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Reimagining Consumer Experience in the Digital Age: A Strategic and Technological Perspective
In the contemporary digital landscape, consumer experience has emerged as a strategic differentiator and a critical determinant of organizational success. This chapter is intended to elaborate the changing face of customer experience in the digital era, especially with emerging technologies, data- driven strategies, and changing consumer expectations, radically changing traditional business to consumer interactions. Advanced tools like artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics, and augmented reality are changing methods of designing, delivering, and managing customer interactions across digital and physical environments is, therefore, pertinent. In emphasizing aspects of personalization, immediacy, and engagement in real time, all these have dramatically changed consumer expectations and call for a rethink for omnichannel consistency and seamless integration. This chapter presents a realistic and future oriented picture of how an organization can strategically reinvent consumer experience in the digital age. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.. -
Facile synthesis of Sb2Se3 anchored NiO nanocomposite as an efficient electrode for hybrid supercapacitors
In this study, we aimed to develop a novel electrode material for hybrid supercapacitors by synthesizing NiO@Sb2Se3 nanocomposites and evaluating their electrochemical performance. Antimony triselenide (Sb2Se3) nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile melt diffusion technique at 700C, while nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Both nanomaterials were composited through ball milling and characterized using SEM, PXRD, SAED, HRTEM, and XPS. Electrochemical studies demonstrated that the composite delivered a specific capacity of 140.26 Fg?1 at 10?mVs?1 and 128.97 Fg?1 at 1 Ag?1 in a three-electrode configuration. A hybrid supercapacitor device assembled with PVAKOH gel electrolyte exhibited a wide potential window (02V), achieving 60.58 Cg?1 at 1 Ag?1, with an energy density of 33.65 Whkg?1 at 2000 Wkg?1, power density, and 82.3% capacity retention over 2000 cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of NiO@Sb?Se? nanocomposites as promising electrode materials for next-generation energy storage devices. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Antecedents of visual merchandising decisions: An empirical evidence /
Researchers World, Vol.8, Issue 4, pp. 107-113, ISSN No. 2231-4172. -
Social media advertising: A dimensional change creator in consumer purchase intention
The chapter discusses the importance of social media platforms, especially Instagram and YouTube, in advertising for influencing the consumer purchase intention of Generation Z. Various methods of business expansion through social media advertising have been explored. The authors examine in detail several key characteristics of social media advertising that affect consumer purchase intentions, including emotional appeal, interactivity, trust, creativity, and the role of e-word of mouth. The impact of Web 2.0 technologies on the development and effectiveness of social media advertising is emphasized, highlighting the close relationship between the Web 2.0 systems to enable the delivery of advertisements based on usage and preferences to accurately target, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of advertising campaigns mobile, Web 2.0. Implicit communication, mobile-related advertising, and mobile-specific content have become important parts of social media advertising. Researchers from various fields have drawn on rapidly evolving social media platforms, each with its own unique perspective. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Colouring of (P3? P2) -free graphs
The class of 2 K2-free graphs and its various subclasses have been studied in a variety of contexts. In this paper, we are concerned with the colouring of (P3? P2) -free graphs, a super class of 2 K2-free graphs. We derive a O(?3) upper bound for the chromatic number of (P3? P2) -free graphs, and sharper bounds for (P3? P2, diamond)-free graphs and for (2 K2, diamond)-free graphs, where ? denotes the clique number. The last two classes are perfect if ?? 5 and ? 4 respectively. 2017, Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature. -
Investigating MnSe@Y2O3 nanocomposite as an electrode for asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor
In this research work, manganese selenide (MnSe) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles have been synthesized by facile melt diffusion and hydrothermal technique which are then composited by ultrasonication. The composite MnSe@Y2O3 has been analyzed as a supercapacitor electrode. The growth structure of the composite was scrutinized systematically by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). The Trasatti and Dunn's plots have been also plotted to calculate the capacitive and diffusive contribution. The device is fabricated with PVA-KOH gel electrolyte. Also, the fabricated device MnSe@Y2O3||AC has exhibited a specific capacity of 48.39 C/g at 1 A/g through the potential window of 01.7 V. The wide potential window is evidence for high energy density. This also provides elevated energy density of 19 Wh/kg, at high power density of 1445 W/kg, and has shown brilliant cyclic stability of 70.16 % even after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Real-time human action prediction using pose estimation with attention-based LSTM network
Human action prediction in a live-streaming videos is a popular task in computer vision and pattern recognition. This attempts to identify activities in an image or video performed by a human. Artificial intelligence(AI)-based technologies are now required for the security and human behaviour analysis. Intricate motion patterns are involved in these actions. For the visual representation of video frames, conventional action identification approaches mostly rely on pre-trained weights of various AI architectures. This paper proposes a deep neural network called Attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) network for skeletal based activity prediction from a video. The proposed model has been evaluated on the BerkeleyMHAD dataset having 11 action classes. Our experimental results are compared against the performance of the LSTM and Attention-based LSTM network for 6 action classes such as Jumping, Clapping, Stand-up, Sit-down, Waving one hand (Right) and Waving two hands. Also, the proposed method has been tested in a real-time environment unaffected by the pose, camera facing, and apparel. The proposed system has attained an accuracy of 95.94% on BerkeleyMHAD dataset. Hence, the proposed method is useful in an intelligent vision computing system for automatically identifying human activity in unpremeditated behaviour. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Clues on the X-ray emission mechanism of blazars PKS 2155?304 and 3C 454.3 through polarization studies
X-ray polarization measurable with the imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) could constrain the long debated leptonic versus hadronic origin for the high energy component in the broad band spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars. We report here the results from IXPE and SED modeling of PKS 2155?304 and 3C 454.3, a high and low synchrotron peaked blazar. For PKS 2155?304, from model-independent analysis, we found polarization angle ?X = (130 2.5) deg and polarization degree ?X = (20.9 1.8)% in the 2?8 keV band in agreement with spectro-polarimetric analysis. We found ?X to vary with time and indications of it to vary between energies, suggesting that the emission regions are stratified. For 3C 454.3, we did not detect X-ray polarization in the June 2023 observation, analyzed here for the first time. The detection of X-ray polarization in PKS 2155?304 and its non-detection in 3C 454.3 is in accordance with the X-ray emission from synchrotron and inverse Compton process, respectively, operating in these sources. Further, our division of the dataset into finer time bins allows a more granular view of polarization variability. Additionally, we modeled the broadband SEDs of both the sources using data acquired quasi-simultaneously with IXPE, in the optical, UV and X-rays from Swift, AstroSat and ?-rays from Fermi. In PKS 2155?304, the observed X-ray is found to lie in the high energy tail of the synchrotron component of the SED, while in 3C 454.3 the observed X-ray lies in the rising part of the inverse Compton component of the SED. Our SED modeling along with X-ray polarization observations favor a leptonic scenario for the observed X-ray emission in PKS 2155?304. The SED modeling for these specific IXPE epochs has not been presented before, allowing us to place additional constraints on the physical conditions in the jet. These results strengthen the case for a structured jet model where X-ray emission originates from a compact acceleration zone near the shock front, while lower-energy optical emission is produced in a broader, more turbulent region. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
The broad-band spectral energy distribution of candidate neutrino blazars
Blazars, the jet-dominated class of active galactic nuclei comprising flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), are now increasingly identified as potential sources of high-energy neutrinos. Such neutrino blazars are ideal targets to investigate the high-energy emission processes and to understand their role as neutrino sources. We report results on four candidate neutrino blazars, PKS 0446+112, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424(Formula presented) 418, and PKS 1502+106. We carried out (Formula presented) -ray spectral and timing analysis on three time periods that comprise a quiescent epoch, an epoch that corresponds to neutrino detection, and a flaring epoch. We also carried out modelling of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) on those three epochs. We found that the (Formula presented) -ray spectra of the BL Lac TXS 0506+056 can be adequately described by a power law, while the spectra of the other three FSRQs require a log-parabola model. On shorter time-scales, we observed flux variability with doubling/halving time-scales of 4.70, 9.24, 30.76, and 15.42 h for PKS 0446+112, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424(Formula presented) 418, and PKS 1502+106, respectively. The SEDs of most of the epochs for the sources are well explained by a leptonic scenario. However, the quiescent epoch of PKS 1502+106 and the neutrino-emission epoch of PKS 0446+112 required an additional hadronic component to reproduce the observed SEDs. Our analysis reveals a complex interplay of leptonic and hadronic processes. While certain neutrino-associated epochs align with a leptonic model, others necessitate a hadronic component to explain the emission features. The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Simultaneous X-Ray and Optical Polarization Observations of the Blazar Mrk 421
We present near-simultaneous X-ray and optical polarization measurements in the high synchrotron peaked (HSP) blazar Mrk 421. The X-ray polarimetric observations were carried out using Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) on 2023 December 6. During IXPE observations, we also carried out optical polarimetric observations using 104 cm Sampurnanand telescope at Nainital and multiband optical imaging observations using 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at Hanle. From model-independent analysis of IXPE data, we detected X-ray polarization with degree of polarization (?X) of 8.5% 0.5% and an electric vector position angle (?X) of 10.6 1.7 in the 2?8 keV band. From optical polarimetry on 2023 December 6, in B, V, and R bands, we found values of ?B = 4.27% 0.32%, ?V = 3.57% 0.31%, and ?R = 3.13% 0.25%. The value of ?B is greater than that observed at longer optical wavelengths, with the degree of polarization suggesting an energy-dependent trend, gradually decreasing from higher to lower energies. This is consistent with that seen in other HSP blazars and favors a stratified emission region encompassing a shock front. The emission happening in the vicinity of the shock front will be more polarized due to the ordered magnetic field resulting from shock compression. The X-ray emission, involving high-energy electrons, originates closer to the shock front than the optical emission. The difference in the spatial extension could plausibly account for the observed variation in polarization between X-ray and optical wavelengths. This hypothesis is further supported by the broadband spectral energy distribution modeling of the X-ray and optical data. 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
Multiwavelength spectral modelling of the candidate neutrino blazar PKS 0735+178
The BL Lac object PKS 0735+178 was in its historic ?-ray brightness state during 2021 December. This period also coincides with the detection of a neutrino event IC 211208A, which was localized close to the vicinity of PKS 0735+178. We carried out detailed ?-ray timing and spectral analysis of the source in three epochs: (a) quiescent state (E1), (b) moderate-activity state (E2), and (c) high-activity state (E3) coincident with the epoch of neutrino detection. During the epoch of neutrino detection (E3), we found the largest variability amplitude of 95 per cent. The ?-ray spectra corresponding to these three epochs are well fit by the power-law model and the source is found to show spectral variations with a softer when brighter trend. In epoch E3, we found the shortest flux doubling/halving time of 5.75 h. Even though the spectral energy distribution in the moderate-activity state and in the high-activity state could be modelled by the one-zone leptonic emission model, the spectral energy distribution in the quiescent state required an additional component of radiation over and above the leptonic component. Here, we show that a photomeson process was needed to explain the excess ?-ray emission in the hundreds of GeV that could not be accounted for by the synchrotron self-Compton process. 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Detection of X-ray polarization in the high synchrotron peaked blazar 1ES 1959+650
We report the measurement of X-ray polarization in the high synchrotron peaked blazar 1ES 1959+650. Of the four epochs of observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, we detected polarization in the 28 keV band on two epochs. From the model-independent analysis of the observations on 28 October 2022, in the 28 keV band, we found the degree of polarization of ?X=9.01.6% and an electric vector position angle of ?X=535 deg. Similarly, from the observations on 14 August 2023, we found ?X and ?X values as 12.50.7% and 202 deg, respectively. These values are also in agreement with the values obtained from spectro-polarimetric analysis of the I, Q, and U spectra. The measured X-ray polarization is larger than the reported optical values, ranging between 2.5% and 9% when observed from 2008 to 2018. Broadband spectral energy distribution constructed for the two epochs is well described by the one-zone leptonic emission model with the bulk Lorentz factor (?) of the jet larger on 14 August 2023 compared to 28 October 2022. Our results favor the shock acceleration of the particles in the jet, with the difference in ?X between the two epochs being influenced by a change in the ? of the jet. Indian Academy of Sciences 2024. -
Dynamic Carboxylic Acid Arms Enable Proton Shuttling in Iron-Based Hydrogen Catalysis
Devising artificial electrocatalyst with smartly installed proton relay motifs, as present in natural hydrogenase enzyme has long been proved to be an effective strategy. Proton responsive groups properly positioned near the active center act as a proton shuttle site and facilitate H2 generation via an easy hydride/proton coupling step. Herein we investigated a series of Fe (III) complexes of substituted picolinic acid which undergoes reversible dechelation and chelation in presence of acids and base respectively, making free carboxylic acid arms available near the metal center in acid conditions (CF3COOH/HBF4). Investigations on the electrocatalytic activity of these complexes showcased the involvement of these free carboxylic acid arms in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Further, detailed mechanistic analysis reveals sequential two-electron reductions followed by protonation, enabled by pendant carboxylic acid arms, allow the formation of a metal hydride intermediate which facilitates efficient H2 generation. The catalyst showed efficient HER activity achieving maximum turnover frequency (TOFmax) of 10,000 s?1 with faradaic efficiency above 90%. These findings underscore the importance of tailored secondary-sphere interactions in designing efficient, earth-abundant electrocatalysts and these insights could be useful for future design principles of catalyst for several small molecule activation reactions. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Influence of electrochemical co-deposition of bimetallic Pt–Pd nanoclusters on polypyrrole modified ITO for enhanced oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine /
New Journal of Chemistry, Vol.46, Issue 27, pp.17036-17048, ISSN No: 1144-0546 (Print) 1369-9261 (Online).
Bimetallic Pt–Pd nanoparticles were dispersed on polypyrrole coated indium-tin oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate sheets (ITO-PET sheets). The excellent filming property of pyrrole gives a high porous uniform active area for the proper adsorption of bimetallic transition metal nanoparticles. Electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes was determined using cyclic voltammetry and impedance studies. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. -
Influence of electrochemical co-deposition of bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoclusters on polypyrrole modified ITO for enhanced oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine
Bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoparticles were dispersed on polypyrrole coated indium-tin oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate sheets (ITO-PET sheets). The excellent filming property of pyrrole gives a high porous uniform active area for the proper adsorption of bimetallic transition metal nanoparticles. Electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes was determined using cyclic voltammetry and impedance studies. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To study the electrochemical oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine in the presence of sodium nitrate in aqueous acidic medium, the modified electrode was used. It is evident from the study that the modified electrode shows better electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine. 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Navigating the Autism Journey: Parental Experiences, Barriers and the Role of Early Intervention in India
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often encounter significant challenges in accessing timely diagnosis and appropriate support services. This study explores the experiences of parents navigating autism-related services in India, focusing on barriers to diagnosis, post-diagnosis support and the role of early intervention. Using a qualitative research design, we conducted focus group discussions with 11 parents of children with ASD and analysed the data using thematic analysis. Sentiment analysis and chi-square statistical testing were also applied to assess parental perspectives across key themes. The findings reveal systemic delays in diagnosis, limited public awareness and inconsistencies in service availability, which contribute to heightened parental stress. Parents expressed difficulties in implementing intervention strategies at home and reported challenges related to accessibility and affordability of professional support. Whereas some parents acknowledged the benefits of available services, many highlighted gaps in tailored, culturally appropriate interventions. Sentiment analysis showed a relatively even distribution of positive, neutral and negative sentiments across themes, indicating the complexity of parental experiences. This study underscores the need for a more structured and inclusive approach to ASD support, including digital tools, peer support networks and early screening programmes. Strengthening policy frameworks and expanding accessible interventions can enhance the effectiveness of autism services and improve outcomes for families. These findings contribute to the growing body of research advocating for parent-inclusive, culturally responsive autism support systems. 2025 International Society for Developmental Neuroscience. -
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Citizens Perception on Livability in Indian Metropolitan Cities
Background: Livability is a complex and multifaceted concept, but is important in creating places where people can thrive. Investing in the factors contributing to livability can create more attractive, sustainable, and equitable communities. Livability is important for several reasons. It can affect peoples health, well-being, and productivity. It can also influence whether people live in a particular place and whether businesses are willing to invest there. Methods: A survey was conducted to review the top livable cities of India as per the Global Livability Index parameters such as sociocultural, environmental, healthcare, education, and infrastructure aspects. A mixed method approach, having both qualitative and quantitative analyses, was adopted for the survey. The targeted sample size was 100 people, covering stakeholders from around the campus. Findings: As an outcome of the survey analysis, the most livable cities were categorized. Conclusion: In conclusion, policy narratives and frameworks are outlined emphasizing the need and the importance of citizens participation in assessing the quality of life across Indian metropolitan cities. 2024 Springer Publishing Company. -
Effect of biofertilizers on the survival and growth of air-layered saplings of West Indian cherry (Malpighia glabra L.)
This study evaluated the efficacy of air layering in combination with biofertilizer treatments for the successful propagation of West Indian cherry (Malpighia glabra L.) during 20222023 at the North Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Air layering was performed on a 9-year-old tree using 1-year-old, pencil-thick shoots of 60 cm length. Once rooted, the air layers were gradually detached from the mother plant and transplanted into polybags. Biofertilizer treatments were applied to the potting medium and as soil drenches, including Trichoderma viride (3 g L-1), vermiwash (1 %), humic acid (20 g L-1), Azospirillum brasilense (2 g kg-1 planting medium), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; 10 g plant-1) and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM; 100 g plant-1), along with an untreated control. Data recorded at 60 days after detachment (DAD) showed that vermiwash @ 1 % (T3) significantly enhanced shoot and root growth parameters. It resulted in the highest plant height (45.23 cm), number of leaves (38.22), number of shoots (6.45), survival percentage (81.04 %), root length (13.80 cm), primary roots (26.31), secondary roots (78.23) and root diameter (4.88 mm). The improved performance under vermiwash treatment is attributed to its rich content of plant growth regulators, enzymes, micronutrients and beneficial microbes, which positively influenced both vegetative and root development. The results underscore the potential of integrating air layering with nutrient-enriched organic treatments like vermiwash to enhance the propagation efficiency and field establishment of West Indian cherry. The objective of this study was to identify an effective biofertilizer-based strategy to enhance survival, growth and nursery establishment of air-layered West Indian cherry saplings. Copyright: The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)