Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faculty Publications Conference Paper Faculty Publications- Conference Papers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beri, Nimisha; Basha, J. Jeelan; Thilagam, M.; Suganthi, J.; Santhiya, C.; Hemaswathi, S. Title A name given to the resource Hybrid Semantic Evaluation of Student Answers Using Rule Matching and BERT Embeddings Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-01-2025 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived International Conference on Intelligent Communication Networks and Computational Techniques, ICICNCT 2025; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICNCT66124.2025.11232975" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICNCT66124.2025.11232975</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105030446877?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105030446877?origin=resultslist</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Beri N., School of Education, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India; Basha J.J., School of Management Studies, Reva University, Bengaluru, India; Thilagam M., Sri S.Ramasamy Naidu Memorial College, Department of Computer Science, Sattur, India; Suganthi J., Christ Deemed to be university, Department of Computer Science, Bengaluru, India; Santhiya C., Thiagarajar College of Engg., Department of Computer Sci. and Engg, Madurai, India; Hemaswathi S., Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Educ., Department of Information Technology, Tamil Nadu, India Description An account of the resource Accurate evaluation of student answers in online and traditional assessments is critical in education. In recent years, various text similarity-based methods have been proposed. However, there are certain challenges, such as the semantic and structural understanding of text. Thus, this paper uses the BERT model to present a hybrid evaluation framework that combines rule-based similarity techniques with deep semantic knowledge. The rule-based component utilizes predefined linguistic and domain-specific rules to ensure interpretability. At the same time, BERT-based similarity captures the semantic similarity and the paraphrased answers. Experimentation has been carried out on benchmark datasets, with the proposed hybrid model and human experts on manual evaluation. The performance comparison demonstrates that the hybrid model has performed significantly better than the traditional machine learning approaches in terms of accuracy and fairness of scoring. The proposed hybrid model is also compatible with deployment in educational platforms as it provides suitable feedback to learners. 2025 IEEE. Subject The topic of the resource AI-based Assessment; BERT; Hybrid model; Natural Language Processing; Text similarity Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. Relation A related resource ISBN: 979-833158623-2; Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Conference paper Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource online