Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Article Faculty Publications -Articles Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource MMOF: A Multi-Metric Objective Function for Congestion Detection Under Varying Transmission Ranges in RPL-Based WSN Subject The topic of the resource Congestion detection in RPL; Multi-metric objective function; RPL congestion; RPL congestion using Cooja; Transmission range Description An account of the resource The Routing Protocol for Low Power Lossy Networks (RPL) is prone to congestion under high traffic. The single-path routing strategy and single-parent selection make RPL energy and resource-efficient only when the traffic is low and uniform. Two Objective Functions (OFs) are defined for RPL, which use single routing metrics-Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and hop count, to select the best parent and path toward the root. However, considering a single metric for OFs is unsuitable for detecting congestion in Lossy Networks (LLNs) applications as each metric has limitations. The current study proposes a novel Multi-Metric Objective Function (MMOF) that combines these two metrics and removes the weakness of the existing OFs. The proposed MMOF works under the nodes' varying transmission ranges (Tx ranges) to reduce the congestion. By changing Tx ranges, we show that the congestion in a fixed topology RPL network reduces, and MMOF can detect this congestion state more accurately than the existing OFs. The research introduces a successful transmission probability metric that makes MMOF more efficient in detecting congestion than ETX and Hop-Count. We prove that considering these two parameters individually is misleading and cannot contribute 100% to detect congestion state. Increasing transmission range can decrease congestion, and MMOF can detect this state transition with 100% accuracy. Simulation results in Cooja show that MMOF outperforms these two metrics and that the robust metric shows a linear relationship with the Tx range. Finally, two quality of service (QoS) parameters are derived to prove the method's efficiency and novelty. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Srivastava V.; Paul A.; Sinha S. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived SN Computer Science, Vol-5, No. 8 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Springer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024-01-01 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-03391-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-03391-2</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85211091167&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs42979-024-03391-2&amp;partnerID=40&amp;md5=16f39c204d1759b3c02ac139f42b7b73" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85211091167&amp;doi=10.1007%2fs42979-024-03391-2&amp;partnerID=40&amp;md5=16f39c204d1759b3c02ac139f42b7b73</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access Relation A related resource ISSN: 2662995X Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Online Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Srivastava V., Department of Computer Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Raj, India; Paul A., Department of Computer Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Raj, India; Sinha S., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST Deemed to Be University, Bengaluru, India