Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faculty Publications Article Faculty Publications -Articles Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Varenya, Aditi; Vijayalakshmi, K.; Babu, Mythri Rajeswara Title A name given to the resource Executive Function Decline and Its Association With TNF-? in the Later Stages of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2025 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Neuroscience Research;Volume;103;Issue;6;Article No.;e70051; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70051" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.70051</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105008587270?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105008587270?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Varenya A., Department of Psychology, Christ University (deemed to be), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Vijayalakshmi K., Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Babu M.R., Department of Psychology, Christ University (deemed to be), Karnataka, Bangalore, India Description An account of the resource Beyond the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, survivors often grapple with incapacitating post-infection symptoms, referred to as Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC) when persistent beyond 90 days. Cognitive manifestations, encompassing attention, memory, and executive functions (EF), collectively termed brain fog, contribute to functional challenges in PASC. This infection also elicits a long-lasting pro-inflammatory response that persists even after viral clearance, potentially correlated with brain fog. However, it is unclear whether pro-inflammatory responses and cognitive sequelae persist beyond 1 year after the onset of infection. Thus, this study sought to investigate the long-term consequences of PASC on EFs as well as a potential association with markers of inflammation. Forty individuals with PASC who passed performance validity testing (PVT) and 40 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological assessments, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to assess global cognition, Victoria Stroop Test to assess inhibitory control, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to assess cognitive flexibility, Digit Span Task to assess working memory, and Mackworth Clock Test to assess sustained attention on the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) toolkit. Serum was assayed for tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Results indicate significant EF decline in PASC, inversely correlated with serum TNF-? concentrations, approximately 562 225 days after the onset of infection. Thus, there exists protracted EF decline in PASC, persistent even beyond 1 year after the onset of infection. Increased levels of TNF-? are observed to be associated with poorer executive functioning in PASC. 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Subject The topic of the resource brain fog; cognitive decline; executive functions; inflammation; post-COVID syndrome Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available John Wiley and Sons Inc Relation A related resource ISSN: 3604012; CODEN: JNRED Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online