Carbon Dioxide Neutralization across the Global Supply Chain
The increased impacts of climatic changes and global warming has led many organizations to adopt green initiatives in several areas of their business processes. Many multinational companies are moving towards reduction of carbon emission across its various operations. Carbon neutrality is the process where steps are taken to achieve net zero carbon dioxide emissions. This article proposes measures to achieve carbon neutrality across the supply chain globally. As part of its sustainability initiative, organizations have decided to reduce carbon consumption across their plants. This calls for estimation of carbon dioxide emissions and reducing the carbon footprint in the entire supply chain process. It also involves gauging Green House CO2 emissions during the transportation process for all TMC regions and Transportation models used by various companies. The main calculations include total CO2 emissions, CO2 Emissions per Ton. Of Goods Transported, CO2 Emissions per Transport Km. These calculations are done based on factors such as Full Truck Load, Less Truck Load, Sea mode of transportation and Air mode of transportation. An analysis is performed on the resulting calculation figures for different modes of transportation such as road, air and sea. The analysis shows that there is an increase in overall CO2e for Air mode of transportation. The least increase in overall Co2 is Sea mode of transportation. Through this analysis, it helps the company to take better decisions regarding the mode of transportation that they need to adopt to achieve carbon neutrality. The Electrochemical Society
ECS Transactions, Vol-107, No. 1, pp. 12131-12141.
https://doi.org/10.1149/10701.12131ecst https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130520616&doi=10.1149%2f10701.12131ecst&partnerID=40&md5=a1890b5d643ba76494219d8fa612f84e
Oommen K.P., Department of Lean Operations and Systems, Christ University, Bangalore, India; Kurian S., Department of Lean Operations and Systems, Christ University, Bangalore, India; Joy J., Department of Lean Operations and Systems, Christ University, Bangalore, India
Carbon Disclosure and Organization Performance: A Literature Review
bibliometric analysis; carbon disclosure, climate change; cost of capital; organization performance; sustainability
As a response to the threat of climate change, a growing number of businesses are voluntarily reporting carbon statistics. This article provides a comprehensive understanding of carbon disclosure, organization performance (OP), and cost of capital. This study aims to map the landscape of existing carbon disclosure and firm performance research completed over the past 10 years (2013-2022) utilizing bibliometric analysis. Sparked by the growing political, social, academic, and practical significance of controlling and reporting on climate-related concerns worldwide, this study analyzes the production and acquisition of information about significant regions and territories, institutions, publications, and channels for carbon disclosure and firm performance research using data from 878 publications retrieved from the Scopus database. To identify themes and subthemes in the research on carbon disclosure and firm performance, network analysis was utilized to reveal connections between the topics represented by keywords. Further, critical gaps have been highlighted in the literature, such as: the lack of carbon disclosure research across cross-sector settings, the lack of sectorial comparisons on the carbon disclosure practices, and the dearth of analyses of both pre-carbon disclosure and after-carbon disclosure practices and their impact on various financial and nonfinancial issues (for example, cost of capital and firm performance, sustainability, and climate change). Finally, this study makes specific recommendations for future carbon disclosure and firm performance research. 2023 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
Sustainability and climate change, Vol-16, No. 4, pp. 302-317.
https://doi.org/10.1089/scc.2023.0018 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85171806114&doi=10.1089%2fscc.2023.0018&partnerID=40&md5=746f63ef139051a25d4ec2fa7d8160bf
Mishra P., GLA University, Mathura, India; Sant T.G., GLA University, Mathura, India; Kumar K., School of Business and Management, Christ University, Ghaziabad, India
Carbon Dot-Based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Systems for Biomedical, Sensing, and Imaging Applications
bio-imaging; carbon dots; environmental sensing; FRET; membrane dynamics; metal sensing
Carbon dots (CDs) emerge as a potential group of photo-luminescent nano-materials due to their excellent optical, electrical, and chemical properties, as well as their competence in a wide range of environmental applications. CDs have unique and appealing properties such as excellent stability, low toxicity, water solubility, and derivability. When coupled with CDs, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) results in the development of highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescence sensor probes with potential applications in bio-imaging, metal sensing, membrane dynamics, and environmental sensing. In this review, the progress and recent developments in CDs based FRET systems utilized for various environmental applications are conferred. An in-depth description is provided regarding the numerous donor/acceptor systems which when integrated with CDs generate efficient FRET systems. The review enables researchers to identify and develop specific systems which can be utilized to generate a FRET pair with potential physicochemical properties that aid the development of the same for various applications. 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Gopal A.R.; Joy F.; Dutta V.; Devasia J.; Dateer R.; Nizam A.
Particle and Particle Systems Characterization, Vol-41, No. 1
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202300072 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174722877&doi=10.1002%2fppsc.202300072&partnerID=40&md5=7e4c80f22b3280cff9fa799f606d7a84
Gopal A.R., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Joy F., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Dutta V., Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, Mohali, 140413, India; Devasia J., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Dateer R., Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed to be University), Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Karnataka, Ramanagara, Kanakapura, 562112, India; Nizam A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Carbon dots as an effective material in enzyme immobilization for sensing applications
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs); electrochemical and fluorescence sensing; enzyme immobilization
In carbon dots (CDs), both graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots were the latest entrants to the carbon family, all of which are spherical carbon nanoparticles of size <10nm. CDs have found their way in the various applications in the field of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, photocatalysis, nanomedicine, and electrocatalysis ever since their discovery. CDs provide interesting attributes to electrochemical and optical biosensing using enzyme biosensor due to they have desired advantages of biocompatibility, excellent physicochemical properties, high resistance to photo bleaching, intrinsic non/low-toxicity, high solubility, large specific surface area for the binding of enzymes, and low quantum yields, as well as their ability for modification with the attractive surface area. Surface active functional groups such as epoxide, hydroxyl(OH), and carboxylic acid (COOH) groups can be used for the immobilizing biomolecules on CDs. The enzyme immobilization is a process which is generally carried out by ionic/covalent interaction, encapsulation, and adsorption. The process of adsorption is considered to be a simple, effective, and economical method for enzyme immobilization. Thus enzymes immobilized on CDs have shown significant improvement in both activity and stability. This chapter aims to throw light on the progress and development of enzyme immobilization (e.g., laccase, bovine serum albumin, and horseradish peroxidase) in the CDs, which acts as a probe for sensing application, with laying emphasis on their synthesis along with the challenges faced in this exciting and promising field. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Carbon Dots in Analytical Chemistry: Detection and Imaging, pp. 241-253.
Ponmudi K., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Cherian A.R., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Varghese A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
Carbon dots derived from Averrhoa bilimbi fruit for the detection of cholesterol and chromium(vi)
Carbon dots (CDs) are a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, typically less than 10 nm in size, known for their unique optical and electronic properties. Their discovery led to the opening of new avenues in nanotechnology, particularly in the field of fluorescence-based sensing. Owing to their strong photoluminescence, excellent aqueous solubility, low cytotoxicity, and potential surface functionalization, CDs have been considered as effective fluorescent probes for the detection of a wide range of analytes. Herein, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of CDs from a natural source, Averrhoa bilimbi fruit, leading to the formation of CDs exhibiting useful photoluminescent properties and potential for selective detection of cholesterol and Cr(vi) ions. The average particle size of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit-derived CDs (AB-CDs) was found to be 6.022 nm. The properties of AB-CDs were unravelled from structural and optical characterization and the applicability of AB-CDs as sensors for heavy metals and biomarkers was studied. The selective fluorescence response towards cholesterol and Cr(vi) makes it an efficient fluoroprobe for practical applications. The limits of detection for the sensing of cholesterol and Cr(vi) were estimated to be 0.31 M and 1.71 M respectively. The sensor system using AB-CDs is economical, sustainable, and eco-friendly. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026
Joji Mathew, Aishwarya; Lisa John, Varsha; Aiswarya, P.S.; Vinod, T.P.
RSC Advances;Volume;16;Issue;13;pp.12132-12140
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra00222f https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031638144?origin=resultslist
Joji Mathew A., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Lisa John V., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Aiswarya P.S., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Vinod T.P., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India, Centre for Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Christ University, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Carbon dots derived from frankincense soot for ratiometric and colorimetric detection of lead (II)
carbon dots; detection of lead; frankincense soot; photoluminescence; TD-DFT; UV light LED chip
We report a simple one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots from frankincense soot. Carbon dots prepared from frankincense (FI-CDs) have narrow size distribution with an average size of 1.80 nm. FI-CDs emit intense blue fluorescence without additional surface functionalization or modification. A negative surface charge was observed for FI-CDs, indicating the abundance of epoxy, carboxylic acid, and hydroxyl functionalities that accounts for their stability. A theoretical investigation of the FI-CDs attached to oxygen-rich functional groups is incorporated in this study. The characteristics of FI-CDs signify arm-chair orientation, which is confirmed by comparing the indirect bandgap of FI-CDs with the bandgap obtained from Tauc plots. Also, we demonstrate that the FI-CDs are promising fluoroprobes for the ratiometric detection of Pb2+ ions (detection limit of 0.12 ?M). The addition of Pb2+ to FI-CD solution quenched the fluorescence intensity, which is observable under illumination by UV light LED chips. We demonstrate a smartphone-assisted quantification of the fluorescence intensity change providing an efficient strategy for the colorimetric sensing of Pb2+ in real-life samples. 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Lisa John V.; Fasila P.M.; Chaithra K.P.; Vinod T.P.
ISSN: 9574484; PubMed ID: 36049475; CODEN: NNOTE
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac8e76 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138458505&doi=10.1088%2f1361-6528%2fac8e76&partnerID=40&md5=bd7f5294eb43822f617b9771d77f855f
Lisa John V., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Fasila P.M., Department of Chemistry, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kerala, Kannur, 670142, India; Chaithra K.P., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Vinod T.P., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India
Carbon Dots from Natural Sources for Biomedical Applications
bioimaging; carbon dots; chemiluminescence; drug delivery; nanomedicine; photodynamic therapy; photothermal therapy; toxicity
Carbon dots (CD), a class of 0D nanomaterials, have gained much research attention over the years due to their uniqueness in properties such as tunable photoluminescence, biocompatibility, low toxicity, water-solubility, and chemical stability. Converting inexpensive biomass to valuable materials highlights the synthesis and applications of biomass-derived CDs. This review summarizes the research and development related to the synthesis, properties, and applications of biomass-derived CDs, furnishing a comprehensive list of biomass-derived CDs with their properties and potential applications. This review's discussions and references span the properties that equip CDs for their diverse biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, sensing, drug delivery, phototherapy, and nanomedicine. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Ayiloor Rajesh G.; John V.L.; Pookunnath Santhosh A.; Krishnan Nair Ambika A.; Thavarool Puthiyedath V.
Particle and Particle Systems Characterization, Vol-39, No. 9
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202200017 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133556904&doi=10.1002%2fppsc.202200017&partnerID=40&md5=585bcc69c11adbe3e9d466c667227960
Ayiloor Rajesh G., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; John V.L., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Pookunnath Santhosh A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Krishnan Nair Ambika A., Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kerala, Kochi, 682022, India; Thavarool Puthiyedath V., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India
Carbon dots-Zno/TiO2 ternary nanocomposite as a proficient material to enhance the performance of natural DSSC
Carbon dots; Co-activation; Composites; DSSC; Natural dye; Stability
A novel sustainable approach for enhancing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) involves the utilization of a combination of ZnO and carbon dots (CDs) derived from Citrus medica fruit extract, along with microwave-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles for the preparation of the photoanode. Natural dyes such as Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Allium Cepa peel are employed as sensitizers to reduce production costs. This co-activation method has demonstrated a significant improvement in the output parameters of the devices. Notably, the photoanode co-activated with ZnO-CD composite (ZnO-CD/TiO2) exhibits the most favorable output parameters when combined with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis dye (open circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.80 V, short circuit current density (Jsc) = 6.62 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) = 64.20 %, photo conversion efficiency (PCE) = 3.40 %) and Allium Cepa peel dye (Voc = 0.81 V, Jsc = 6.79 mA/cm2, FF = 65.70 %, PCE = 3.61 %). When paired with Allium Cepa dye, the CD modified photoanode (CD/TiO2) offers Voc = 0.73 V, Jsc = 6.64 mA/cm2, FF = 61.27 % and PCE = 2.97 %. Similarly, when combined with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis dye, the output parameters of the CD/TiO2 photoanode are Voc = 0.72 V, Jsc = 6.54 mA/cm2, FF = 64.4 % and PCE = 3.03 %. In comparison to all tested devices, the unmodified photoanode (TiO2) displayed the lowest performance, with parameters such as Voc = 0.59 V, Jsc = 6.45 mA/cm2, FF = 52.5 %, PCE = 2.10 % using Allium Cepa peel dye, and Voc = 0.66 V, Jsc = 6 mA/cm2, FF = 51.60 %, PCE = 2.04 % using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis dye. Furthermore, the co-activation process has been shown to enhance the stability of the devices. While the unmodified photoanodes ceased to operate after eight days, the ZnO-CD composite co-activated photoanodes retained their initial efficiencies up to 61.50 % and 68.53 % with the Allium Cepa peel dye and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis dye, respectively. Therefore, this study underscores the potential of the synthesized composite material in enhancing the performance of natural DSSCs. 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Varghese M.; Ninan G.G.; Balachandran M.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micrna.2024.207934 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199681046&doi=10.1016%2fj.micrna.2024.207934&partnerID=40&md5=952a0e7bc28d64a5b090137415208eb1
Varghese M., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Ninan G.G., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Balachandran M., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Carbon Footprint Minimization in 5G Networks Using Blockchain Integrated Renewable Energy Management Framework
Blockchain; Carbon Emission; Carbon Footprint; Linear Programming; Renewable Energy
The rapid growth of 5G networks has created a huge upsurge in energy consumption, raising severe issues regarding carbon emissions and sustainability. Although current strategies like energy-efficient routing, smart grid optimization, and renewable energy integration have tried to counter these impacts, they suffer from a lack of real-time optimization and decentralized control, leading to inefficient carbon reduction and unacceptable energy cost efficiency. In order to fill these gaps, this study presents a novel framework known as BAREO-LP (Blockchain-Assisted Renewable Energy Optimization using Linear Programming) which incorporates blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading, renewable energy (solar and battery) modeling, and an emission-conscious linear programming optimization framework. The developed model is utilized through the Python programming language and evaluated on the publicly available 5G-Energy Consumption Dataset from Kaggle. Experimental outcomes show a 58% decrease in carbon emissions and a 32% cost reduction against conventional grid-based and smart grid scenarios. The method also gains an accuracy gain of 16% in energy demand forecasting with minimized load balancing and resource optimization. The blockchain module provides trust and transparency in peer-to-peer energy trading, making the model scalable and realizable in real-world 5G implementations. This multi-faceted strategy sets a new standard for green communication infrastructures and calls for further investigation in sustainable 5G network planning. 2025 IEEE.
Dsouza, Mithun; Sreenivasa, B.L.; Sathyanarayana, S.; Landage, Rajkumar Prabhakar; Sajiv, G.; Karthik, M.
2025 IEEE Pune Section International Conference, PuneCon 2025;
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library
https://doi.org/10.1109/PuneCon67554.2025.11378716 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105034698065?origin=resultslist
Dsouza M., Christ (Deemed to be University), Department of Computer Science, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sreenivasa B.L., School of It, St Aloysius (deemed to be university), Institute of Management and Information Technology, Mangalore, India; Sathyanarayana S., Daksha First Grade College, Department of Computer science, Mysore, India; Landage R.P., Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, N B Navale Sinhgad College of Engineering, Department: Electrical, Maharashtra, Solapur, India; Sajiv G., Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Saveetha University, Department of Ece, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India; Karthik M., K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Department of Ai & Ds, Trichy, India
Carbon Nanodots: Application in Drug Delivery and Bioimaging
Bioimaging; Carbon dots; Carbon nanodots; Diagnostics; Drug delivery; Therapeutics
Carbon nanodots (CNDs), the newest member of the carbon-based nanomaterial family, are also among the most promising for the development of unique, cutting-edge applications. They are regarded as a rising star among nanomaterials due to their singular and unmatched physicochemical and photoluminescent capabilities. Numerous applications built on CNDs have been created during the past 10 years. Carbon dots exhibit ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, photostability, and favorable photoluminescence and water solubility properties. Due to these distinctive characteristics, they find extensive applications in live cell imaging, catalysis, electronics, biosensing, power systems, targeted drug delivery, and various other biomedical fields. This chapter examines the most recent advancements in carbon dot nanomedicine, including their application as imaging agents and drug transporters. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
Molahalli, Vandana; Sharma, Aman; Bijapur, Kiran; Patel, B. G. Maya; Sirichandana, B.; Murari, Anvitha; Sanjana, R.K.; Pooja, B.M.; Chattham, Nattaporn; Hegde, Gurumurthy
Handbook of Material Engineering in Nanobiomedicine and Diagnostics;pp.667-693
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7445-6_29 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007961909?origin=resultslist
Molahalli V., Department of Physics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India; Sharma A., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Bijapur K., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Patel B.G.M., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Sirichandana B., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Murari A., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Sanjana R.K., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Pooja B.M., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Chattham N., Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Hegde G., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), Christ University, Bengaluru, India
Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Storage and Conversion
CNTs; Energy storage and conversion; Polymer nanocomposite
A large global commitment is necessary to scale up the deployment of renewable energy, engage in research and development, and implement energy-efficient practices. The development of large-scale energy storage technologies is crucial to fully harness renewable resources, ensure grid stability, and facilitate a more sustainable and reliable energy future. This becomes increasingly important as the demand for clean and renewable energy grows. Polymer nanocomposites have demonstrated considerable promise in energy storage and conversion. These nanocomposites can have better mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and electrochemical performance due to adding nanoparticles or nanofillers to polymer matrices. Although carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cansignificantly enhance the characteristics of polymers at extremely low filler loadings, they are the perfect filler for both structural and functional applications. An extensive review of current studies on the synthesis and modification of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with CNTs is given in this chapter. To promote this new subject, it also severely evaluates a number of applications pertaining to energy conversion and storage. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Engineering Materials, Vol-Part F3404, pp. 133-154.
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Simon S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Aswathi V.P., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sreeja P.B., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Carbon Nanotubes as Carriers in Plant Science
Carbon nanotubes have emerged as promising nanomaterials in plant sciences, offering innovative solutions for enhancing sustainable agricultural production. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural variations of CNTs, including single-walled, stacked-cup, and multi-walled nanotubes, and their applications in gene delivery, biosensing, and development of nano-pesticides and nano-insecticides. CNTs facilitate improved nutrient uptake, promote plant growth, and enhance stress tolerance through their unique physicochemical properties. Additionally, their interactions with plant-associated microbes and soil microbial communities, plant health and soil fertility are discussed. However, challenges related to CNT toxicity, environmental persistence, and their effects on plant physiology necessitate further research. The chapter also explores the integration of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and multi omics approaches in optimizing CNT applications for plant breeding, precision agriculture, and crop improvement. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.
Naga Baru, Sahithi Venkata; Mathew, Gicy; Maanasa, Dhevi B.; Lakshmaiah, Vasantha Veerappa; Nagella, Praveen
Nanocarriers in Plant Science and Agriculture;pp.63-87
https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9869-2.ch003 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105013722877?origin=resultslist
Naga Baru S.V., Christ University, India; Mathew G., Christ University, India; Maanasa D.B., Christ University, India; Lakshmaiah V.V., Christ University, India; Nagella P., Christ University, India
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); CNTs/oxide and CNTs/polymer composite; Electrode materials; Energy storage; Supercapacitor
Supercapacitors are energy storage devices that boast significant capacitance, enhanced energy density, rapid charge/discharge cycles, minimal heat generation, safety, sustainability with no expendable components, and extended durability. Supercapacitors, due to their unique characteristics, are increasingly favoured in consumer electronics and as alternate energy solutions. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising material for supercapacitor electrodes, thanks to their remarkable features like exceptional conductivity, large surface area, robust mechanical strength, and chemical stability. The objective is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the pros and cons of supercapacitor materials involving CNTs and to pinpoint ways to boost their efficiency. This also entails examining how the inherent physical and chemical traits of pure CNTs, such as their size, quality, imperfections, shape, modifications, and treatment processes, influence their capacitance. Moreover, a deeper dive into composites, like CNTs combined with oxides, polymers, and other hybrid materials, aims to customize their composition and characteristics to optimize capacitance while ensuring the devices longevity. This section also compiles the latest studies on various CNT composites as potential supercapacitor electrode materials. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Simon S.; Aswathi V.P.; Sunny S.; Sreeja P.B.
Engineering Materials, Vol-Part F2348, pp. 217-236.
Simon S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Aswathi V.P., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sunny S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sreeja P.B., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Carbon-Based and TMDs-Based Materials as Catalyst Support for Fuel Cells
Global energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by the extensive use of fossil fuels have increased the need to look forward to more renewable energy sources. Fuel cell, one of the promising energy conversion devices, has the potential to outsmart the existing devices but has several setbacks to be employed on a larger scale. One of the hindrances is the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction kinetics at the cathode and hence requires electrocatalysts to improve its overall performance. This chapter provides a brief overview of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)- based composites that have the potential to be used as a catalyst support. 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Carbon and Tmds Nanomaterials for Energy Applications, pp. 107-131.
Nair A.S., Department of Physics and Electronics CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Joseph S., Department of Physics and Electronics CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Jafri R.I., Department of Physics and Electronics CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis: A Review
Bioimaging; Cancer therapy; Carbon-based nanomaterials; Photodynamic therapy; Photothermal therapy
Early detection and treatment is a successful method to fight against cancer. The use of conventional methods often limits the early-stage detection of the same. Nanotechnology, especially nanomedicine, has become an evolving field in research today. Nanoparticles, with their diverse application in medicine, have grown tremendously. Despite their physicochemical properties, the toxicity of nanoparticles in living organisms has helped the scientific community develop these nanoparticles for cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the two different types of synthesis of nanoparticles: Top-down and Bottom-up approaches, many instances of various techniques and other inorganic nanoparticles that are good platforms for bioimaging and biosensing applications, drug delivery nanocarriers for specific tumor targeting, thereby reducing the toxicity to healthy tissues and Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Photo Thermal Therapy (PTT), their mechanism and nanoparticles and examples of their surface functionalization used in cancer treatment. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Thomas D.T.; Baby A.; Raman V.; Balakrishnan S.P.
https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202202455 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139260142&doi=10.1002%2fslct.202202455&partnerID=40&md5=34514ab9a9702a1d52f2e645f8d03bca
Thomas D.T., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Baby A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Raman V., Department of Chemistry, T. M. Jacob Memorial Government College, Manimalakkunu, Kerala, Koothattukulam, 686662, India; Balakrishnan S.P., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India
Carbonized Molybdenum Disulfide-Decorated Carbon from Waste Papaya Straws as Counter Electrode for Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
bifacial; Biocarbon; counter electrode; electrocatalyst; molybdenum disulfide
Abstract: Ongoing research efforts are aimed at developing bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that are both economically viable and high-performance. In this investigation, molybdenum disulfide-decorated biomass-derived carbon from waste papaya straws (MoS2@PS) was synthesized via a hydrothermal technique, and then subsequently subjected to annealing at various temperatures, referred to as PS26, PS27, and PS28. Annealing MoS2 -decorated PS resulted in an increase in surface area which was confirmed using BrunauerEmmettTeller measurements, revealing type IV isotherms with an H3 hysteresis loop showing the mesoscopic nature of PS28. The maximum recorded photovoltaic conversion efficiency was approximately 6.85% for the PS28 composite counter electrode (CE), highlighting its potential as a platinum-free alternative. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry and Tafel polarization studies confirmed the superior electrocatalytic activity of the MoS2@PS CE in the reduction process of triiodide ions (I3?). Studies on transmittance were conducted to validate the bifacial characteristics of DSSCs. The results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicate that the MoS2@PS CE-based DSSCs exhibit rapid charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface, with a resistance of RCT = 24.27 ? for the PS28 counter electrode. The favourable attributes of optimal conversion efficiency, high transmittance, ease of preparation, rapid charge transfer, and affordability suggest that MoS2@PS counter electrodes hold significant potential for applications in DSSCs. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.
Upadhyay, Shanyukta; Narendhiran, Santhosh; Balachandran, Manoj
Journal of Electronic Materials;Volume;54;Issue;5;Article No.;101412;pp.3924-3935
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-025-11879-7 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105001141385?origin=resultslist
Upadhyay S., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Narendhiran S., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Balachandran M., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Carboplatin-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8: Induction of antiproliferative activity and apoptosis in breast cancer cell
breast cancer; cell death; cytotoxicity; drug delivery; pH sensitive
The challenge with breast cancer is its ongoing high prevalence and difficulties in early detection and access to effective care. A solution lies in creating tailored metalorganic frameworks to encapsulate anticancer drugs, enabling precise and targeted treatment with less adverse effects and improved effectiveness. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and carboplatin (CP)-loaded ZIF-8 were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques. High Resolution-transmission electron microscopy of ZIF-8 and CP@ZIF-8 indicates that the particles had a spherical shape and were nanosized. The drug release rate of CP is 98% under an acidic medium (pH 5.5) because of the dissolution of ZIF-8 into its coordinating ions, whereas 35% in a physiological medium (pH 7.4) with the addition of CP, the high porosity, and pore diameter of ZIF-8 decrease from 1243 to 1041m2/g. Breast cancer MCF-7 cells were shown greater IC50 in CP@ZIF-8 (15.013.03g/mL) than free CP (34.984.25g/mL) in an in vitro cytotoxicity assessment. The cytotoxicity of the CP@ZIF-8 against MCF-7 cells was studied using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide method. The morphological changes were examined using fluorescent staining (acridine orangeethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258) methods. The comet assay assessed the DNA fragmentation (single-cell gel electrophoresis). The results from the study revealed that CP@ZIF-8 can be used in the treatment of breast cancer. 2024 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Ganapathy S.; Bharathi M.; Hirad A.H.; Alarfaj A.A.; Thangavelu I.; Arulselvan P.; Jaganathan R.; Ravindran R.; Suriyaprakash J.; Boopathi T.S.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2689 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85208035599&doi=10.1002%2fbab.2689&partnerID=40&md5=26e688170bcff128b41c9d8000aa0e2f
Ganapathy S., Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchengode, India; Bharathi M., Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India; Hirad A.H., Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Alarfaj A.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Thangavelu I., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Arulselvan P., Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India; Jaganathan R., Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL-RCMP), Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia; Ravindran R., Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL-RCMP), Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia; Suriyaprakash J., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Boopathi T.S., Department of Chemistry, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India, Functional Materials Laboratory, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
Ganapathy, Saravanan; Bharathi, Muruganantham; Hirad, Abdurahman Hajinur; Alarfaj, Abdullah A.; Thangavelu, Indumathi; Arulselvan, Palanisamy; Jaganathan, Ravindran; Ravindran, Rajeswari; Suriyaprakash, Jagadeesh; Boopathi, Thalakulam Shanmugam
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry;Volume;72;Issue;3;pp.683-694
https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2689 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85208035599?origin=resultslist
Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Modified Strontium Oxide Nanoparticles: a Multifunctional Nanoplatform for C6 Glioma Therapy and Antimicrobial Applications
Bioevaluation; Characterization; CMC-SrO nanoparticles; Synthesis; Zebrafish
Glioma, a very aggressive brain tumor, poses major therapeutic challenges. The present research investigates the synthesis, characterization, and bioevaluation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-functionalized strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles (SrCMC) as anticancer and biocompatibility probes. SrO nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation and functionalized with CMC for better dispersion and stability. Characterization by XRD, FTIR, UVVis, PL, SEM, TEM, and EDAX proved structural and optical enhancements. SrCMC showed enhanced photoluminescence with a blue shift and increased emission intensity, indicating modified surface defects. UVVis analysis revealed a slight band gap increase from 4.07eV to 4.12eV due to CMC capping. FTIR and EDAX confirmed successful functionalization, while XRD showed reduced crystallite size (32nm to 26nm) and maintained tetragonal structure. SEM and HRTEM revealed improved dispersion and decreased lattice spacing in SrCMC, reflecting surface stabilization by CMC. For in vitro tests on C6 glioma cells, the cytotoxicity was found to be time- and dose-dependent with IC?? values of 22.1, 17.6, and 14.8g/mL for SrO and 20.3, 15.8, and 12.6g/mL for SrCMC after 24, 48, and 72h respectively. In vivo biocompatibility was assessed using zebrafish embryos exposed to SrCMC nanoparticles at 0.5mg/mL and 1mg/mL across various time intervals. The agar well diffusion method was employed to assess the antimicrobial activity against the following pathogens including Gram-positive (S. pneumoniae, B. subtilis), Gram-negative (K. pneumoniae, S. dysenteriae), and fungal (C. albicans) strains. The results revealed SrCMC exhibited significant inhibitory effects against all tested organisms and comparable to streptomycin. This work shows SrCMCs potential for biomedical applications, subject to careful control of toxicity. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Mushtaq, Zahi; Sharma, Vijay; Mukherjee, Jonaki; Wunnava, Aneesh; Thangavelu, Indumathi; Tadepalli, Srinivas; Bhran, Ahmed A.
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials;Volume;35;Issue;12;pp.10290-10305
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-025-03918-x https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105009633228?origin=resultslist
Mushtaq Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Presidency University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Sharma V., Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Haryana, Gurugram, India; Mukherjee J., Department of Electrical & Electronics, ARKA JAIN University, Jharkhand, Jamshedpur, India; Wunnava A., Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 751030, India; Thangavelu I., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Tadepalli S., Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia; Bhran A.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
Carcinogens in Food: Evaluating the Presence of Cadmium, Lead, in Poultry Meat in South India
Cadmium and Zinc; Lead; Poultry chicken; toxic effects
Objective: Local chickens were spontaneously sampled and slaughtered in the central markets of Coimbatore, Erode, and Namakkal districts, South India. Materials and Methods: Wet digestion was used to extract lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in their blood and selected different organs (intestine, breast, liver, and gizzard), and their concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Apart from the blood of chickens from Coimbatore and Namakkal, where Pb was not found, the concentrations of Pb in the blood and organs of chickens from the three towns ranged from 1.8 to 8.33 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum tolerance thresholds (0.1 mg/kg) in internal organs of poultry birds. Except for the intestine of chickens from the three areas, Cd was only found in the heart, blood, and gizzard of Erode chickens, as well as the liver and gizzard of Namakkal chickens, in concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 0.58. According to threshold level, the upper limit met the maximum limits (0.5 mg/kg). Zn was found in all sections of chickens from the three selected districts, with concentrations ranging from 4.96 to 174.17 mg/kg. Conclusion: Its concentrations were within the permissible limits (10-50 mg/kg) in some areas of certain chickens, but it surpassed the permissible limit in the liver of chicken from Coimbatore. Any organs and blood from local chickens sold in Coimbatore, Erode, and Namakkal areas can be hazardous to ones health. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License
Pappuswamy M.; Meyyazhagan A.; Balasubramanian B.; Bhotla H.K.; Pushparaj K.; Eswaran M.; Arumugam V.A.; Periyaswamy T.; Dhandapani K.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol-22, No. 11, pp. 3507-3511.
Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
Pappuswamy M., Departmen of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Meyyazhagan A., Departmen of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Balasubramanian B., Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea; Bhotla H.K., Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Pushparaj K., Department of Zoology, School of Bioscience, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Sciences and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Eswaran M., Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Arumugam V.A., Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Periyaswamy T., Nehru Arts & Science College (Affiliated to Bharathiar University), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India; Dhandapani K., School of Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200241, China