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              <text>Varghese, Nikita; Das, Raktima; Nair, Yamuna</text>
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              <text>Upconversion nanoparticles for detection of small biomolecules and ions</text>
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              <text>01-01-2025</text>
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              <text>Upconversion Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications;pp.623-679</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-26661-4.00017-X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-26661-4.00017-X&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023926151?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023926151?origin=resultslist&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Varghese N., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Das R., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Nair Y., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India</text>
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              <text>In recent years, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have resulted in substantial advances in the area of sensitive and selective detection of small biomolecules and ions. UCNPs possess a unique optical property known as lanthanide upconversion luminescence. This phenomenon enables them to absorb low-energy light from the near-infrared region and subsequently emit higher-energy light in the visible or ultraviolet part of the spectrum. This process, often referred to as the anti-Stokes shift, resists the conventional fluorescence behavior by absorbing lower-energy photons, followed by emission of higher-energy photons. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanism of upconversion fluorescence and explores the properties of UCNPs. It then delves into the applications of UCNPs in detection of biomolecules like proteins and amino acids, nucleic acids, and tumor biomarkers, thus facilitating early diagnosis and patient care. Additionally, UCNPs are useful in the detection of ions by altering their surface chemistry to bind selectively to target ions, expanding their utility in environmental monitoring and chemical analysis.  2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</text>
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              <text>biomolecules; fluorescence sensing; ions detection; Upconversion of nanoparticles</text>
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              <text>ISBN: 978-044326661-4; 978-044326662-1;</text>
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