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Regulatory and strategic challenges of patent evergreening in the MedTech industry: An analysis of competition law implications
Patent evergreening is a strategy used by pharmaceutical companies to extend their market exclusivity through minor modifications of existing drugs, often without significant therapeutic advancements. This practice raises concerns about access to affordable medicines, particularly in developing countries like India, where high drug prices impact public health. A comparative analysis with the European Union (EU) reveals that while India relies on patent law restrictions, the EU employs competition law under Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to regulate evergreening. Cases such as AstraZeneca v. European Commission demonstrate the EU's effects-based approach to curbing anti-competitive patent strategies. This study highlights the gaps in India's regulatory framework, emphasizing the need for greater coordination between the Indian Patent Office (IPO) and the Competition Commission of India (CCI), and adopting an effects-based approach are crucial to preventing evergreening while ensuring both innovation and consumer welfare. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Navigating the Ethico-Legal Landscape of Blockchain in Healthcare: A Critical Analysis
Blockchain technology offers improved data security, interoperability, and patient empowerment, which could revolutionize the healthcare industry. Its incorporation, however, calls for thorough evaluation of the complicated legal and ethical issues. The global pandemic has exposed the current healthcare system's lack of interoperability and the requirement for reliable clinical data that can be efficiently and securely disseminated to healthcare providers on a large scale. This analysis explores important issues such as algorithmic bias, informed consent, data privacy and ownership, and legal barriers. It looks at current regulatory frameworks and new best practices for using blockchain responsibly in the healthcare industry, highlighting the necessity of stakeholder collaboration to guarantee safe, reliable, and equitable healthcare systems. In light of the above perspective, this chapter explores the ethical and legal implications of blockchain in the healthcare sector. It critically overviews the current laws and regulations in force to implement blockchain in healthcare. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Understanding Gamification: Comprehensive Look at Its Impact on Service Ecosystems and Capacity to Revolutionize User Experience
Gamification is the strategic application of game-design elements in non-game contexts to enhance user engagement, motivation, and satisfaction. By incorporating principles such as rewards, competition, and achievement, gamification transforms mundane tasks into engaging experiences. Its effectiveness is rooted in psychology, leveraging intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to drive desired behaviors. In service ecosystems, gamification fosters deeper customer relationships and loyalty. Businesses implement leaderboards, badges, and challenges to encourage participation and create vibrant communities around their products or services. The capacity of gamification to revolutionize user experiences is profound. As more industries recognize its potential, gamification is set to redefine how users interact with services, placing them at the center of the experience. The future of gamification lies in its ability to merge technology with human behavior, creating immersive experiences that resonate with users on multiple levels. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Game On: Cutting Edge Gamification Techniques to Boost Service Quality and Maximize Ecosystem Engagement
This chapter explores gamification's potential to enhance service quality and maximize ecosystem engagement. By utilizing game mechanics like points, badges, and challenges, organizations can create immersive experiences that boost productivity, loyalty, and customer satisfaction. Through case studies, the chapter highlights successful gamification implementations and best practices. It also addresses psychological and behavioral aspects, emphasizing personalized experiences. Ethical considerations and potential pitfalls are discussed to provide a balanced view. Ultimately, the chapter offers a roadmap for leveraging gamification to drive meaningful engagement and improve service quality. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Gamification for Tomorrow: Investigating Emerging Trends and Sustainable Strategies in Complex Service Ecosystems
Gamification is transforming service ecosystems by enhancing engagement and promoting sustainability. This research examines how elements like challenges, rewards, and feedback loops are integrated into healthcare, education, and environmental management. By driving motivation and participation, gamification improves outcomes and fosters community involvement in sustainability efforts. However, its long-term impact depends on overcoming challenges such as the need for standardized frameworks, ethical concerns over user autonomy, and data privacy risks. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) are reshaping gamified experiences, offering personalized and immersive solutions that encourage sustainable behavior. This study underscores the opportunities and responsibilities associated with gamification, highlighting its potential to drive innovation while emphasizing ethical implementation and adaptability to evolving technologies. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Prospects of Green Finance for a Sustainable Future: A Critical Study
Global initiatives for economic development started with the Industrial Revolution. However, it caused serious environmental issues. It necessitated to focus on ecofriendly developmental projects. Accordingly, the sustainable development paradigm has evolved to balance both environmental and developmental models. Although the UN affirmed sustainable development from 1987 onwards, its scope was elaborated with MDGs and SDGs. The declaration of SDGs in 2015 provided a framework for a global sustainable future. However, developing countries face financial hurdles in responding positively to the demands of SDGs that prioritize sustainable development and environmental protection. The OECD (2021) notes that developing countries experience 2.5 to 3.7 trillion dollars shortfall to meet the demands of SDGs. To address this complexity, developed countries, international institutions, and multinational and transnational corporations promoted green finance. From this perspective, this chapter critically evaluates the scope and functioning of green finance in light of a sustainable future. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific. -
Integrating Sustainability with Financial Markets: Risk, Return, and Responsibility
This chapter explores the burgeoning field of green finance and its crucial role in aligning financial markets with sustainable development objectives. It examines how incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors influences traditional risk and return profiles, presenting both opportunities and challenges for investors and financial institutions. We delve into innovative financial instruments and strategies designed to mobilize capital towards environmentally sound and socially responsible projects. Furthermore, the chapter critically analyzes the evolving concept of fiduciary responsibility in the context of sustainability, arguing forabroaderinterpretationthatencompasseslong-termvaluecreationandplanetary well-being.Bybridgingthegapbetweenfinancialimperativesandsustainabilitygoals, this chapter underscores the transformative potential of integrating responsibility into the core of financial decision-making for a more resilient and equitable future. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Leveraging Green Finance for Sustainable Development: An Empirical Analysis of Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability of Asian OECD Economies
Present study investigates the impact of Green Finance and CO2 emissions on GDP per capita of four Asian OECDeconomies controlling for Expenditure on Education, and Foreign Direct Investment using panel data for the time-period 2015 to 2023, applying pooled OLS, Fixed Effects, and Random Effects Models, and ultimately selecting the Fixed Effects Model based on robust statistical tests (Hausman and Breusch-Pagan LM), revealing that Green Finance significantly enhances GDP per capita, Expenditure on Education unexpectedly hinders it in the short term, and both CO2 emissions and Foreign Direct Investment lack statistically significant effects within countries, thereby underscoring the importance of internal structural factors and advocating for tailored, sustainability-driven, and context-sensitive economic growth strategies. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Leveraging Generative AI to Address Behavioral Biases in the Investment Decisions of Gen Z and Millennials
GAI alters financial decision-making behavior through advanced data analytics, trend prediction, and personal recommendation. Generation Z and the Millennials are more susceptible to behavioral biases like herd mentality, loss aversion, overconfidence, and fear. Such tendencies make people prone to frequently exhibiting instinctive or irrational investment behaviors, thus severely impacting their long-term financial outcome. In the context of this book, the relationship between behavioral finance and GAI is discussed with the benefits of enhancing investment literacy and in guiding the younger investor towards data-driven decisions. Other areas on data quality and transparency, ethical concerns, and regulatory compliance are discussed. Hence, this can result in intelligent and rational investment decisions. The subsequent section explains how GAI successfully eliminates the effects of cognitive biases through an enhancement of the capabilities concerning decision-making in respect of financial choices related to Generation Z and millennials under the everchanging finance landscape. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism: Comparative Insights in Modern Economic Anthropology
This chapter examines capitalism, socialism, and communism from an economic and anthropological perspective, emphasizing that these systems are culturally defined, historically conditioned, and socially lived. It does so through a detailed overview of each system's history, values, and contradictions, taking advantage of ethnographic case studies from around the world to compare the extremes of labour, resource distribution, and cultural impact. The chapter also explores mixed or hybrid economic systems, digital economies, and emerging alternatives for sustainability and equity. By applying classical theories with present-day issues, the chapter emphasizes the significance of anthropological perspectives to explain the effects of economic systems on human conduct, social ties, and future values. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Key Regional Conflicts in Northeast India: The Koch Rajbongshi Tribe's Role in Geoeconomics and Geopolitics
This chapter explores the complex regional conflicts in Northeast India through the lens of historical statehood movements, ethnic assertions, and cross-border cultural continuities. Focusing on the Koch-Rajbongshi community, the proposed Kamatapur state, and tribalhood, it analyzes the geo-ethno-political landscape involving Assam, North Bengal, and the bordering areas of Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal. Drawing from the Kamata and Koch kingdom's historical legacies, the chapter situates the demand for Kamatapur within broader frameworks of linguistic rights, tribal autonomy, and national security concerns. Koch Rajbongshi, an Indigenous tribe tracing their lineage to the ancient Koch civilization and rightfully meets the criteria for Scheduled Tribe status, has long been denied their rightful recognition due to regional political intricacies. Through interdisciplinary insights, this study argues for a more nuanced understanding of regional self-determination, identity politics, and governance reforms in Eastern South Asia. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Protecting remote work: Cybersecurity challenges and solutions
New cybersecurity threats have sprouted due to the sudden shift to remote work; changed workplace dynamics have potentially moved security perimeters outward as organizations begin to experience new threats in the forms of phishing, ransomware, data breaches, and even insider threats. This chapter focuses on cybersecurity risks with remote work, upcoming security trends, and best practices for organizing and protecting distributed workforce activities. It tackles such core concepts of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), AI-enabled threat detection, and Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) as foundational strategies necessary to secure networks from remote workspaces. It also emphasizes employee awareness and compliance with cybersecurity regulations. Strong security controls will help businesses stay on top of cyber risks while developing the future of work toward being digital-first. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Agroecological transformation through farmers' empowerment and IP reform: A human rights-based approach
The transition to agroecology is essential for achieving sustainable food systems, biodiversity conservation, and climate resilience. However, dominant intellectual property (IP) regimes often marginalize small-scale farmers by restricting seed sovereignty and traditional knowledge systems. By recognizing farmers' rights to seeds, knowledge, and fair market access, IP policies can shift from corporate-driven monopolization to collective stewardship models. The chapter advocates for a multi-stakeholder approach that integrates legal, economic, and ecological dimensions, ensuring that farmers' empowerment is at the core of agroecological transitions. By embedding human rights in IP governance, policymakers can foster more just, resilient, and biodiversity-rich food systems, ultimately advancing the global movement for agroecological transformation. This chapter argues that a human rights-based approach to IP reform can empower farmers as key agents of agroecological transformation. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Gender equality: A catalyst for global sustainable future
The paradox between inborn sexual identity and socially constructed gender identity existed throughout history. Unfortunately, gender identity got predominance over sexual identity in the context of patriarchy and religious beliefs. Even when all religions affirm the equality of both sexes, they demand the subordination of women. This continues to exist even in modern society. From the 19th century onwards, there were various efforts to address gender disparity that took place under the initiatives of feminism, human rights and women's rights movements. The United Nations in the second half of the 20th century advanced many attempts for the realization of gender equality. However, the present data shows that it will still take another 131 years to achieve gender equality. In this perspective, the chapter critically examines the attempts for gender equality and proposes certain policy changes and essential requirements for its true realization in view of sustainable future. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Driving better health outcomes for gig workers through strategic health initiatives
The gig economy offers flexibility and autonomy to workers but also presents significant challenges related to health and well-being, especially for delivery professionals who face irregular hours, physical strain, and limited access to healthcare. Immersive technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and artificial intelligence (AI), present innovative solutions to bridge these gaps. However, gig workers' adoption of these technologies remains underexplored. This paper applied the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory to analyse the adoption patterns of immersive technologies within the gig economy and identified barriers, such as digital literacy and cost, alongside facilitators, like perceived usefulness and ease of integration. The paper provides insights into how these technologies can be effectively implemented in the gig workforce. The study highlights the role of platform policies and the broader regulatory landscape in shaping technology adoption, offering valuable recommendations for policymakers and technology developers. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Blockchain in industrial supply chains: Tracing the transparency
Over the past several years, blockchain technology has become more and more significant and widely accepted. Independent businesses that are actively involved in the upstream and downstream flows of goods, services, money and information from a source to a customer make a supply chain. Members of the supply chain must collaborate and exchange information in order to be managed effectively. Blockchain technology offers a platform for direct communication between supply chain participants to exchange reliable and unchangeable data, which has the potential to significantly enhance supply chain management and accomplish supply chain performance goals. Notwithstanding its potential, there are obstacles to the broad use of blockchain. Legal and regulatory issues are also very important for supply chain management in the future. Keeping in view the above, the chapter analyzes the role of blockchain in the industrial supply chain and explores the facet of transparency in supply chain management. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Adaptive consumer psychology navigating trust and scepticism in automated retail experiences
The rapid deployment of automated retail technologies has brought both opportunities and challenges for consumer acceptance. Trust is an important factor for benefits determination of the automation systems. Sometimes Skepticism often acts as a barrier to adoption. This chapter enlightens into the psychology of consumer trust, perceived security, reliability, and transparency in automated systems. The research identifies key psychological triggers lead to skepticism in such a way that the data misuse or system failures and solution mitigation. The chapter highlights the role of adaptive design in consumer hesitations and positive interactions. Using empirical evidence and practical approach emphasizes technological efficiency balance with emotional reassurance and consumer comfort in automated environments. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
The convergence of IoT, ML, and big data in self-service innovation
Internet of Things, Machine Learning, and Big Data analytics have been bringing a transformation to self-service technologies with automation, personalization, and operations efficiencies. IoT captures the data in real-time by linked sensors; ML will try to find the patterns, providing the output; and Big Data would analyze large datasets to deliver actionable insights. All three together bring smarter and adaptive systems in retail, health care, and rural service industries. The applications include inventory management, personalized healthcare forecasting, and community kiosks. While these innovations are achieved, interoperability, scalability, and high implementation costs in rural areas are some of the persistent challenges. This can be addressed by taking advantage of edge computing, cloud solutions, and the collaboration of stakeholders. Further innovations like 5G and federated learning will shape self-service technologies in the future to deliver efficient, inclusive, and innovative solutions. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Geographical Approaches to Global Sustainable Development Goals in BRICS Countries
Geographical factors play a key role in the realization of SDG's across all countries of the world. Present study is an endeavor in this direction and attempts to evaluate the impact of urbanization, agriculture, and water resource availability on the achievement of sustainable development of BRICS nations. The study employs Panel data analysis using Fixed Effects Model (FEM) and Random Effects Model (REM) along with the application of Hausman Test to determine the appropriate model selection. The results reveal that urbanization significantly enhances SDG progress, agriculture shows an insignificant effect, and water resource availability negatively impacts sustainability, indicating the urgent need for strategic urban planning, agricultural reforms, and efficient water management. The study also highlights that country-specific factors play a critical part in shaping sustainability outcomes, reinforcing the necessity for BRICS policymakers to adopt geographically tailored approaches that align economic growth with environmental sustainability. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Aligning Green Finance With Climate Governance: Strategies for Mitigating Global Warming
Green finance plays a pivotal role in aligning financial systems with climate policy objectives to mitigate global warming. This chapter examines strategies that integrate green finance with regulatory frameworks, ensuring that capital flows support climate resilience and sustainability. It explores mechanisms such as green bonds, sustainability-linked loans, carbon pricing, and public-private partnerships to mobilize investments toward low-carbon technologies. Additionally, the chapter highlights the role of financial institutions in promoting climate disclosure and risk assessment while addressing challenges like greenwashing and policy misalignment. Case studies illustrate successful implementations of green finance policies in different jurisdictions, offering insights into best practices and regulatory advancements. By fostering collaboration between governments, financial markets, and international organizations, green finance can accelerate the transition toward a net-zero economy. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.