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Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Singhal, Abhinav; Tiwari, Rakhi; Chaudhary, Anjali; Vinodkumar, Nisa Title A name given to the resource Non-Fourier thermal transport analysis in the human eye using a dual-phase-lag bioheat framework under environmental exposure Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2026 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer;Volume;175;Issue;P1;Article No.;111009; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.111009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.111009</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105035598198?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105035598198?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Singhal A., Christ University, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Tiwari R., University Department of Mathematics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Bihar, Muzaffarpur, 842002, India; Chaudhary A., Department of Management, College of Business Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia; Vinodkumar N., Department of Management, College of Business Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia Description An account of the resource Understanding how heat propagates inside the human eye is important for preventing thermal damage during environmental exposure, laser treatments, and biomedical procedures, particularly in hot climates where ocular tissues are vulnerable to temperature rise. Conventional bioheat models based on Fourier heat conduction assume instantaneous heat transfer and may therefore fail to capture delayed thermal responses occurring in heterogeneous biological tissues. The aim of this study is to develop and analytically investigate a dual-phase-lag bioheat model capable of accurately predicting intraocular temperature evolution under combined environmental and physiological thermal loading. Motivated by the need for a more realistic and computationally efficient framework for ocular thermal safety assessmentaligned with Saudi Arabias Vision 2030 goals in healthcare innovation and preventive medicinethis study develops a dual-phase-lag (DPL) bioheat model to analyze heat transport in a multilayer human eye under combined environmental and physiological loading. Closed-form analytical solutions are obtained using normal-mode analysis for all six ocular layers while accounting for convection, evaporation, blood perfusion, and tissue porosity. Results show that the DPL model predicts lower and smoother temperature distributions compared with Fourier and LordShulman models, indicating more physiologically realistic thermal behavior. Ambient temperature and evaporation primarily control heating in anterior eye regions, whereas perfusion and tissue porosity dominate thermal regulation in deeper layers. Sensitivity analysis and thermal-safety maps identify critical combinations of exposure conditions that may increase thermal risk. A surrogate-based reduced-order model is further developed and validated, enabling rapid prediction of intraocular temperature with high accuracy. The study demonstrates that incorporating non-Fourier thermal effects significantly improves prediction of ocular temperature dynamics and provides a practical framework for thermal safety assessment, ophthalmic treatment planning, and climate-adaptive healthcare technologies. 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. Subject The topic of the resource Analytical normal-mode analysis; Blood perfusion effects; Dual-phase-lag bioheat model; Environmental thermal loading; Evaporative cooling; Multilayer biological tissues; Non-Fourier heat conduction; Ocular thermal transport; Surrogate-based prediction; Thermal safety assessment Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Elsevier Ltd Relation A related resource ISSN: 7351933; CODEN: IHMTD Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online