Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faculty Publications Book Chapter Faculty Publications- Book Chapter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Azyu, Helen P.; Chakraborty, Avishek Title A name given to the resource Legal Framework and Ethical Challenges in Patenting AR/VR Innovations in Healthcare Under the Indian Patent Act, 1970 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2026 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Shaping Tomorrow: Unveiling the Potential of AR, VR, and MR in Every Realm;pp.315-332 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036617705?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036617705?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Azyu H.P., School of Law, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Chakraborty A., School of Law, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India Description An account of the resource Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are gradually becoming significant to various industries, such as gaming, education, industrial design sectors, and healthcare. Even though augmented and virtual reality breakthroughs have already revolutionised healthcare by enhancing diagnosis, treatment, medical education, training and rehabilitation, granting patents to these technologies-imposed challenges when it comes to legal and moral concerns. Section 3(k) of the Patents Act 1970 forbids patenting softwaredriven discoveries and therapy-oriented applications. Such a legal constraint could be challenging for augmented reality and virtual reality technologies in healthcare, as it mostly depends on algorithmic procedures and therapeutic functions to develop breakthroughs. Other challenges could be section 3(b) of the Patents Act of 1970, which prohibits inventions that are contrary to public order or morality or cause harm to the environment, as ethics and morality play a crucial role in patenting AR/VR healthcare technology. The primary purpose of patent law is to encourage inventions, but it can cause medical care by creating a monopoly and allowing limited access to society. Patenting AR/VR technologies is essential to address moral and ethical concerns, as patenting these technologies in healthcare will promote inequality in patient care. The purpose of the present article is to analyse the ambiguity of the patentability of AR/VR technology in healthcare under the Patents Act of 1970 while addressing moral values with references to the principles of ethics. The paper further examines secondary data on patent grants on biomedical devices that integrate AR/VR across medical disciplines. 2026 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Subject The topic of the resource Augmented reality; Biomedical; Healthcare; Healthcare technology; India; Industry; Innovation; Moral challenges; Patent law; Technologies; Virtual reality Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Relation A related resource ISBN: 979-890134179-7; 979-890134076-9; Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Book chapter Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online