ItemArticle

Detection of explosive picric acid via ESIPT-inhibited fluorescent chemosensor: theoretical insights, vapour phase detection and flexible indicator design

Title
Detection of explosive picric acid via ESIPT-inhibited fluorescent chemosensor: theoretical insights, vapour phase detection and flexible indicator design
Creator
S, Pavithra; Semwal, Keshav; S, Vishnu; Salian, Raksha D.; Kumbhakar, Partha; Das, Avijit Kumar
Description
A fluorescent probe, (E)-2-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (BMP), was designed and synthesized using 4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and benzothiazole-2-amine, and subsequently characterized for its selective turn-off response toward picric acid (PA). Upon the gradual addition of PA, significant changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra were observed, marked by strong fluorescence quenching even in the presence of competing nitroaromatic compounds. BMP exhibited two absorption signals at 350 nm and 433 nm with a prominent emission band at 488 nm, attributed to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), accompanied by a large Stokes shift of 138 nm. The interaction between PA and the hydroxyl group of BMP effectively suppressed the ESIPT process, leading to the observed spectral variations. The binding interactions were further confirmed through NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The ligand BMP has been utilized as a selective chemosensor for PA with a 2-fold reduction in fluorescence intensity and 19-fold increment in absorption intensity, showing a binding affinity of 2 104 M?1 and strong quenching efficiency toward picric acid, with a SternVolmer constant (Ksv) of 14.059 M?1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.87 ?M. For practical implementation, BMP was successfully employed in a dipstick-based detection format for vapor-phase sensing. Moreover, BMP-embedded polymer films demonstrated excellent potential as solid-state fluorescent sensors, exhibiting visible fluorescence quenching upon exposure to PA. Their rapid, time-dependent emission response under UV light allows for convenient, on-site detection using devices such as smartphones, making them highly promising for real-world applications in explosives detection and environmental monitoring. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025
Source
RSC Advances;Volume;15;Issue;50;pp.42857-42866
Date
01-01-2025
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Coverage
S P., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India, Centre for Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Christ University, Karnataka, 560029, India; Semwal K., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India, Centre for Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Christ University, Karnataka, 560029, India; S V., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India, Centre for Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Christ University, Karnataka, 560029, India; Salian R.D., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ University, Bangalore, 560029, India; Kumbhakar P., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ University, Bangalore, 560029, India; Das A.K., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India, Centre for Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Christ University, Karnataka, 560029, India
Rights
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
Relation
ISSN: 20462069; CODEN: RSCAC
Format
online
Language
English
Type
Article

Citation

S, Pavithra; Semwal, Keshav; S, Vishnu; Salian, Raksha D.; Kumbhakar, Partha; Das, Avijit Kumar, “Detection of explosive picric acid via ESIPT-inhibited fluorescent chemosensor: theoretical insights, vapour phase detection and flexible indicator design,” CHRIST (Deemed To Be University) Institutional Repository, accessed June 18, 2026, https://archives.christuniversity.in/items/show/22586.

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