Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faculty Publications Book Chapter Faculty Publications- Book Chapter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deivanayagam, Jenifer; Sanjeeviraja, Bhavani Title A name given to the resource Unofficial Bilingualism in English-Only Policy Context: A Postmethod Pedagogy for Difficult Circumstances in Rural Government Schools of Tamil Nadu Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2025 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Language Education, Politics and Technology in South Asia: Shaping Inclusive Societies, Identities, and Futures;pp.80-97 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003491347-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003491347-7</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105000603493?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105000603493?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Deivanayagam J., Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Sanjeeviraja B., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India Description An account of the resource This chapter introduces and explains the phenomenon of Unofficial Bilingualism in government-run English-medium schools in rural Tamil Nadu, India. It delineates instances of using the mother tongue to navigate language learning challenges in schools with an official English-only policy. It studies three schools in the Salem district of Tamazil Nadu using a qualitative research framework, with classroom observation and telephonic interviews with teachers as primary research methods. Using thematic analysis of recorded classroom observation of three teachers use of L1 in the English classroom and in-depth, semi-structured telephone interviews with rural government schoolteachers across Tamil Nadu, the study grounds the phenomenon of Unofficial Bilingualism within the conceptual framework of Difficult Circumstances in ELT (West, 1960; Smith, 2011; Anderson, 2021) and explains it as a form of Postmethod Pedagogy (Kumaravadivelu, 2001, 2006). It explains the use of L1 in the classroom, despite official policy mandating teachers not to, and provides theoretical justification to legitimise the use of L1. The chapter argues for making Unofficial Bilingualism official and discusses its implications for classroom policy and teacher education, reconciling classroom practice with official policy. The study has implications for medium of instruction, language policy and teacher education. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Uma Pradhan and Mohini Gupta; individual chapters, the contributors. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Taylor and Francis Relation A related resource ISBN: 978-104032119-5; 978-103279272-9; Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Book chapter Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online