Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Book Chapter Book Chapter Faculty Publications- Book Chapter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Exploring digital twins: Attributes, challenges and risks Subject The topic of the resource Attributes; Digital transformation; Digital twin; Digitalization; Industry 4.; Risk factors Description An account of the resource The recent approach to digitalization and digital transformation is based on the focus of every industry to develop systems and practices for optimizing the operational phase of the product lifecycle and beyond. Digital twins have become the buzzword in the domain of digital transformation. These Digital twins, which are a virtual representation of real-world occurrences such as processes, services, or products offer a new perspective to digitalization. It has emerged from Industry 4.0 and involves a mapping of the real physical world and the virtual world through Digital Twinning. Artificial Intelligence, Cryptography, Blockchain, Big Data technologies, and IoT act as technology enablers for Digital Twins. The capability of Digital Twin is its ability to cater to diverse applications. Within a decade, it has penetrated deeply into every functional aspect of business right from Patient Health Information Systems to remote control and maintenance of satellites/ space stations and to agriculture. This chapter has a focus on the key attributes, challenges, and risk factors that pertain to digital twin technologies and provides adequate examples from diverse sectors. The key challenges of digital twin technologies include Modeling the unknown, Transparency, Interpretability, Interactions with physical assets, Large-scale computation, Physical realism, Future projections, Data management, Privacy, Security and Quality. The four facets of risks related to Digital Twins include restrictions in access to system resources, theft of intellectual property, lack of compliance, and integrity issues in data/information. Hence, additional efforts and a holistic approach towards privacy and security are required to manage these risks. The holistic approach should cover hardware, software, and firmware together with the information that passes between them. Further, it is required to ensure that system, assets and data are adequately protected. Digital Twin technologies provide enormous competitive advantage for an organization, and a more pragmatic approach for mitigation of risks associated with digital twins is required. This would involve co-creation of Digital Twins with clients along with combined extensive knowledge of physical assets, disruptive technologies and appropriate security measures. 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ramakrishnan N.; Meenakumari J. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital Twins: The Industry 4.0 Use Cases: The Technologies, Tools, Platforms and Applications, pp. 38-60. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-01-01 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173709322&amp;partnerID=40&amp;md5=c5f1b29592a1a2fd9eaf6b10be694e70" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173709322&amp;partnerID=40&amp;md5=c5f1b29592a1a2fd9eaf6b10be694e70</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access Relation A related resource ISBN: 979-889113057-9 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Online Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Book chapter Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ramakrishnan N., Lean Operations and Systems, School of Business and Management, CHRIST Deemed to be University, Bangalore, India; Meenakumari J., Edexeducom, Bengaluru, India