Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faculty Publications Article Faculty Publications -Articles Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Prabhu, Smitha G.; Kumar, Kilari Naveen; Kamath, Kavitha; Veera Pandi, N.; Nithyashree, S.; Jafri, R.Imran Title A name given to the resource Tuning WO3 film properties for electrochromic applications via annealing and oxygen pressure Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2025 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Optik;Volume;336;Issue;;Article No.;172439; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172439" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172439</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007288037?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007288037?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Prabhu S.G., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560064, India; Kumar K.N., Department of Physics, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560064, India, Centre for Nanomaterials and MEMS, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560064, India; Kamath K., Department of Physics, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560064, India; Veera Pandi N., CeNSE, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Nithyashree S., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Jafri R.I., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India Description An account of the resource The objective of this investigation was to examine the intricate relationship between annealing temperature and oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) in regard to morphological, structural, and electrochemical properties of tungsten trioxide (WO3) films that were produced through sputtering. The films were deposited under two different PaO2 values, specifically 0.3 mTorr and 0.5 mTorr, and then underwent annealing at various temperatures: room temperature, 100, 200, 300, and 400 degrees Celsius. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a temperature-dependent transition from an amorphous to a crystalline phase. Morphological analyses conducted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated a trend towards a smoother surface as both the annealing temperature and PaO2 rose. At 400 C, the films exhibited a granular surface finish. Significantly, the film fabricated at 0.3 mTorr and subjected to room temperature (RT) annealing showed cracks, indicating inherent stress in the film. Electrochemical evaluations revealed that the WO3 film deposited at 0.5 mTorr and annealed later at 200 C demonstrated enhanced redox performance, better diffusion of ions, and remarkable reversibility. Impressive results were demonstrated in optical studies, attaining 83 % optical modulation, colouration efficiency (CE) up to 30.54 cm/C, and swift switching durations of 1.17 s for colouration and 0.82 s for decolouration. Moreover, cycling tests showed negligible degradation after 100 cycles for the films deposited at 0.5 mTorr PaO2 and treated at 200 C, emphasizing their resilience. This study furnishes a comprehensive knowledge of the consequences of annealing temperature and PaO2 collectively on WO3 films, highlighting the novel strategy of enhancing electrochromic efficacy by modifying temperature and meticulously balancing the PaO2, thus contributing to the progress of energy-efficient smart materials. 2025 Subject The topic of the resource Annealing; Electrochromic; Oxygen partial pressure; Sputtering; WO₃ Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Elsevier GmbH Relation A related resource ISSN: 304026; Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online