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A generic cyber immune framework for anomaly detection using artificial immune systems
Intrusion detection systems play a significant role in computer security. Artificial immune systems are the prime contender in developing an anomaly-based intrusion detection system due to their simplicity. The fundamental goal of this paper is to create a generic framework for an artificial immune system which is fast and accurate in detecting anomalies using artificial immune system concepts. Natural killer cells in the immune system and their quick response to foreign pathogens inspired the adaptation of those cells into an artificial immune system based framework. A natural killer cell-based framework is proposed to improve the accuracy and speed of anomaly detection. The structure of the proposed framework includes major histocompatibility complex class 1 representation, affinity calculation, cell generation, and cell proliferation. This framework addresses the overlapping and hole problem while creating natural killer cells to increase the system's performance. The negative selection algorithm and the positive selection algorithm generate the cells that enhance the anomaly detection technique and give high precision. The parameter response time introduced in this paper is crucial for an intrusion system to be used in real-time. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Enhanced AIS Based Intrusion Detection System Using Natural Killer Cells
Intrusion detection system is used to monitor the system and network activities to identify anomalies and attacks so that integrity, availability, and confidentiality can be preserved. Here an intrusion detection system based on Artificial Immune System is proposed based on Natural Killer (NK) cells with immunological memory. NK cells are created and each NK cells detection radius is determined using the negative selection algorithm and is trained to detect various attacks. Effective cells with high fairness values are proliferated and distributed to the network using clonal selection algorithm. In this paper, two types of NK cell are used-a Heavyweight NK cell (HWNK) and a number of Lightweight NK cells (LWNK). The incoming data is vectorized and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC1) is created. Then based on this MHC1, any of the receptors i.e. Activating Receptor or Inhibiting Receptor is activated. If it is the signature of an attack, Activating Receptor is activated. Activating receptor activation results in either cytokine release or apoptosis. Here cytokine release means an alarm is generated informing the administrator and apoptosis stands for dropping of the packet. If Inhibiting Receptor is activated, it's a normal packet there is no action taken. The technique proposed yields high accuracy, better detection rate and quick response time. 2020 River Publishers. All Rights Reserved. -
Artificial immune system based frameworks and its application in cyber immune system: A comprehensive review
Computer science has always mixed the concepts of biology and computers to enhance the way in which systems are designed. Artificial Immune System (AIS) is a Computational Intelligence strategy dependent on an organically enlivened computational system that can be utilized for taking care of complex computational issues. It tends to be seen that AIS is an incredibly various locale of research, going from the modeling immune systems to complex algorithms for specific applications. This paper exhibits an exhaustive survey of different frameworks developed in the artificial immune system and its application. Reviews of frameworks in AIS are uncommon and henceforth this paper gives an inside out audit of progressing research and challenges in AIS. We start by presenting AIS and give a thorough survey of different systems in AIS and its application in anomaly detection. We investigate the utilization of AIS in the Intrusion Detection System named the Cyber Immune System(CIS) and compares various AIS works applied to CIS. We conclude with various future extensions in the area of AIS research. 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) -
Multilevel Inverter-Fed Closed Loop Control and Analysis of Induction Motor Drive
Multilevel inverters have discovered more extensive extent of utilization in moderate and also in high-power adjustable-speed drives. This chapter introduces a vector control scheme of induction motor drive which includes pulse width modulations for reducing harmonics and total harmonic distortion (THD). For better control of induction motor, indirect vector control has been applied which offers advantages such as removal of flux sensor, more dynamic responses, and minimum torque pulses is applied. The inverter named neutral point clamped inverter is applied for observing dynamic control of the motor drive along with efficiency. The main attention of this chapter is to improve the performance of indirect vector controller. The THD analysis proves the better operation of induction motor as compared to conventional voltage source inverter-fed induction motor drive. By the help of MATLAB simulation, the dynamic performance as well as steady-state of multilevel inverter-based drive are analyzed. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Experimental investigation of plain and nano-graphene oxide mixed dielectric for sustainable EDM of Nimonic alloy using Cu and Brass electrode: A comparative study
The current research investigates the machinability of a novel Nimonic alloy through electro-discharge machining by assessing Material Removal Rate, Tool Wear Rate and Surface Roughness. The machining was conducted using plain dielectric and Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoparticles (5 g/l) mixed dielectric considering both Copper and Brass electrode. The novelity lies when machining with nano GO mixed dielectric. It was observed that the use of Copper electrode in machining of the alloy in nano GO mixed dielectric results in superior quality machining, demonstrating enhanced performance. The key findings include the identification of optimal parameters, where Vg of 70 V, Ton of 200 s, Fp of 0.5 kgf/mm2 maximize MRR (16.231 mm3/min) and minimize TWR (0.0062 mm3/min) and SR (5.1423 m). The microstructural study of the machined surface and sustainability study along with the detailed comparative analysis of responses assures the superiority of machining in Nano GO mixed dielectric-Cu electrode environment. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Cognitive outcomes prediction in children using machine learning and big data analytics
This study explores the potential of machine learning (ML) and big data analytics in predicting cognitive outcomes in children, aiming to enhance early identification and intervention strategies. Leveraging a diverse dataset comprising neurocognitive assessments, genetic markers, socio-economic factors, and environmental variables, our research employs advanced ML algorithms to develop predictive models. The interdisciplinary approach integrates neuroscience, psychology, and data science to discern patterns and correlations within the expansive dataset. The study emphasizes the importance of early cognitive assessment for optimal child development and academic success. By harnessing the power of big data, our models seek to uncover nuanced relationships that traditional methodologies may overlook. Preliminary results indicate promising accuracy in predicting cognitive outcomes, offering a valuable tool for educators, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. Additionally, the model's interpretability allows for a deeper understanding of the factors influencing cognitive development. Ethical considerations, privacy safeguards, and data governance are integral components of this research, ensuring responsible use of sensitive information. The implications of this study extend beyond academia, with the potential to inform educational policies, personalized learning strategies, and targeted interventions for at-risk populations. As technological advancements continue, the integration of ML and big data analytics in predicting cognitive outcomes heralds a new era in pediatric research, promoting proactive approaches to support children's cognitive well-being. 2024 IEEE. -
Work-life balance and business success enhancing performance and preventing burnout
The chapter, "Impact on Business Performance," investigates female entrepreneurs' performances in the light of work-life balance. It has articulated problems such as burnout and low productivity which harm the powers of decision and creativity abilities. The chapter has focused much on work approaches that are basically balanced to enhance business performance and personal welfare. To empower women in entrepreneurship, this chapter strives to advocate flexible working hours and accessible childcare as supportive policies. Therefore, the bottom line of this work is systemic change-for better integration of work and life, for more competitive business performance, and for greater overall quality of life for women. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
A Study on work engagement of secondary school teachers in relation to their psychological well-being, leadership behaviour of principals and organizational health
Organizational success is determined by work engagement and psychological well-being of the workforce. Efficient leadership and a healthy teaching environment determine the professional conduct of school teachers. Work engagement not only reflects teachers performance but also implies the performance of pupils and the school. Work engagement depends on the congeniality of the working conditions. The present study explores work engagement of 516 secondary school teachers working in Bengaluru, India. The Work and Well-being survey (UWES) was used to measure teachers work engagement by assessing their vigour, dedication, and absorption. The scale of psychological well-being scale (developed by Ryff) was employed to evaluate in terms of self-acceptance, positive relation with others,autonomy,environmental mastery, purpose in life and personal growth.The leadership behaviour of principals questionnaire was used to measure in terms of consideration and initiating structure. The Organizational health Inventory was employed to quantify the Organizational health at the institutional, managerial, and technical levels. Results from the regression analysis suggest that work engagement of teachers was positively correlated and significantly influenced by psychological well-being, leadership behaviour of principals and organizational health. -
A study on work engagement of secondary school teachers in relation to their psychological well-being, leadership behaviour of principals and organizational health /
Organizational success is determined by work engagement and psychological well-being of the workforce. Efficient leadership and a healthy teaching environment determine the professional conduct of school teachers. Work engagement not only reflects teachers’ performance but also implies the performance of pupils and the school. Work engagement depends on the congeniality of the working conditions. The present study explores work engagement of 516 secondary school teachers working in Bengaluru, India. -
The mediating influence of leadership behaviour on the relationship between organizational health and work engagement
Efficient leadership and a healthy teaching environment are the two factors that determine how school teachers conduct themselves professionally. Work engagement not only reflects the teachers' performance but also implies the performance of the pupils and the school and it depends on how congenial their working conditions are. The present study intended to assess the extent to which the leadership behaviour of principals mediated the effect of organizational health on the work engagement of 516 secondary school teachers working in Bengaluru, India. The organizational health inventory was employed to quantify the organizational health of schools at institutional, managerial and technical levels, the Utrecht tool was used to measure teachers' work engagement through their vigor, dedication and absorption, and the leadership behaviour of principals was measured in terms of consideration and initiating behaviour. The findings implied a positive relationship between organizational health and teachers' work engagement. Further, while leadership behaviour indeed mediated the impact of organizational health on work engagement, the mediating effect was only partial. The results imply that the teachers' work engagement cannot be entirely attributed to the school management and working conditions, which implies scope for further research on the factors affecting work engagement among the teachers. 2020 by authors. -
Regulatory and strategic challenges of patent evergreening in the MedTech industry: An analysis of competition law implications
Patent evergreening is a strategy used by pharmaceutical companies to extend their market exclusivity through minor modifications of existing drugs, often without significant therapeutic advancements. This practice raises concerns about access to affordable medicines, particularly in developing countries like India, where high drug prices impact public health. A comparative analysis with the European Union (EU) reveals that while India relies on patent law restrictions, the EU employs competition law under Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to regulate evergreening. Cases such as AstraZeneca v. European Commission demonstrate the EU's effects-based approach to curbing anti-competitive patent strategies. This study highlights the gaps in India's regulatory framework, emphasizing the need for greater coordination between the Indian Patent Office (IPO) and the Competition Commission of India (CCI), and adopting an effects-based approach are crucial to preventing evergreening while ensuring both innovation and consumer welfare. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
National Education Policy 2020: Equity and inclusion in India's education system
The term "equity" in education refers to justice and fairness in the allocation of educational resources and opportunities. In order to achieve educational equity, it is necessary to remove the structural obstacles that prevent students from realizing their full potential. Obstacles like socioeconomic inequalities, prejudice, and unequal resource distribution often act as barriers to quality education. In this background, the present chapter will critically analyze a few significant opportunities offered by the New Education Policy 2020, such as three language formulas, privatization, NEP financing, special education zones policy implications, and challenges in implementation. Even though the opportunities and milestones offered by NEP 2020 are irrefutable, apprehensions pertaining to its scope and usefulness also exist, questioning the sanguinity of the policy. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
The Role of Corporations in Achieving Ecological Sustainability: Evaluating the Environmental Performance of Corporations
Industrial development of the past 200 years has brought immeasurable wealth and prosperity. However, it has also caused an unintended eco-logical degradation. Hence, the focus of environmental law has shifted from the creation of global frameworks to deal with environmental problems to comply with those frameworks. As a result, the primary actors in environmental law have shifted from the state and the global community to corporations. As a consequence, environmental policies must develop along legally holistic lines. The role corporations have had in achieving ecological sustainability is poorly understood. In the backdrop of the above issues, the chapter examines the implications of ecologically sustainable development for corporations. It articulates corporate ecological sustainability through the concepts of environmental management and ecologically sustainable competitive strategies. It further examines the implications that these concepts have for a corporation in the long run. 2020 by IGI Global. -
Industrial Applications of Hybrid Nanocatalysts and Their Green Synthesis
Abstract: The era of industrial revolution has been hugely dependent on a myriad of catalysts. The present era has contributed another dimension to this by the advent of nanocatalysts. The last decades saw even more fine tuning with the use of hybrid nanocatalysts by the integration of a plethora of functionalities into a single nanoparticle. The extremely high surface area, low toxicity, easy recovery and reusability, high product output and possibilities of green synthesis makes hybrid nanocatalysts significant in various fields like bioremediation, fuel cell production, cleaner energy production, dye degradation etc. Metal based hybrid nanocatalysts are highly appealing due to their extremely high surface over volume ratio, entailing unique electronic properties and access to more reaction sites. The recent years have seen more thrust being given to greener modes of synthesis of nanocatalysts, rather than the classical modes (which uses hazardous chemicals), aligning with sustainability goals.The current review is an attempt to explore the myriad uses of magnetic, metal and metal oxide hybrid nanocatalysts and their green synthesis methods. Optimizing the use of hybrid nanocatalysts in various domains would definitely help us achieve the SDGs of the United Nations for a more sustainable life on this planet. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] Highlights: Types of hybrid nanocatalysts have been described. Industrial applications of hybrid nanocatalysis has been summarized. Ways of greener synthesis of hybrid nanocatalysts for environmental sustainability depicted. Advantages and limitations of hybrid nanocatalysts have been evaluated. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Blind separation of speech from aortic regurgitation signals using Dhoulaths method
Conducting auscultation of traumatically distressed patients has always been demanding for medical professionals. The challenge calls for an innovative solution enabling doctors to conduct precise diagnoses despite other sound interference. This suggested study presents an entirely non-invasive and convenient method designed to aid doctors in routine diagnostic procedures. This study is centred on the segregation of aortic regurgitation heart sounds from speech. The mixture utilised for the study is a combination of speech and aortic regurgitation signals. The method applied for the study is a revised procedure of Blind Source component separation utilising a solo sensor method. With this technique, doctors are not compelled to prevent patients from articulating their pain or discomfort while diagnosing heart sounds. Doctors can offer a consoling word to patients while the auscultation is in progress without worrying about how the speech sounds affect the diagnosis. For babies, timely detection of heart-related issues can be life-saving. With Dhoulaths method, the distressing sounds of a babys cries can be effectively separated, thereby offering doctors clear audio of heartbeats. The study was conducted to ascertain if heartbeats can be segregated from the signals of speech or cries. This segregation procedure has succeeded in arriving at an enhanced level of clarity. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Experimental Augmentation of Heat Transfer in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger using Twisted Tape with baffles and hiTrain Wire Matrix Inserts - A Comparative Study
Heat transfer, a mere process of exchange of heat due to a temperature gradient, plays a vital role in industries and domestic applications. Among all the heat exchangers, Shell and Tube Exchanger are used predominantly due to their compact and robust design. For a given design to increase the heat transfer characteristics needs a research investigation. Among all augmentation techniques, a passive method found widely used as it avoids mechanical modification of the existing heat exchanger and addresses only on flow geometry. Twisted tape inserts are extensively used to change the flow geometry of fluid on the tube side. The present research work intended on utilising twisted tape, twisted tape with baffles and hiTrain wire matrix inserts. Experimental investigation reveals that inserts efficiently disturb the tube side fluid flow, in turn, increases pressure drop which increases the fluid wall shear and hence enhances the substantial increase in tube side heat transfer rate. At lower Reynolds number twisted tape with baffles has comparatively higher heat transfer coefficient, and at higher Reynolds, number hiTrain wire has comparatively higher heat transfer coefficient. Friction factor decreases linearly from twisted tape with baffles to hiTrain wire matrix as Reynolds number increases. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
A Secure Deep Q-Reinforcement Learning Framework for Network Intrusion Detection in IoT-Fog Systems
IoT-Fog system security depends on intrusion detection system (IDS) since the growing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices has increased the attack surface for cyber threats. The dynamic nature of cyberattacks often makes it difficult for traditional IDS techniques to stay up to date. Because it can adapt to changing threat landscapes, deep Q-reinforcement learning (DQRL) has become a potential technique for ID in IoT-Fog situations. In this paper, an IDS system for IoT-Fog networks based on DQRL is proposed. The suggested solution makes use of fog nodes' distributed computing power to provide real-time IDS with excellent accuracy and minimal latency. With feedback from the network environment, the DQRL agent learns to recognize and categorize network traffic patterns as either normal or intrusive. Adaptive exploration techniques, effective reward functions, and deep neural networks for feature extraction are adopted by the system to improve predictive performance. The evaluation findings show that, in terms of detection accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure, the proposed DQRL provides flexibility to changing threat patterns as compared to conventional IDS techniques. A vast array of cyberattacks, such as malware infections, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and command-and-control communications, are successfully recognized and categorized by the system. It is possible that the suggested solution will be crucial in safeguarding IoT-Fog networks and preventing cyberattacks 2024 IEEE. -
Load balancing with availability checker and load reporters (LB-ACLRs) for improved performance in distributed systems
Distributed system has quite a lot of servers to attain increased availability of service and for fault tolerance. Balancing the load among these servers is an important task to achieve better performance. There are various hardware and software based load balancing solutions available. However there is always an overhead on Servers and the Load Balancer while communicating with each other and sharing their availability and the current load status information. Load balancer is always busy in listening to clients' request and redirecting them. It also needs to collect the servers' availability status frequently, to keep itself up-to-date. Servers are busy in not only providing service to clients but also sharing their current load information with load balancing algorithms. In this paper we have proposed and discussed the concept and system model for software based load balancer along with Availability-Checker and Load Reporters (LB-ACLRs) which reduces the overhead on server and the load balancer. We have also described the architectural components with their roles and responsibilities. We have presented a detailed analysis to show how our proposed Availability Checker significantly increases the performance of the system. 2014 IEEE. -
Citizen data in distributed computing environments: Privacy and protection mechanisms
Data security is paramount in the increasingly connected world. Securing data, while in transit and rest, and while under usage, is essentialfor deriving actionable insights out of data heaps. Incorrect or wrong data can lead to incorrect decisions. So, the confidentiality and integrity of data have to be guaranteed through a host of technology-inspired security solutions. Organizational data is kept confidentially by the businesses and governments, often in distant locations (e.g., in cloud environments), though more sensitive data is normally kept in house. As the security mechanisms are getting more sophisticated, cyber security attacks are also becoming more intensive, so there is a constant battle between the organisations and the hackers to be one step ahead of the other. In this chapter, the aim is to discuss various mechanisms of accomplishing citizens ' data confidentiality and privacy and to present solution approaches for ensuring impenetrable security for personal data. 2021 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.