcare sector. The goal of this project is to combine steganography with three different cryptographic algorithms to develop a hybrid cryptographic technique. Among the algorithms under investigation are steganography, Caesar cipher, columnar transposition cipher, and one-time pad. Every encryption scheme uses three keys to encrypt patient data. The encrypted data is subsequently encoded into an image file through image-based steganography. To ensure confidentiality and authentication, an authorised user can decrypt the file through a designated decryption process, maintaining the integrity of patient data. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Securing patient information: A multilayered cryptographic approach in IoT healthcare
The increasing integration of devices utilising the of Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare has resulted in the collection of an unparalleled volume of patient data. Personal identifiers, insurance information, medical history, and health monitoring measures are all included in a complete dataset. Ensuring security and privacy of IoT devices is crucial in the healthcare sector. The goal of this project is to combine steganography with three different cryptographic algorithms to develop a hybrid cryptographic technique. Among the algorithms under investigation are steganography, Caesar cipher, columnar transposition cipher, and one-time pad. Every encryption scheme uses three keys to encrypt patient data. The encrypted data is subsequently encoded into an image file through image-based steganography. To ensure confidentiality and authentication, an authorised user can decrypt the file through a designated decryption process, maintaining the integrity of patient data. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Pure red luminescence and concentration-dependent tunable emission color from europium-doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles
Nano-sized Eu3+-doped ZnS particles were prepared by chemical precipitation method using polyethylene glycol as capping agent. The structural and morphological studies of ZnS:Eu3+ nanoparticles were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results show that ZnS:Eu3+ nanoparticles have a cubic structure for all Eu3+ concentrations. Dependence of doping concentration on the photoluminescence (PL) of ZnS:Eu3+ nanophosphor was studied for excitations at 395nm and 465nm. At 395-nm excitation, emission colors of ZnS:Eu3+ nanophosphor lie in blue, green, yellow, and red regions of chromaticity diagram for different doping concentrations. But for all doping concentrations we got red emission when the excitation wavelength was 465nm and the color purity was 92% for 0.03M doped sample. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Highly luminescent ZnS:Mn quantum dots capped with aloe vera extract
This study demonstrates the optical properties of ZnS:Mn2+ qquantum dots synthesized by simple and eco-friendly chemical precipitation method using aloe vera (AV) extract as the stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL spectroscopy. Increase in band gap energy with decrease in particle size was observed from DRS studies due to quantum confinement effect. Dominant yellow emission was observed from characteristic 4T1?6A1 transitions of the Mn2+ions in the ZnS:Mn/AV nanoparticles. The results provide insight to the quantum confinement effect that occur and how it affect decay life time of the ZnS:Mn2+/AV nanoparticles. 2020 Elsevier Ltd -
Formation and photoluminescence of ZnS:Tb nanoparticles stabilized by polyethylene glycol
ZnS nanoparticles doped with 1 mol.% of Tb have been prepared at 70 C by simple chemical precipitation method using poly ethylene glycol (PEG) as capping agent. The synthesized nanoparticles have been analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. From X-ray diffraction analysis, it was found that nanostructured ZnS:Tb particles exhibited cubic structure with an average crystallite size of 2.75 nm. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the doped sample exhibited broad emission in the visible region with multiple peaks at 395 and 412 nm due to 5D3?7F6and 7F5transitions and 492, 536, 600, 653 and 680 nm due to 5D4?7F67F57F4,7F1and 7F0transitions. 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
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Setting benchmarks through Destination Management Organizations (DMOs): A study on the tourism policy of Karnataka, India /
Asian Journal of Management Sciences, Vol.2, Issue 6, pp.33-39, ISSN No: 2348-0351. -
A literature review on destination management organization /
Zenith International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol.4, Issue 12, pp.675-681, ISSN No: 2231-5780. -
Medical Tourism in South India - A Relative Study of the Principal participants in hospital and hospitality industry in South India
International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering Vol.3, ISSUE 1, pp. 613-626 ISSN No. 2249-0558 -
Hydrogen-enriched dual-fuel CI engine fueled with Mahua biodiesel and hybrid nano-additives: Integrated experiments, explainable machine learning, and multi-objective optimization
Hydrogen-enriched dual-fuel compression-ignition (CI) engines are a potential pathway towards higher efficiency and lower carbon-intensive emissions. Studies conducted so far have considered hydrogen enrichment, biodiesel fuels, nano-additives, and data-driven optimization as separate entities; hence, there is no integration or comprehensive understanding about them, which leads to an efficiency-nitrogen oxides trade-off. This study presents an integrated experimental-machine learning-explainable artificial intelligence-multi-objective optimization framework for a hydrogen-assisted dual-fuel CI engine fueled with a Mahua biodiesel-diesel (B20) blend and hybrid nano-additives (Al2O3TiO2 and CeO2-MWCNT, 50-100ppm). Experimental results indicated that hydrogen enrichment hybridized with nano-additives improves brake thermal efficiency by 8-14% and reduces brake-specific fuel consumption by 10-18%. HC, CO, and smoke emissions are reduced by up to 35%, 32%, and 45%, respectively. There is a moderate increase in NOx by 12-28%. Machine-learning models achieved high predictive accuracy (R2>0.99). The XGBoost exhibited superior generalization. The SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis found that the dominant factors were engine load, the hydrogen energy share, and the concentration of nano-additives. The XGBoost-Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (XGBMOGWO) framework created Pareto-optimal solutions showing a strong and interpretable pathway for advancing trade-offs between efficiency and emissions in dual-fuel engines. 2026 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Power law in tails of bourse volatility – evidence from India /
Investment Management And Financial Innovations, Vol.16, Issue 1, pp.291-298 -
Multifractal analysis of volatility for detection of herding and bubble: evidence from CNX Nifty HFT /
Investment Management And Financial Innovations, Vol.16, Issue 3, pp.182-193