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              <text>Carbon dots as an effective material in enzyme immobilization for sensing applications</text>
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              <text>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs); electrochemical and fluorescence sensing; enzyme immobilization</text>
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              <text>In carbon dots (CDs), both graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots were the latest entrants to the carbon family, all of which are spherical carbon nanoparticles of size &amp;lt;10nm. CDs have found their way in the various applications in the field of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, photocatalysis, nanomedicine, and electrocatalysis ever since their discovery. CDs provide interesting attributes to electrochemical and optical biosensing using enzyme biosensor due to they have desired advantages of biocompatibility, excellent physicochemical properties, high resistance to photo bleaching, intrinsic non/low-toxicity, high solubility, large specific surface area for the binding of enzymes, and low quantum yields, as well as their ability for modification with the attractive surface area. Surface active functional groups such as epoxide, hydroxyl(OH), and carboxylic acid (COOH) groups can be used for the immobilizing biomolecules on CDs. The enzyme immobilization is a process which is generally carried out by ionic/covalent interaction, encapsulation, and adsorption. The process of adsorption is considered to be a simple, effective, and economical method for enzyme immobilization. Thus enzymes immobilized on CDs have shown significant improvement in both activity and stability. This chapter aims to throw light on the progress and development of enzyme immobilization (e.g., laccase, bovine serum albumin, and horseradish peroxidase) in the CDs, which acts as a probe for sensing application, with laying emphasis on their synthesis along with the challenges faced in this exciting and promising field.  2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</text>
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              <text>Ponmudi K.; Cherian A.R.; Varghese A.</text>
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              <text>Carbon Dots in Analytical Chemistry: Detection and Imaging, pp. 241-253.</text>
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              <text>2022-01-01</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-98350-1.00006-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-98350-1.00006-2&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143349838&amp;amp;doi=10.1016%2FB978-0-323-98350-1.00006-2&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=010900e6050bd670eded47037d07b6c2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143349838&amp;amp;doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-323-98350-1.00006-2&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=010900e6050bd670eded47037d07b6c2&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>ISBN: 978-032398350-1; 978-032398573-4</text>
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              <text>Ponmudi K., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Cherian A.R., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Varghese A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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