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                <text>Articles</text>
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    <name>Article</name>
    <description>Faculty Publications -Articles</description>
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          <name>Title</name>
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              <text>On the Temporal Causal Relationship Between Macroeconomic Variables: Empirical Evidence From India</text>
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          <name>Subject</name>
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              <text>causality; cointegration; impulse response functions; macroeconomic variables; variance decomposition analysis</text>
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          <name>Description</name>
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              <text>The present study examines the dynamic interactions among macroeconomic variables such as real output, prices, money supply, interest rate (IR), and exchange rate (EXR) in India during the pre-economic crisis and economic crisis periods, using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration, Johansen and Juselius multivariate cointegration test, Granger causality/Block exogeneity Wald test based on Vector Error Correction Model, variance decomposition analysis and impulse response functions. The empirical results reveal a stronger long-run bilateral relationship between real output, price level, IR, and EXR during the pre-crisis sample period. Moreover, the empirical results confirm a unidirectional short-run causality running from price level to EXR, IR to price level, and real output to money supply during the pre-crisis period. Also, it is evident from the test results that there exist short-run bidirectional relationships running between real output and EXR, price level and IR, and IR and EXR in the pre-crisis era, respectively. Most importantly, long-run bidirectional causality is found between real output, EXR, and IR during the economic crisis period. And the study results indicate short-run bidirectional causality between money supply and EXR, IR and price level, and IR and output in India during the crisis era. Also, a short-run unidirectional causality runs from prices to real output in the crisis period.  The Author(s) 2014.</text>
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          <name>Creator</name>
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              <text>Palamalai S.; Mariappan K.; Devakumar C.</text>
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          <name>Source</name>
          <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <text>SAGE Open, Vol-4, No. 1</text>
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          <name>Publisher</name>
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              <text>SAGE Publications Inc.</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>2014-01-01</text>
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          <name>Identifier</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014525419" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014525419&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84990817604&amp;amp;doi=10.1177%2F2158244014525419&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=fc4b5e43c783136848f9f698a0ba5de1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84990817604&amp;amp;doi=10.1177%2f2158244014525419&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=fc4b5e43c783136848f9f698a0ba5de1&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access</text>
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          <description>A related resource</description>
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              <text>ISSN: 21582440</text>
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          <name>Format</name>
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              <text>Online</text>
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          <name>Language</name>
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              <text>English</text>
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              <text>Palamalai S., Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Mariappan K., M.G.R. College (Arts &amp;amp; Science), Tamil Nadu, Hosur, India; Devakumar C., Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India</text>
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