Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faculty Publications Article Faculty Publications -Articles Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jomon, Sneha; Bastian, Blossom Treesa; Joseph, Manu M. Title A name given to the resource Analysis of passive bloodstain morphology across surface textures and drop heights using deep learning Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2026 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Forensic Science International;Volume;383;Issue;;Article No.;112890; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112890" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112890</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105034568412?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105034568412?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Jomon S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Bastian B.T., Augsense Lab, Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Joseph M.M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India Description An account of the resource Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is a critical forensic science tool for reconstructing crime scene events. In this study, the effect of substrate type and drop height on the morphology of passive bloodstains was examined under controlled laboratory conditions. Blood samples were dropped vertically at 90 angle from three different heights, and the drops were permitted to strike five different surfaces, including curved cups, crushed chart paper, jute cloth, jelly stone, and concrete. These substrates were chosen to represent a realistic range of porous, semi-porous, non-porous, textured, and curved materials that are commonly encountered in crime scenes. The features of the substrate affect stain morphology, including shape irregularity and satellite formation, but not the measured angle of impact. These findings validate the consistency of impact angle determination using BPA, wherein the nature of the substrate primarily affects stain morphology but not necessarily the accuracy of angles. The large image data sets were tested using deep learning approaches, which effectively differentiate bloodstain patterns generated from varying fall heights. MobileNet model, leveraging pretrained ImageNet features, achieved superior accuracy and generalisation, underscoring the value of transfer learning for small forensic datasets. Future extensions of this work will include multiple impact angles, motion-related effects and temperature-controlled conditions to represent the actual crime scene scenarios. Deep learningbased analysis of these data may improve the understanding of bloodstain morphology and strengthen the forensic applicability. 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. Subject The topic of the resource Bloodstains; Crime Scene Analysis; Deep Learning; Forensic Reconstruction; Impact Angle Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Elsevier Ireland Ltd Relation A related resource ISSN: 3790738; CODEN: FSIND Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online