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              <text>X-Tract: Framework for Flexible Extraction of Features in Chest Radiographs for Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning</text>
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              <text>Diagnostic methods; Feature engineering; Image classification; Pre-built models; Statistical techniques; Support vector machines; Textural descriptors; X-rays</text>
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              <text>Various types of medical images are used as diagnostic tools for identifying pathologies in human bodies, and in this research, chest X-ray images are used as diagnostic tools. Several pre-built models are created by the participants of ImageNet competitions for non-medical images, and these models are also being used in medical image classification; for example, Khan et al. (Comput Methods Prog Biomed 196:105581, 2020) developed a model called Coronet and Narayan Das et al. (IRBM 1:16, 2020) proposed a deep transfer learning-based model. Instead of using the pre-built models, a different approach was taken to address this problem. A framework was created to extract the frequency and spatial domain-based features, along with the raw statistics of the images. The model proposed in this article using the SVM algorithm has reached accuracy levels ranging from 91% to 97% and sensitivity of 92% to 96% on various samples of test data of over 400 images.  2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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              <text>Yugandhar C.; Hiremath M.</text>
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              <text>Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, Vol-351, pp. 335-349.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2468-4_26" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2468-4_26&lt;/a&gt;
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              <text>ISSN: 21903018; ISBN: 978-981992467-7</text>
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              <text>Yugandhar C., Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Hosur Rd, Bhavani Nagar, S.G. Palya, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Hiremath M., Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Hosur Rd, Bhavani Nagar, S.G. Palya, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India</text>
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