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                <text>Conference Papers</text>
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    <name>Conference Paper</name>
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          <name>Title</name>
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              <text>Raman spectrum of graphite layers in Indian coal</text>
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        <element elementId="49">
          <name>Subject</name>
          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <text>chemical leaching; Coal characterization; FT Raman; graphite layer</text>
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          <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <text>Two Indian coals of different rank (bituminous and subbituminous coal) have been demineralized by chemical method. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed to study the changes in functional groups. Well resolved G peak is observed at 1605 cm-1 and 1590 cm-1 both in bituminous coal and subbituminous coal. With HF leaching, this doublet is reduced to a singlet along with reduction of frequency to 1585 cm -1 in subbituminous coal, where as in bituminous coal the absorption become very distinct. Bituminous coal is showing more intense absorption with HF leaching in this region where as subbituminous coal is shown a reduction in intensity. G' band is observed at ? 2700 cm-1 with almost the same intensity as that of G band. This confirms the presence of multilayer formation of graphite layer. The defect band at 1355 cm-1 is due to benzene or condensed benzene rings present in amorphous carbon. This band is weak in the present study. This is mainly due to immature nature of subbituminous coal than the higher rank bituminous coal. Graphite structure is remained behind after chemical leaching liberated oxygenated functional groups and mineral groups. The decrease of ID/IG ratio indicates that graphitization is increased in bituminous coal. 2011 American Institute of Physics.</text>
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          <name>Creator</name>
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              <text>Manoj B.; Jose A.E.</text>
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              <text>AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol-1391, pp. 140-142.</text>
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              <text>2011-01-01</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3646804" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3646804&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81855218996&amp;amp;doi=10.1063%2F1.3646804&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=5300302cf0d6785c69056a56aeb34f66" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81855218996&amp;amp;doi=10.1063%2f1.3646804&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=5300302cf0d6785c69056a56aeb34f66&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <name>Rights</name>
          <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <text>Restricted Access</text>
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          <description>A related resource</description>
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              <text>ISSN: 15517616; ISBN: 978-073540960-6</text>
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              <text>Online</text>
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              <text>English</text>
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              <text>Manoj B., Dept. of Physics, Christ University, Bangalore-29, Karnataka, 560029, India; Jose A.E., Dept. of Physics, Christ University, Bangalore-29, Karnataka, 560029, India</text>
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