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          <name>Title</name>
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              <text>Effect of Substrate Temperature on Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Coated by Spray Pyrolysis</text>
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              <text>bandgap energy; Spray pyrolysis; surface morphology; Urbach tailing</text>
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              <text>Copper oxide shows a wide range of optical as well as electrical characteristics depending upon the preparation parameters. This wide range turning capability makes it a preferable candidate for effective use in various application fields like optical filters, light energy harvesting, gas sensing and semiconducting device fabrication. Spray pyrolysis technique with manual spray system was used to deposit a thin layer of copper oxide on glass substrates at temperatures of 300oC, 350o C, and 400o C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all the thin films obtained have monoclinic phase. A change of grain size from 15 nm to 25 nm was observedas the substrate temperature was varied from 300oC to 400o C.The Hall coefficient analysis confirms p-type conductivity in films obtained at 300o C and 350oC and N type conductivity with high resistivity for film coated at 400o C. Optical band gap increases from 1.75 to 2.17 eV with the increase in substrate temperature due to energy band tailing.  2023, Books and Journals Private Ltd.. All rights reserved.</text>
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              <text>Jos B.; Saji K.J.; Anila E.I.</text>
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              <text>Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol-71, No. 1, pp. 24-28.</text>
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              <text>Books and Journals Private Ltd.</text>
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              <text>2023-01-01</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2023/33351" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2023/33351&lt;/a&gt;
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              <text>ISSN: 222755; CODEN: JMMFA</text>
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              <text>Online</text>
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              <text>Jos B., Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Union Christian College, Kerala, Aluva, 683102, India, Sree Sankara College, Kerala, Kalady, 683574, India; Saji K.J., International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022, India; Anila E.I., Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Union Christian College, Kerala, Aluva, 683102, India, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India</text>
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