ItemArticle

Unusual Generation of Filament-Like Crystal on Vapor-Deposited Sb2Se3 Whiskers Under Ambient Atmosphere

Title
Unusual Generation of Filament-Like Crystal on Vapor-Deposited Sb2Se3 Whiskers Under Ambient Atmosphere
Creator
John, Bibin; Pandian, Muthu Senthil; Ramasamy, P.; Thomas, Sabu; Kunjomana, A.G.; Hariprasad, M.G.; Jose, Lexu; Mathew, Teena
Description
This research article proposes a novel strategy to explore the nucleation and growth mechanism of a filamentary spike-like feature (secondary growth) on vapor-deposited antimony selenide (Sb2S3) whiskers (primary crystallization) due to the influence of electric fields, defects, and ambient atmosphere. Small, ultra-long, branched whiskers were produced by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method utilizing a homemade tubular furnace. In order to grow these crystal features, a temperature difference (?T) of 180C was maintained by adjusting the temperature in the hot (710C) and cold zones (530C), followed by a fast cooling rate of 12C/min. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional (3D) profilometry, and Raman imaging analysis were utilized to investigate the surface features of the as-grown and electrically activated whiskers under ambient atmosphere. A possible crystallization (secondary growth) mechanism of the filamentary crystals in the defective region under the influence of an electric field was proposed. We noted that the effect of extrinsic impurities like oxygen coupled with an electric field promoted the growth of filamentary crystals on the whiskers, which were probed utilizing x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). An orthorhombic crystal structure with unit dimensions of a = 11.632 b = 11.798 and c = 3.987was calculated from the XRD results. This research provides a new growth mechanism and a comprehensive picture of nucleation followed by branching of filamentary crystals on the primary crystallized Sb2Se3 whisker surface. The research output with regard to layered chalcogenide materials (LCMs) will undoubtedly help researchers focus on removing secondary/whisker growth from LCM-based optoelectronic devices. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.
Source
Journal of Electronic Materials;Volume;54;Issue;12;pp.11408-11420
Date
01-01-2025
Publisher
Springer
Subject
antimony selenides; filamentary crystals; Physical vapor deposition; whiskers
Coverage
John B., Department of Physics, St. Alberts College (Autonomous), Kerala, Ernakulum, 682018, India, Crystal Growth and Thin Film Division, Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Pandian M.S., SSN Research Centre, SSN College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, Chennai, 603110, India; Ramasamy P., SSN Research Centre, SSN College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, Chennai, 603110, India; Thomas S., Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, Kottayam, 686560, India; Kunjomana A.G., Crystal Growth and Thin Film Division, Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Hariprasad M.G., ASML Netherlands B. V, De Run 5601, Veldhoven, 5504 DR, Netherlands; Jose L., Crystal Growth and Thin Film Division, Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Mathew T., Department of Physics, St. Thomas College, Kerala, Palai, 686574, India
Rights
Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library
Relation
ISSN: 3615235; CODEN: JECMA
Format
online
Language
English
Type
Article

Citation

John, Bibin; Pandian, Muthu Senthil; Ramasamy, P.; Thomas, Sabu; Kunjomana, A.G.; Hariprasad, M.G.; Jose, Lexu; Mathew, Teena, “Unusual Generation of Filament-Like Crystal on Vapor-Deposited Sb2Se3 Whiskers Under Ambient Atmosphere,” CHRIST (Deemed To Be University) Institutional Repository, accessed June 19, 2026, https://archives.christuniversity.in/items/show/21978.

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