Comprehensive and comparative analysis of sorbitan ester (Span) niosomes as emerging vesicular drug delivery platform: Fabrication, characterization, release dynamics, biocompatibility profiling and toxicological implications
Hemocompatibility; Hepato-renal toxicity; Oxidative stress; Sorbitan esters; Vesicular drug delivery system (VDDS)
To overcome the limitations and related adverse side effects of conventional drug delivery, niosomes, aka non-ionic surfactant vesicles, have emerged as an effective vesicular drug delivery system (VDDS) for the past few years. This study represents a comparative analysis of physico-chemical characteristics, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of synthesized sorbitan ester (Span) niosomal vesicles. In brief, Span 20, Span 40, Span 60 and Span 80 surfactants, along with equimolar concentration of cholesterol, were used to synthesize blank, Biochanin A (model hydrophobic drug) and Crocin (model hydrophobic drug) loaded niosomes. Characterization techniques unveiled that all niosomes were polydispersed sphericles with hydrodynamic diameter of 300 nm to 650 nm and PDI < 0.550. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UVvisible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis of drug loaded niosomes showed respective characteristic peaks of Biochanin A and Crocin, indicating effective drug encapsulation with EE% varying from 58.975 to 90.050. Among all formulations, Span 60 and Span 40 niosomes sketched satisfactory yield, drug encapsulation (EE%), loading efficacy (LD%), drug release and stability. Results obtained from in vitro biocompatibility study depicted that all niosomes had marked drug delivery efficacy with minimum cytotoxicity (<25 %) and haemolysis (<27 %) at 500 g/mL concentration. After a consecutive 14-day exposure to blank niosomes (100 mg/kg body weight) by intraparetonial injection, treated swiss albino mice exhibited little to no significant changes in body weight, organ weight, haematological and biochemical parameters, with normal hepato-renal histological characteristics. Thus, the study portrayed a mechanistic and comparative evaluation in vitro and in vivo applicability of niosomes with detailed sub-acute toxicological profiling. 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Karan, Gouri; Pradhan, Ananya; Dey, Surya Kanta; Manna, Sounik; Mahata, Rumi; Das Choudhuri, Angsuman; Giri, Dibyendu; Maity, Pralay; Bepari, Madhubati; Das, Avijit Kumar; Choudhury, Sujata Maiti
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects;Volume;728;Issue;;Article No.;138731;
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.138731 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105022188699?origin=resultslist
Karan G., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India; Pradhan A., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India; Dey S.K., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Department of Allied Health Science, Brainware University, Barasat, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 125, India; Manna S., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India; Mahata R., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India; Das Choudhuri A., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India; Giri D., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India; Maity P., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India; Bepari M., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India; Das A.K., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 029, India; Choudhury S.M., Department of Human Physiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India, Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Reproductive Physiology Division, West Bengal, India, Cancer Nanotherapeutics and Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, Midnapore, 721 102, India