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Superstitious Beliefs: Demographic Correlates and Its Relation with Self Efficacy
People from every culture exhibit superstitious beliefs and behaviours in large numbers. The superstitious concepts that are ingrained in Indian culture are highly diverse and may not be similar to those found in Western civilizations. In India, there has only recently begun and there is very little research in this field. The sample for the study was selected using a convenient sampling method. The study followed a quantitative approach within a positivistic paradigm. The research is aimed at establishing a relation among the demographic correlates of superstitions as well as its relation with self-efficacy. The participants were chosen from a larger group of individuals 1778 who lived in the South Indian states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka and various demographic correlates of superstitions in India were analysed. The tools used for evaluation include the General self-efficacy scale (Schwarzer & Jersalem, 1995) and the Superstitious Belief Scale. Demographic correlates of superstitious beliefs indicate differences based on age, gender, religion, education, and geographic location. Superstitious beliefs were found prevalent in various demographics and demonstrated an inverse relationship with self-efficacy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Supervised Learning-Based Data Classification and Incremental Clustering
Using supervised learning-based data classification and incremental clustering, an unknown example can be classified using the most common class among K-nearest examples. The KNN classifier claims, Tell me who your neighbors are, and it will tell you who you are. The supervised learning-based data classification and incremental clustering technique is a simple yet powerful approach with applications in computer vision, pattern recognition, optical character recognition, facial recognition, genetic pattern recognition, and other fields. Its also known as a slacker learner because it doesnt develop a model to classify a given test tuple until the very last minute. When we say yes or no, there may be an element of chance involved. However, the fact that a diner can recognise an invisible food using his senses of taste, flavour, and smell is highly fascinating. At first, there can be a brief data collection phase: what are the most noticeable spices, aromas, and textures? Is the flavour of the food savoury or sweet? This information can then be used by the diner to compare the bite to other items he or she has had in the past. Earthy flavours may conjure up images of mushroom-based dishes, while briny flavours may conjure up images of fish. We view the discovery process through the lens of a slightly modified adage: if it smells like a duck and tastes like a chicken, youre probably eating chicken. This is a case of supervised learning in action. Machine learning can benefit from supervised learning, which is a concept that can be applied to it (ML). 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Supervised machine learning technique for efficient management of cloud resources /
Patent Number: 202241053590, Applicant: Dr. S Balamurugan.
It is reported in literature that nearly 4.57 billion people access Internet, covering nearly 59% of global population as per 2020 statistics. With huge number of Internet users and large volumes of data, the need for secure and fault-tolerant web applications increases. Huge volumes of data are not only consumed, but are also converted and copied among multiple computing resources. Proposed is a Supervised Machine Learning Technique for efficient management of cloud resources. -
Supervised machine learning technique for efficient management of cloud resources /
Patent Number: 202241053590, Applicant: Dr. S Balamurugan.
It is reported in literature that nearly 4.57 billion people access Internet, covering nearly 59% of global population as per 2020 statistics. With huge number of Internet users and large volumes of data, the need for secure and fault-tolerant web applications increases. Huge volumes of data are not only consumed, but are also converted and copied among multiple computing resources. Proposed is a Supervised Machine Learning Technique for efficient management of cloud resources. -
Supply Chain 4.0: The Digital Twin Revolution
The chapter explores the transformative role of digital twin technology in the evolution of modern supply chains. As businesses confront increasing complexity, volatility, and sustainability demands, digital twins offer realtime, data-driven solutions to simulate, monitor, and optimize supply chain processes. This chapter examines the integration of digital twins across logistics, inventory, demand forecasting, and sustainability tracking, highlighting their ability to enhance agility, resilience, and efficiency. It also addresses critical enablers such as IoT, AI, cloud computing, and discusses ethical, legal, and regulatory considerations in implementation. Through a strategic lens, it offers guidelines for adoption, policy recommendations, and identifies research gaps for future exploration. Positioned at the intersection of Industry 4.0 and sustainability, the digital twin revolution is redefining the future of supply chain management. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
SUPPLY CHAIN ENTRAINMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A STUDY IN CONTEXT OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR; [SYNCHRONIZACJA ?A?CUCHA DOSTAW A WYDAJNO?? ORGANIZACYJNA: BADANIE W KONTEK?CIE SEKTORA PRODUKCYJNEGO]
The manufacturing industry is growing more complex and dynamic, demanding a deeper insight into the factors that promote synchronization and boost productivity. In this context, the emerging concept of Supply Chain Entrainment (SCE), which promotes the synchronisation and alignment of processes, activities, and flow across the supply chain, can lead to sustainable growth. This study investigates the impact of SCE on Organizational Performance (OP) within manufacturing organizations. Specifically, it examines how synchronizing measures between supply chain partners influence performance outcomes. This study employs partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyse the effects of SCE facilitators on supplier collaboration, information exchange, and process integration. Additionally, the moderating role of technology adoption on the SCE-OP interrelationship has been studied, acknowledging its crucial influence in today's rapidly evolving digital landscape. The results support a positive effect of supplier collaboration, information sharing, and process integration on SCE and underscore that these are essential factors in accomplishing a harmonized and efficient supply chain. Furthermore, the study provides a direct and meaningful relationship between SCE and OP. This highlights the strategic importance of a supply chain that has been well-entrained in the overall success of the organization. This focus on technology adoption enhances the study's relevance and offers valuable insights for managers operating in the current business environment. The findings from the study contribute valuable knowledge to academicians and industry practitioners, deepening our understanding of manufacturing supply chain dynamics and effective management strategies. 2025, Czestochowa University of Technology. All rights reserved. -
Supply chain leadership in emerging markets: Understanding the role of trust, information management, and collaboration
The massive growth of emerging economies in last two decades has attracted many global companies to expand their physical presence in these countries. But the ability to take advantage of those opportunities is only available to companies that appreciate the environmental challenges and complexity of the region. The lexicon of extant literature focuses on enhancing supply chain leadership and development of efficient and effective strategies in developed economies, yet the corresponding literature in emerging economies is very fragmented. The aim of this chapter is to synthesize the current literature to understand the phenomenon including its definitions, dimensions, and constructs and to propose a conceptual model for successful supply chain leadership in emerging markets. The study tries to understand and establish the impact of various factors of supply chain leadership, which leads to sustainable supply chain performance. Collaboration and information management emerge as the major drivers for supply chain leadership in emerging markets and identifies trust as a mediating factor. 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Supply chain performance measurement practices of Indian industries
In any industry, the supply chain performance plays a crucial role and it is vital in growth of the industry. Through this study, an attempt is made to find some insight to the supply chain performance measurement practices of Indian industries through an exploratory survey. The study reveals almost all the respondents (84%) felt that supply chain performance measurement system employed in their organisation has a clear purpose. Also, the study reveals that most supply chain performance measurement system provides high importance to quality measurements and includes both financial and non-financial indicators. The Multivariate analysis revealed three factors emerged from this study are 'Strategic Orientation' followed by 'Internal Focus' and 'Motivation and Control'. The study contributes to understanding the objectives of implementing supply chain performance measurement systems and metrics (measures) used in supply chain performance measurement systems. ExcelingTech Pub. -
Support value based convultional neural networks system for internet of things /
Patent Number: 202041043751, Applicant: Dr.S.Selvakanmani.
The Traffic Congestion is one of major problem in Internet of Things (IOT) occurs due to insufficient data transfer between the Sensor nodes or due to data perception. Data perception in the IOT guarantee the information being detected by the sensors, information is recouped from the sensor network without having any redundancies. -
Support Vector Machine Performance Improvements by Using Sine Cosine Algorithm
The optimization of parameters has a crucial influence on the solution efficacy and the accuracy of the support vector machine (SVM) in the machine learning domain. Some of the typical approaches for determining the parameters of the SVM consider the grid search approach (GS) and some of the representative swarm intelligence metaheuristics. On the other side, most of those SVM implementations take into the consideration only the margin, while ignoring the radius. In this paper, a novel radiusmargin SVM approach is implemented that incorporates the enhanced sine cosine algorithm (eSCA). The proposed eSCA-SVM method takes into the account both maximizing the margin and minimizing the radius. The eSCA has been used to optimize the penalty and RBF parameter in SVM. The proposed eSCA-SVM method has been evaluated against four binary UCI datasets and compared to seven other algorithms. The experimental results suggest that the proposed eSCA-SVM approach has superior performances in terms of the average classification accuracy than other methods included in the comparative analysis. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Supporting educators with addiction: Intentional learning communities in higher education
This study explores the transformative potential of Intentional Learning Communities (ILCs) in supporting educators facing addiction. By integrating psychometric tools like the Multidimensional Addiction Behaviour Scale (MABS), which evaluates psychological, biological, social and environmental factors, cognitive and behavioral patterns, and motivation and readiness for change, ILCs provide personalized support that enhances mental health and professional growth. The research underscores the urgent need to prioritize educator well-being within the educational ecosystem. ILCs create a structured, empathetic environment that fosters recovery, resilience, and better educational outcomes. The study calls for robust institutional support to ensure the successful integration of ILCs, highlighting their broader positive impact on students, schools, and the overall educational landscape. The findings advocate for holistic approaches to building a healthier, more inclusive educational environment. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Suppression and redfinition of self in the selct novels of Toni Morrison and ALice Walker
Literature is a mirror held onto the society that reflects the culture, history and socio-political issues of specific periods. Books have the uniqueness of transforming lives by weaving characters, to whom we are able to relate their trials, tribulations and achievements become our own. Although confined to the Afro-American milieu, Alice Walker s The Color Purple and Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye, Sula and Beloved raises issues and concerns that are universal to women across the globe. These writers try to lend voice to an otherwise marginalized and newlinesuppressed group of women, who have been denied a dignified existence. This research, through the methodology of critical analysis and interpretation of texts, tries to understand the concept of self, from the western and eastern perspectives. In the due process, the various factors that contribute to the formation of an individual s self are also identified. Through an analysis of the newlinefemale protagonists in the works of Morrison and Walker, this study examines how it is possible for a woman to progress from the margins to a position that is central, from object to subject. newlineMost often, women are not even conscious that they too have an individuality of their own and need to lead a dignified life. Having got so habituated to oppression, it has almost become a way of life for them. They need to be conscious and aware of the fact that they have to create a space of their own, without compromising on their individuality and dignity. When they fail to do this,they just stagnate and become mere pawns in the hands of men and tend to get exploited. Most of newlinethe female protagonists discussed in this study, go through this phase and are unable to extricat themselves from the traumatized conditions that engulf them. newlineThis study clearly focuses on how women need to be conscious of what is happening to them and realize that they are being deprived of their individuality and dignity. -
Supreme court dialogue classification using machine learning models
Legal classification models help lawyers identify the relevant documents required for a study. In this study, the focus is on sentence level classification. To be more precise, the work undertaken focuses on a conversation in the supreme court between the justice and other correspondents. In the study, both the nae Bayes classifier and logistic regression are used to classify conversations at the sentence level. The performance is measured with the help of the area under the curve score. The study found that the model that was trained on a specific case yielded better results than a model that was trained on a larger number of conversations. Case specificity is found to be more crucial in gaining better results from the classifier. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Surface acoustic waves in a layered piezoelectric plate with considered surface effects
In an attempt to remove such impediments in the technological revolution of surface acoustics waves (SAW) sensors, the main objective of the current work is to study how wave propagation direction effects the performance of SAW macro- and nano-sensors. In order to investigate the propagation of shear horizontal (SH) and anti-plane SH waves in piezoelectric materials with surface effects, a model has been presented. The wavenumber of surface waves in any direction of the piezoelectric medium is presented using the theoretical forms that are generated. To get the phase velocity equation from the wavenumber expression, we additionally use surface elasticity theory. To account for surface phenomena at the nanoscale, the model includes permittivity, surface elasticity, and piezoelectricity. Two configurations are investigated: a piezoelectric material half-space with a nano-substrate and an orthotropic piezoelectric material layer atop an elastic framework. Frequency equations for both symmetric and anti-symmetric waves are determined analytically. The crucial thickness of the piezoelectric layer, where surface energy greatly affects dispersion properties, is highlighted by numerical results. Analysis of the impact of density and surface elasticity on wave velocity reveals a boundary-like spring force. The objective of this study is to investigate the SH wave transmission behavior in anisotropic, transversely isotropic piezoelectric nanostructures. Summaries of recent theoretical work aid in the construction of more effective surface acoustic wave sensors, and the study findings may be valuable in building SAW devices and piezoelectric sensors. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Surface adsorption and anticorrosive behavior of benzimidazolium inhibitor in acid medium for carbon steel corrosion
Corrosion inhibition property of a newly synthesized 3-(4-chlorobenzoylmethyl) benzimidazolium bromide inhibitor against carbon steel corrosion in 1N hydrochloric acid solution was studied and analyzed utilizing various electrochemical methods. Electrochemical impedance study inferred that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and give 93.5% at 250ppm. Potentiodynamic polarization study emphasized that inhibitor acted as a mixed type inhibitor and the adsorption of inhibitor on the metal surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The noise results were in good correlation with other electrochemical results obtained. The increase of inhibition efficiency with concentrations of inhibitor is attributed to the blocking of the active area by the inhibitor adsorption on the metal surface. The thermodynamic parameter values were calculated and discussed to explain the adsorption mechanism of inhibitor in an acidic medium. The protective surface morphology governed by the inhibited medium was investigated using the scanning electron microscopic technique. The surface roughness of the sample in the absence and presence of inhibitor was obtained using atomic force microscopic study. The effect and reactivity of the inhibitor are further clarified with quantum chemical analysis. Finally, the corrosion protection mechanism is proposed on the ground of experimental and theoretical studies. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Surface adsorption and anticorrosive behavior of benzimidazolium inhibitor in acid medium for carbon steel corrosion /
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol.52, Issue 11, pp.1659–1674, ISSN No: 0021-891X (Print) 1572-8838 (Online).
Corrosion inhibition property of a newly synthesized 3-(4-chlorobenzoylmethyl) benzimidazolium bromide inhibitor against carbon steel corrosion in 1 N hydrochloric acid solution was studied and analyzed utilizing various electrochemical methods. Electrochemical impedance study inferred that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and give 93.5% at 250 ppm. Potentiodynamic polarization study emphasized that inhibitor acted as a mixed type inhibitor and the adsorption of inhibitor on the metal surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The noise results were in good correlation with other electrochemical results obtained. -
Surface bound copper- grafted TiO2 nanocatalyst for carbon-sulfur cross coupling reaction
This study reports the synthesis of TiO2-based nanocatalyst for efficient diarylsulfide synthesis via Ullmann-type reaction strategy, addressing challenges in conventional methods that are reliant on toxic reagents and harsh reaction conditions. The nanocatalyst comprises an amine-functionalized TiO2 core followed by copper doping. This nanocatalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in cross coupling reactions under mild conditions, achieving yields up to 5098 % with broad-substrate scope. The pure products were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectrometry. The catalyst's heterogeneous nature enables easy recovery and reuse for upto 5 cycles without any significant activity loss. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized using various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, TGA, XRD, EDX, SEM, and STEM. This approach aligns with the green chemistry principles, minimizing waste and energy consumption and replacing highly expensive transition metal catalysts. The work highlights the potential of functionalized TiO2 nanomaterials in sustainable organic synthesis, contributing to SDGs 3 (Health through safer pharmaceuticals), 9 (industry innovation), and 12 (responsible production). 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Surface Effects Study: A Continuum Approach from Fundamental Modes to Higher Modes and Topological Polarization in Orthotropic Piezoelectric Materials
The primary goal of the current work is to investigate how wave propagation influences the performance of surface acoustics wave (SAW) macro-and nano-sensors. Therefore, shear horizontal (SH) waves use the surface piezoelectricity theory to explore SH waves in an orthotropic piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) layer overlying an elastic framework (Model I), a piezoelectric substrate, and an orthotropic PQC substrate (model II). This study employs a variable-separable technique. The theoretical forms are constructed and used to present the wavenumber of surface waves in any direction of the piezoelectric medium, based on the differential equations and matrix formulation. In addition, we take into account the surface elasticity theory in order to obtain the phase velocity equation. Two configurations are examined: An orthotropic piezoelectric material layer over an elastic framework and a piezoelectric material half-space with a nanosubstrate. Analytical expressions for frequency equations are derived for both symmetric and antisymmetric waves. This study investigates the effects of surface elastic constants, surface density, anisotropic piezoelectric constant, and symmetric and antisymmetric modes on phase velocity. This study is confined to only linear wave propagation. Additionally, the analysis is based on idealized material properties, surface properties, and characteristic length of the material. Copyright 2024 by ASME. -
Surface energy transmission in dry long bones: A continuum mechanics approach with initial stress and rotation
This study examines the effect of the initial stress and a magnetic field on wave propagation in a dry long bone, modeled as an orthotropic hollow cylinder. The governing equations of motion are formulated in terms of displacements, capturing the anisotropic nature of the bone materials. A continuum mechanics approach with differential equations is utilized to compute phase velocity and vibration frequencies of harmonic wave propagation through the medium. Mathematica software is used for plotting the graphs. The current study discussed two cases: Case I is without rotation, and Case II is with rotation. Comparison analysis is also done for both cases. Graphical representations demonstrate the impact of initial stress, magnetic field, and surface span on wave behavior, emphasizing the sensitivity of phase velocity to these parameters. The findings contribute to theoretical knowledge of wave transmission in orthotropic bone structure, with possible implications in noninvasive diagnostics, including bone integrity and fracture healing rates. Moreover, the study provides the groundwork for future orthopedic research by shedding light on the dynamic behavior of long bones under mechanical and magnetic forces. The novelty of the study lies in its exploration of the combined effects of initial stress and a magnetic field on wave propagation in dry long bones, modeled as an orthotropic hollow cylinder. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Surface functionalized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their applications
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon dots (CDs) are zero-dimensional nanomaterials embodying physicochemical characteristics appropriate for novel and improved applications in various disciplines. Tunable photoluminescence, photostability, small size, low cost, biocompatibility, etc., are some of the promising features of CDs. The CDs are usually composed of a graphitic core surrounded by shell layers containing various functional groups. Surface functionalization of CDs is known to customize, and regulate the properties of CDs, thereby proliferating their applications. A variety of physical and chemical methods have been used for the preparation of CDs with tailored surfaces. The choice of the synthetic strategy generally depends on the type of surface modification required and the fluorescence behavior expected. This chapter summarizes and discusses the existing strategies for preparing surface functionalized CDs and the resultant fluorescence phenomena. The surface functionalization of CDs can decisively influence their suitability in several applications. In some applications, surface functionalization improves the existing utility, while novel utilities are emerging in others. The influence of surface functionalities of CDs on biomedical and catalytic applications has been discussed in detail in this chapter. CDs have emerged as a promising material for enhancing the performance, sustainability, and safety of various energy storage devices like batteries, supercapacitors etc. Continued research and development in this area could lead to the realization of more efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions. The chapter concludes by discussing the challenges in synthesizing surface functionalized CDs and their acceptability in biomedical and industrial applications. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.