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              <text>Unveiling the Dynamics of Initial Public Offerings: A Comprehensive Review of IPO Pricing, Performance, and Market Trends</text>
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              <text>Initial Public Offerings (IPOs); Issue price; Listing day performance; Listing price; Offer price</text>
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              <text>Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) serve as pivotal moments in the financial markets, representing a company's transition from private to public ownership. The importance of IPOs lies in their capacity to raise substantial capital, facilitating business expansion and development. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in India spanning the period from 2018 to 2022, with a particular focus on their listing day performance. The study categorizes IPOs into various issue price ranges, revealing substantial variability in listing day returns across these categories. It underscores the importance of pricing strategy, emphasizing the need for companies to carefully assess their issue prices to align with market demand. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the varying levels of risk associated with IPO investments based on issue price ranges, advocating for diversification and thorough due diligence. In addition, the paper emphasizes the dynamic nature of IPO markets, influenced by factors beyond pricing, and encourages a balanced approach that considers both potential rewards and challenges. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders, guiding companies, investors, and analysts in making informed decisions in the dynamic world of IPOs.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.</text>
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              <text>Bavachan K.W.; Muthu Gopala Krishnan M.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Vol-536, pp. 487-498.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63402-4_41" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63402-4_41&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205088144&amp;amp;doi=10.1007%2F978-3-031-63402-4_41&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=b99e091f50084cbbb00d05fb15448bb5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205088144&amp;amp;doi=10.1007%2f978-3-031-63402-4_41&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=b99e091f50084cbbb00d05fb15448bb5&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>ISSN: 21984182</text>
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              <text>Bavachan K.W., Phd Scholar, Christ Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, India; Muthu Gopala Krishnan M., Associate Professor, Christ Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, India</text>
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