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                <text>Faculty Publications</text>
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              <text>Bilal, Faris S.; Elumalai, P.V.; Kiran Kavalli; Mishra, Nirmith Kumar; Chan, Choon Kit; Saleel, C Ahamed; Hussain, Fayaz; Khan, Sher Afghan; Keba?, Ali</text>
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          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <text>Hydrogen-enriched dual-fuel CI engine fueled with Mahua biodiesel and hybrid nano-additives: Integrated experiments, explainable machine learning, and multi-objective optimization</text>
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              <text>01-01-2026</text>
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              <text>International Journal of Hydrogen Energy;Volume;235;Issue;;Article No.;155037;</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.155037" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.155037&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036359871?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036359871?origin=resultslist&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Bilal F.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al Baha University, Al Baha, 65527, Saudi Arabia; Elumalai P.V., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya University, Surampalem, 533437, India; Kiran Kavalli, Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, 560074, India; Mishra N.K., Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India; Chan C.K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, INTI International University, Malaysia; Saleel C.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia, Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Hussain F., Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Khan S.A., Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, 53100, Malaysia; Keba? A., Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Technology Faculty, Mu?la S?tk? Koan University, Mente?e, Mu?la, 48000, Turkey</text>
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              <text>Hydrogen-enriched dual-fuel compression-ignition (CI) engines are a potential pathway towards higher efficiency and lower carbon-intensive emissions. Studies conducted so far have considered hydrogen enrichment, biodiesel fuels, nano-additives, and data-driven optimization as separate entities; hence, there is no integration or comprehensive understanding about them, which leads to an efficiency-nitrogen oxides trade-off. This study presents an integrated experimental-machine learning-explainable artificial intelligence-multi-objective optimization framework for a hydrogen-assisted dual-fuel CI engine fueled with a Mahua biodiesel-diesel (B20) blend and hybrid nano-additives (Al2O3TiO2 and CeO2-MWCNT, 50-100ppm). Experimental results indicated that hydrogen enrichment hybridized with nano-additives improves brake thermal efficiency by 8-14% and reduces brake-specific fuel consumption by 10-18%. HC, CO, and smoke emissions are reduced by up to 35%, 32%, and 45%, respectively. There is a moderate increase in NOx by 12-28%. Machine-learning models achieved high predictive accuracy (R2&amp;gt;0.99). The XGBoost exhibited superior generalization. The SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis found that the dominant factors were engine load, the hydrogen energy share, and the concentration of nano-additives. The XGBoost-Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (XGBMOGWO) framework created Pareto-optimal solutions showing a strong and interpretable pathway for advancing trade-offs between efficiency and emissions in dual-fuel engines.  2026 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.</text>
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              <text>Energy efficiency; Explainable artificial intelligence; Hybrid metal-oxide nanoparticles; Hydrogen dual-fuel CI engine; Mahua biodiesel; Multi-objective grey Wolf optimization; SHAP feature attribution</text>
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              <text>Elsevier Ltd</text>
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              <text>ISSN: 3603199; CODEN: IJHED</text>
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              <text>Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library</text>
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