ItemArticle

Design and experimental validation of multi-section directional coupler with arbitrary coupling and high directivity for sub-6 GHz UWB applications

Title
Design and experimental validation of multi-section directional coupler with arbitrary coupling and high directivity for sub-6 GHz UWB applications
Creator
Patel, Shrawan K.; Barik, Rusan Kumar; Dewangan, Niraj Kumar; Koziel, Slawomir
Description
This work presents a geometrically simple topology for developing an ultra-wideband directional coupler with improved coupling and directivity. A short-ended coupled-line structure is used to achieve an ultra-wideband, tightly coupled symmetric three-section coupler using the microstrip line technology. The proposed design demonstrates an explicit improvement of approximately 1.2 dB in coupling compared to conventional multi-section directional couplers. Calculated, simulated, and measured responses validate the effectiveness of the proposed configuration in terms of low-ripple coupling bandwidth, low insertion loss, and improved directivity performance compared to respective responses of the conventional structure. Couplers featuring a higher number of sections to implement different bandwidths and couplings can be fabricated using the presented structure due to its transmission line-based approach. A prototype of the three-section directional coupler with coupling of 7.6 dB, 8.1 dB, and 8.3 dB and corresponding bandwidths of 104%, 123% and 133% is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results confirm that the coupler can reliably achieve higher coupling with ultra-wideband response from 0.75 GHz to 3.75 GHz (5:1) with 8.3 1.4 dB (ripple). Additionally, the design yields promising performance with return loss > 16 dB, isolation > 20 dB, a phase difference of 90 4, and directivity > 30 dB, and the maximum circuit size is 0.067?02. This work aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure by advancing high-performance microwave components that support efficient, reliable, and scalable communication infrastructure. 2026 Patel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Source
PLOS ONE;Volume;21;Issue;2026-05-05 00:00:00;Article No.;e0347748;
Date
01-01-2026
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Coverage
Patel S.K., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, GGV Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India; Barik R.K., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST University, Bangalore, India; Dewangan N.K., Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Koziel S., Engineering Optimization and Modeling Center, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
Rights
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
Relation
ISSN: 19326203; CODEN: POLNC
Format
online
Language
English
Type
Article

Citation

Patel, Shrawan K.; Barik, Rusan Kumar; Dewangan, Niraj Kumar; Koziel, Slawomir, “Design and experimental validation of multi-section directional coupler with arbitrary coupling and high directivity for sub-6 GHz UWB applications,” CHRIST (Deemed To Be University) Institutional Repository, accessed June 19, 2026, https://archives.christuniversity.in/items/show/23233.

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