Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faculty Publications Article Faculty Publications -Articles Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sahayaraj, JosephMartin; Prabaharan, Gopi; Kartheesan, Loganathan; Jayapandian, Natarajan Title A name given to the resource Energy-Efficient Cluster-Based Reliable Routing Using Hybrid Nutcracker and Improved Sand Cat Optimization Algorithm for Extending Network Lifetime in WSNs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2025 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Journal of Communication Systems;Volume;38;Issue;7;Article No.;e70054; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70054" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70054</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105000388082?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105000388082?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Sahayaraj J., Department of Electronics &amp; Communication Engineering, Sri Indu College of Engineering and Technology, Telangana, Hyderabad, India; Prabaharan G., School of Computing, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&amp;D Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India; Kartheesan L., Department of Computer Science Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Science, Andhra Pradesh, Rajampet, India; Jayapandian N., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India Description An account of the resource In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are deployed in a target region for sensing environmental physical parameters to attain the objective of reactive decision-making. These sensor nodes necessitate energy for processing and forwarding the sensed data to the base station (BS) for better data delivery in WSNs. Balanced energy utilization in WSNs prevents the problem of hotspot, and dynamic cluster head (CH) selection with reliable route establishment is a vital decision-making approach that helps in optimal path selection with maximized energy conservation. In this paper, a nutcracker and sand cat optimization algorithm (NCSCOA)based multiobjective CH selection and sink node mobility scheme is propounded for enabling rapid and reliable data transmission with reduced energy consumption in heterogeneous WSNs. This NCSCOA handled the problem of hotspot as well as isolated nodes and facilitated loop-free routing with the support of the improved nutcracker optimization algorithm (INCOA) that makes the decision of routing using local and global search optimization processes. It constructed an energy-level matrix (ELM) by deriving the impactful factors of intercluster formation, distance between CH and BS, residual energy (RE), and node density for achieving optimal CH selection and route determination. In specific, improved sand cat optimization algorithm (ISCOA) is used during the intercluster formation phase by discovering the optimized path between source and destination during route establishment. Simulation-based findings of the proposed NCSCOA confirmed its efficacy by improving the mean number of alive nodes by 23.18%, reducing energy consumption and delay by 21.86% and 20.98% compared to benchmarked protocols. 2025 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. Subject The topic of the resource CH selection; nutcracker optimization algorithm (NCOA); optimized route determination; sand cat optimization algorithm (SCOA); sink node mobility network lifetime Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available John Wiley and Sons Ltd Relation A related resource ISSN: 10745351; CODEN: IJCYE Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All Open Access; Bronze Open Access Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online