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    <name>Article</name>
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          <name>Title</name>
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              <text>Graphitization of coal by bio-solubilization: Structure probe by Raman spectroscopy</text>
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          <name>Subject</name>
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              <text>Amorphous carbon; Deconvolution; Defect; Raman spectroscopy</text>
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          <name>Description</name>
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              <text>Raman spectra of two coal samples of different rank have been examined with Raman spectrometer operating at an excitation wavelength of 514.5 nm. Raman studies manifested the presence of G band conforming the first order scattering of E2g mode. The sp3 domains at about 1355 cm-1 (D band) is an evidence to edge planes and disordered structures. Analysis by curve fitting the first order spectrum justified the presence of G, D1, D2, D3 and D4 bands. The integrated intensity ratio IG/ID? is found to be 3.66 and 5.8 while the ID/ID? ratio is estimated to be about 3 and 4.9 for bituminous and sub-bituminous coal, respectively indicating on-site and hopping defect in the graphene layers. The 2D band is fitted with multiple Lorentian profile has 4 peaks, the intense G?, G?, D + D? and 2D? band at 2445, 2690, 2925 and 3160 cm-1. From the second order spectrum, formation of about 6-8 stacked graphene layers is observed in sub-bitumionus coal.</text>
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          <name>Creator</name>
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              <text>Elcey C.D.; Manoj B.</text>
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              <text>Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol-28, No. 7, pp. 1557-1560.</text>
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              <text>Chemical Publishing Co.</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>2016-01-01</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19750" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19750&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964692144&amp;amp;doi=10.14233%2Fajchem.2016.19750&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=6ce2f6357eb9b76164b9b7e1d9c7629c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964692144&amp;amp;doi=10.14233%2fajchem.2016.19750&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=6ce2f6357eb9b76164b9b7e1d9c7629c&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <name>Rights</name>
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              <text>All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access</text>
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          <name>Relation</name>
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              <text>ISSN: 9707077; CODEN: AJCHE</text>
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              <text>Online</text>
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              <text>English</text>
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              <text>Elcey C.D., Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College, Bangalore, 560 077, India; Manoj B., Department of Physics, Christ University, Bangalore, 560 029, India</text>
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