Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faculty Publications Article Faculty Publications -Articles Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Balamurugan, Rahul; Nanjundan, Preethi; Sharma, Avichal Title A name given to the resource Complex Systems Mapping of Fiscal Growth Dynamics at Strategic Maritime Chokepoints Using Time-Series Slopes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2026 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northeast Journal of Complex Systems;Volume;8;Issue;1;Article No.;8; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.63562/2577-8439.1149" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.63562/2577-8439.1149</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037394978?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037394978?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Balamurugan R., State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, United States; Nanjundan P., Christ (Deemed to be University), Lavasa, Pune, India; Sharma A., Christ (Deemed to be University), Lavasa, Pune, India Description An account of the resource This study examines how maritime and trading states allocate public resources between defence, health, and economic growth around three strategic chokepoints the Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Suez Canal. The analysis extends the classic guns versus butter framing by treating defence and health spending as co-evolving components of an interconnected fiscal-growth system. Using World Development Indicators data (1999-2024), trend slopes are estimated for military spending (% of GDP), healthcare spending (% of GDP), and GDP growth (annual %). Two derived indicators are computed, a defence-to-health slope ratio (military slope/health slope) and a fiscal-balance proxy (health slope - military slope). Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests are used to assess stationarity (unit-root behaviour), and Granger causality tests to examine whether GDP growth temporally precedes changes in spending shares. Hormuz chokepoint states show non-negative health slopes (e.g., UAE +0.1199) alongside negative GDP growth slopes in some cases (e.g., Qatar -0.4754). Suez chokepoint states exhibit negative defence slopes (e.g., Egypt -0.0899) with comparatively small or negative health slopes (e.g., Egypt -0.0211). The United States is included as an external benchmark because it is the largest trading nation by monetary trade volume and is directly or indirectly coupled to chokepoint flows; it shows health +0.1758 and military -0.0116 (ratio -0.0657). These quantified configurations support chokepoint-specific fiscal regimes and provide a compact visual map of security, health, growth dynamics in a small integrated complex systems. @ Binghamton (The ORB), 2026. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Binghamton University Libraries Relation A related resource ISSN: 25778439; Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All Open Access; Gold Open Access Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online