Gut Homeostasis; Microbial Cross Talks In Health and Disease Management
Dysbiosis; Eubiosis; Gut Microbes; Homeostasis; Metabolic Diseases
The human gut is a densely populated region comprising a diverse collection of microorganisms. The number, type and function of the diverse gut microbiota vary at different sites along the entire gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbes regulate signaling and metabolic pathways through microbial cross talks. Host and microbial interactions mutually contribute for intestinal homeostasis. Rapid shift or imbalance in the microbial community disrupts the equilibrium or homeostatic state leading to dysbiosis and causes many gastrointestinal diseases viz., Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, Metabolic endotoxemia, Parkinsons disease and Fatty liver disease etc. Intestinal homeostasis has been confounded by factors that disturb the balance between eubiosis and dysbiosis. This review correlates the consequences of dysbiosis with the incidence of various diseases. Impact of microbiome and its metabolites on various organs such as liver, brain, kidney, large intestine, pancreas etc are discussed. Furthermore, the role of therapeutic approaches such as ingestion of nutraceuticals (probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics), Fecal Microbial Treatment, Phage therapy and Bacterial consortium treatment in restoring the eubiotic state is elaborately reviewed. 2021 The Author(s). Published by Enviro Research Publishers.
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, Vol-9, No. 3, pp. 1017-1045.
https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.9.3.28 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124206630&doi=10.12944%2fCRNFSJ.9.3.28&partnerID=40&md5=6f2c2096ccc7f76267b79fee2451fa64
Khatri G.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Kurian C., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Anand A., Department of Plant Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India; Ka P., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India