Exploring Consumer Choices and Shopping Patterns: Examining Influences on Consumer Choices
This chapter explores the dynamic world of consumer behaviour and buying patterns, focusing on the psychological, social, cultural, and economic factors that shape decisions. It examines how consumers manage their preferences and choices in various market situations, highlighting trends like sustainable consumption, loyalty-driven purchases, and impulsive buying. The chapter also investigates the impact of the digital revolution, including social media and e-commerce, on consumer engagement and purchasing habits. By addressing elements such as peer influence, brand perception, and decision-making processes, it emphasises the importance of understanding consumer diversity in demographics, culture, and lifestyle. Combining theoretical frameworks, real-world examples, and data-driven insights, this chapter provides businesses and researchers with a foundation for predicting demands and creating effective marketing strategies. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.
Cultural Sensitivity, Cross-Border Logistics, and E-Commerce in Global Marketing;pp.181-213
Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library
https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0528-8.ch009 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105004488700?origin=resultslist
Golchha C., Christ University, India; Nagariya R.J., Christ University, India
Wound Healing, Cell Viability and Antimicrobial Potency of Mucus from Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Cell Cytotoxicity; Cell Migration; Mucus Extracts; Pangasianodon hypophthalmus; Wound Healing
Acute and chronic wounds are the major cause of death according to World Health Organization (WHO), in which, antimicrobial resistance is considered to be a major plight. In this regard, our study is aimed at developing an antimicrobial agent using the mucus of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus against the clinically resistant microbial pathogens and to evaluate the cell cytotoxicity and cell viability followed by an in vitro wound healing analysis. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity was performed through well diffusion method and micro dilution method. The cell cytotoxicity and cell viability were assessed using MTT assay. The cell migration and in vitro wound healing was performed using scratch assay. The acidic extracts of mucus showed antimicrobial activity against the eight different selected bacterial strains while the organic extract showed against seven bacterial strains. L929 showed a cell viability of 102.96% at a concentration of 75 g/mL and did not show cell toxicity effect up to the concentration of 300 g/mL. In the in vitro wound healing analysis, the cell migration rate was 99.27% in the treated cells while, the untreated showed only 94.68%. The current research work clearly shows that the mucus of P. hypophthalmus possesses antimicrobial activity and wound healing potency. Furthermore, gene expression analysis and in vivo trials have to be performed for a thorough understanding of the actual cellular mechanism of wound healing. The Author(s) 2024.
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Vol-18, No. 4, pp. 2411-2423.
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.18.4.14 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85212942617&doi=10.22207%2fJPAM.18.4.14&partnerID=40&md5=cb10969e5fa51f0c39b4a32dc0fffaf0
Gomathy M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Pappuswamy M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
A Systematic Review of Fish-Based Biomaterial on Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Processes
anti-inflammatory; fish biomaterial; in vitro studies; in vivo studies; wound healing
Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review to study the effects of fish-based biomaterials on wound healing in both in vivo and in vitro animal models. Approach: This review covers the study reported in different articles between 2016 and August 2022 concentrating mainly on the cytotoxicity evaluation of different fish-based biomaterials on inflammation, reepithelialization and wound healing. Significance: This review shows considerable amount of research work carried out with fish-based biomaterials and collagen for treating burn wounds. Surprisingly there are only a few commercial products developed so far in this particular regard for surgical purpose and therefore, there is a way out and need for developing medical support product from fish-based biomaterials to treat and cure wounds. Recent Advances: Three-dimensional skin bioprinting technique is a large-scale solution for severe burn wounds that requires collagen as a raw material for printing, wherein fish collagen can be used in place of bovine and porcine, as it is biocompatible, promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration, and degrades enzymatically. In the recent times, there are a few fish-based surgical products that have been formulated by Kerecis in United States. Critical Issues: The different fish-based biomaterial products are all mere supplements taken in orally as food or supplements till date and there is no proper proven medications that has been formulated so far in the field of wound healing and inflammation based on fish biomaterials except the surgical products that can be finger counted. Future Directions: Fish-based biomaterials are known for the medicinal properties that are used throughout the world and further investigations should be carried out to understand the actual physiochemical properties of its derivatives for the discovery of novel products and drugs. Copyright 2024 by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Advances in Wound Care, Vol-13, No. 2, pp. 83-96.
https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2022.0142 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164495478&doi=10.1089%2fwound.2022.0142&partnerID=40&md5=fb37451cd34127c879075bf727d5428b
Gomathy M., Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Karnataka, India; Paul A.J., Department of Zoology, St. Josephs University, Bengaluru, India, Department of Zoology, St. Josephs University, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560027, India; Krishnakumar V., Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Karnataka, India
Malicious node detection using heterogeneous cluster based secure routing protocol (HCBS) in wireless adhoc sensor networks
Adhoc network; Energy consumption; HCBS; Malicious nodes; Security; Sensor nodes
In wireless, every device can moves anywhere without any infrastructure also the information can be maintained constantly for routing the traffic. The open issues of wireless Adhoc network the attacks which are chosen the forwarding attack that is dropped by malicious node to corrupt the network performance then the information integrity exposure. Aim of the problem that existing methods in Adhoc network for malicious node detection which cannot assure the traceability of the node as well as the fairness of node detection. In this paper, the proposed heterogeneous cluster based secure routing scheme provides trust based secure network for detection of attacks such as wormhole and black hole caused by malicious nodes presence in wireless Adhoc network. The simulation result shows that the proposed model is detect the malicious nodes effectively in wireless Adhoc networks. The malicious node detection efficiency can be achieved 96% also energy consumption also 10% better than existing method. 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Gomathy V.; Padhy N.; Samanta D.; Sivaram M.; Jain V.; Amiri I.S.
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Vol-11, No. 11, pp. 4995-5001.
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Gomathy V., Department of EEE, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Kuniamuthur, Coimbatore, India; Padhy N., School of Computer Engineering, GIET University, Gunupur, Odisha, India; Samanta D., Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be University, Bangalore, India; Sivaram M., Department of CSE, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq; Jain V., Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi, India; Amiri I.S., Computational Optics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Design and validation of the digital well-being scale
digital; online; scale development; well-being
As the reliance on digital products and services continues to increase, there arises the need to measure and understand how the use of digital devices affects our well-being. In order to do so, the researchers attempted to create and validate an instrument. The items for the instrument were identified through an extensive review of literature, followed by a brainstorming session. The statements were then validated by a panel of experts, post which the instrument was administered, and the data was collected and analyzed for reliability and validity. The final instrument returned a Cronbachs alpha score of 0.921, indicating high reliability. The validity of the instrument was also established through a confirmatory factor analysis. 2023, University of Bologna. All rights reserved.
Gomes R.; Mathew J.; Nair S.; Mulasi A.; Yadav P.
Ricerche di Pedagogia e Didattica, Vol-18, No. 1, pp. 239-251.
Gomes R., Jyoti Nivas Autonomous College., India; Mathew J., School of Business and Management, CHRIST University, India; Nair S., School of Business and Management, CHRIST University, India; Mulasi A., Presidency University, India; Yadav P., CMR Institute of Technology, India
Virtual Community Mentoring Models for Middle School Underachievers Psychosocial Development and Well-Being During COVID-19
COVID-19; psychosocial development; virtual community models
Recent studies highlight the outcomes of COVID-19 on the psychosocial skills of early adolescents. It shows the unavailability of virtual community mentoring models for teenagers' individual and interpersonal growth in the virtual scenario. Hence, there emerges a need to explore and apply the available virtual communication resources by facilitators, families, and other community professionals for teenagers self-development. This article reports the application of virtual resources like WhatsApp, graphic design platforms (CANVA and Adobe), graphic interchange formats (GIPHY App), all-in-one visual content editing forums (InShot App), and memes (Meme Generator App) in engaging and supporting community mentoring capacities leading to psychosocial development and well-being for teenagers during COVID-19. Through this article, contemporary virtual models are explored and executed with community guidance to integrate the personal developmental skills of middle school underachievers. There is also a need to work with community interventions by using virtual mentoring skillsets for positive youth development. 2022, Commonwealth of Learning. All rights reserved.
Journal of Learning for Development, Vol-9, No. 1, pp. 137-144.
https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v9i1.614 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127751960&doi=10.56059%2fjl4d.v9i1.614&partnerID=40&md5=3c58e7060808e9765ba0eee598161e42
Gomes R.F., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Thomas L., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
Development and validation of middle school under performers checklist in India through virtual platforms post-COVID-19
Education is a holistic development that must be nurtured through hybrid or virtual educational practices. The pandemic brought a sense of psychosocial distress among teenagers that urged the need to understand these psychosocial competencies. Often, our Indian education system is unable to assess the challenging psychosocial competencies of learners in varied learning platforms. Hence, there is a need in todays context to harness adolescents holistic learning to be more flexible, and interactive with innovative instructional methodologies, creative assessment strategies, and virtual resource tools. These psychosocial open learning resources need to be advocated by educators and counsellors for the well-being of teenagers. Thus, this quantitative study aimed to develop a checklist to identify the psychosocial concerns of underperformers in an open learning system. Hence, educators and counsellors must be equipped to recognise their psychosocial concerns to handhold them into becoming autonomous thinkers and contributors in their society. This would further establish the seed of sustainability. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate a checklist as a psychometric measure to identify middle school underperformers social and personal abilities. The study group comprised 359 school educators and counsellors in Bangalore and Mashed, India (299 educators and 60 counsellors). The checklist was developed using Develop (2016) and Oldenburgs principles of scale development (2021). The Cranach coefficient of the checklist was.924 for 12 items. The statistical results indicated the validation of the checklist as a tool for identifying psychosocial challenges of eighth-grade underperformers as reliable. Exploratory Factor Analysis reduced these items into two distinctive factors. The findings suggest that the checklist can be used as an innovative educational toolkit to identify middle school underperformers personal and social abilities. Further experimentation of this study can be taken up with a larger intergenerational population. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Asma Parveen and Rajesh Verma; individual chapters, the contributors.
Mental, Emotional and Behavioural Needs of the General Population Following COVID-19 in India: Findings from Qualitative and Quantitative Studies, pp. 135-155.
Gomes R.F., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India, Jyoti Nivas College Autonomous, Bangalore, India; Thomas L., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune, Lavasa, India
Design, analysis and fabrication of EV with level-1 autonomous vehicle capability
The fact to this day remains true and the same for over a hundred years the Automobile industry and vehicles, in general, have become the pivoting point in our day to day lives. We might as well call it a necessary evil. Although it is very true that they have made our lives more convenient when we speak in terms of transportation; the pollution that conventional IC engine vehicles produce hasn't done much to create a cleaner environment especially with Global warming on the rise as we speak. The simplest remedy would be is to replace IC engine vehicles with Electric one, EV. A Problem common to both conventional IC engine vehicles and EV's alike is the accidents occurring due to collision caused by human error on-road. While safety measures have greatly been taken in order to reduce the damage done to the driver and passengers in the event of a collision it would be far better to avoid the collision altogether. Thus having at least, a Level-1 Autonomous Vehicles capability where the system alerts the driver in the event of a crash or collision and deploy full braking capability. Thanks to increasing urbanization and the advent of modern technology the need of the hour of the 21st century has given rise to high demands for employment in the motorized transport sectors. The authors were successfully able to design, analyze and fabricate an EV with Level-1 Autonomous Vehicles capability. The successful implementation of this project will help in reducing not only pollution and accidents occurring on-road due to vehicle collision but also pave paths in alimenting Level-1 Autonomous Vehicles capability in EV's inexpensively. 2020 Author(s).
Gomes S.A.; Peter R.C.; Rao A.S.; Ghosh S.; Khan D.M.
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0033975 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097663660&doi=10.1063%2f5.0033975&partnerID=40&md5=fa80160a24cfd2fb80ce21f24926ade6
Gomes S.A., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India; Peter R.C., Department of Computer Science Engineering, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India; Rao A.S., Department of Computer Science Engineering, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India; Ghosh S., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India; Khan D.M., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India
Performance Evaluation of Refractory Bodies Fabricated from Composite Oxide Powders Beneficiated from Black Al-dross
Aluminum oxide; Black aluminum dross; Industrial waste utilization; Magnesium aluminate; Oxide composites; Refractory
Aluminum Oxide (Corundum, ?-Al2O3) and Magnesium-Aluminum Oxides (Spinel, MgAl2O4) are highly desired refractory materials due to their ability to withstand high-temperature service conditions without corroding and cracking. They are present in composite form in black Aluminum Dross (Al-dross), a hazardous industrial waste. 1 Kg batch of this composite powder was beneficiated from Al-dross to 98+% purity after removing the hazardous Aluminum Nitride (AlN) by aqueous treatment of Al-dross in an environment-friendly manner. The treated slurry was oven dried, ball milled to fine powder, hydraulically pressed, and sintered at 1500 C/6 h into solid cylinders (50 mm diameter 20 mm height). The structural phase analysis of the sintered product (refractory blocks) revealed a highly crystalline XRD pattern with peaks pertaining to only ?-Al2O3 and MgAl2O4. The blocks with Rockwell Hardness values of 4850 HRC, were subjected to thermal shock cycling by following the guidelines of IS 1528 (heat quench between 1000 C and air at ambient) which successfully withstood > 100 shock cycles without failure. SEM was employed to study the fracture surface in an as-sintered state and after thermal shock cycling, to reveal a fine-grained microstructure with clear grain boundaries in the as-sintered state to a glassy matrix with fine cracks at the end of the thermal shock cycle test. The potential for utilization of Al-dross for refractory applications was thus established. 2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.01.271 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147585957&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2023.01.271&partnerID=40&md5=26835da80cac5ebc0350ac46da289f11
Gomes S.A., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560074, India; Ramaswamy P., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560074, India
Plasma sprayed magnesium aluminate and alumina composite coatings from waste aluminum dross
Alumina; Aluminum dross; Industrial waste utilization; Magnesium aluminate; Oxide beneficiation; Thermally insulating coatings
The absence of structured waste management practices for tons of black aluminum dross (Al-dross) when land-filled affects the ecosystem we live in. Researchers and technologists are now working towards three goals (a) minimization of Al-dross production (b) reducing its toxic effects on the environment and (c) treating the Al-dross to beneficiate useful materials from it in an environmentally friendly manner and to generate useful industrial products. The third aspect has been addressed in this study. Al-dross is an aluminum industry generated waste that mainly contains Al metal (oxidized during processing), Aluminum Nitride (AlN), ?-aluminum oxide (?-Al2O3) and magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4). The oxides are highly suitable for refractory and thermally insulating material applications, but AlN is detrimental for two reasons - (a) thermal conductivity higher than the oxides and (b) carcinogenic gas evolution during processing. Hence AlN must be removed from Al-dross for further processing into refractories. In this work, AlN with minor quantities of halides were removed from Al-dross to extract the major useful refractory oxide constituents in an environmentally friendly manner. The process methodology involved sieving Al-dross to < 600 m particles, aqueous media treatment to remove the nitrides in the form of NH3 gas, oven drying and calcination at 10001150 C for 2 h (in an electrical muffle furnace in ambient air atmosphere) to obtain a mixture of the composite oxide powder of ? 99.0% purity. The calcined compound was mixed with suitable organic binders and sieved to obtain plasma sprayable powder and plasma spray-coated onto bond coated (commercial NiCrAlY) steel substrates. XRD and SEM with EDS facility were used to characterize the powders and coatings. A polished metallographic cross-section was prepared to study the microstructure and interface characteristics. The findings are presented. 2022
Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol-66, pp. 2568-2574.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.108 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134837710&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2022.07.108&partnerID=40&md5=71c22185a65a5b7dcb887d517d882679
Sprouting in Seeds Aided by Nitrogen Sourced from Ammonia Fumes Leached from Aluminum Dross
Alkaline soil; Aluminum dross; Ammonia; Fertile soil; Leaching; Seed sprouting
Nitrogen and water are nutrients essential for the sprouting of seeds and healthy growth of plants. The seeds derive nitrogen from ammonia (NH3), found in ammonium hydroxide commonly added as manure to the soil. In a materials synthesis process, NH3 gas was released when Aluminum-dross (Al-dross), a hazardous industrial foundry waste was beneficiated to extract useful materials (metallic Al, oxides of Al and Mg, etc.) from the waste. Chemical tests, SEM with EDS and XRD were used to characterize sieved black Al-dross (starting raw material) before and after the beneficiation process. Al-dross also contained significant quantities of aluminum nitride (AlN). When treated with an aqueous media (plain or carbonated water), the AlN reacted to release NH3 gas fumes. This work explored the potential of using this gas to act as a source of nitrogen to accelerate the sprouting of seeds and plant germination. Vegetable and fruit seeds were sown in the soil that was directly infused with the NH3 released from Al-dross for two hours, followed by several (8 to 12) hours of self-diffusion time for homogeneous distribution of the gas in the soil. Five pairs of soils (untreated regular and NH3 fumes treated soils) were prepared under similar conditions. 5 different vegetable and fruit seedlings were planted in these pairs of soils. The germination patterns and growth of the sprouts with time were observed. The seeds that preferred an alkaline environment for germination (e.g., ridge gourd and watermelon seeds) sprouted early and in good health in the NH3 treated soil. Seeds preferring acidic soils did not germinate well in NH3 fume-infused soils. The experiments confirmed the viability of the novel concept, where the waste ammonia fumes released from Al-dross could be favorably generated and used in a controlled manner to promote sprouting of certain agricultural seedlings. 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.01.289 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148425479&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2023.01.289&partnerID=40&md5=1726aedbfd9310c435d0a97b77bc7cbf
Gomes S.A., Department of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560074, India; Reghu V.R., Department of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560074, India; Ramaswamy P., Department of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560074, India
DREAMS Digital Pedagogical Models for Inclusive Education: A Report From the Virtual Reality Learning Environment (VRLE)
Digital pedagogy is the current need of the hour and it is the social responsibility of facilitators in adopting a growth mindset of innovation. Learners at present are diversified with varied psychosocial concerns in the virtual field. Hence, to integrate a culture of autonomy and inclusivity within the learner's framework digital pedagogical models need to be constructed. This article reports the innovation and application of 21 virtual resources created for DREAMS (Thomas, 2014) program from May 2021-June 2023 using digital software's like CANVA and Adobe, graphic interchange formats (GIPHY App), and memes (Meme Generator App). The virtual reality learning environment (VRLE) was created through zoom platform where these resources were applied as a pedagogical tool throughout the virtual intervention for a period of 6 months. Through this article, contemporary virtual models are explored for personal development of teenagers. There is also a need to work with digital pedagogical models for promotion of inclusive education and positive youth development. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.
The Role of Smart Education in a Complex World;pp.213-246
https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-7912-8.ch010 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105026166629?origin=resultslist
Gomes R.F., Christ University, India; Thomas L., Christ University, India
Hybrid Deep Learning Based GRU Model for Classifying the Lung Cancer from CT Scan Images
computerized tomography; convolutional network; gated recurrent unit; karhunenloeve; lung cancer detection; otsu thresholding
Lung cancer is a potentially fatal condition, posing significant challenges for early detection and treatment within the healthcare domain. Despite extensive efforts, the etiology and cure of cancer remain elusive. However, early detection offers hope for effective treatment. This study explores the application of image processing techniques, including noise reduction, feature extraction, and identification of cancerous regions within the lung, augmented by patient medical history data. Leveraging machine learning and image processing, this research presents a methodology for precise lung cancer categorization and prognosis. While computed tomography (CT) scans are a cornerstone of medical imaging, diagnosing cancer solely through CT scans remains challenging even for seasoned medical professionals. The emergence of computer-assisted diagnostics has revolutionized cancer detection and diagnosis. This study utilizes lung images from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC-IDRI) and evaluates various image preprocessing filters such as median, Gaussian, Wiener, Otsu, and rough body area filters. Subsequently, feature extraction employs the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) methodology, followed by lung tumor classification using a hybrid model comprising a One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) and a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a sensitivity of 99.14%, specificity of 90.00%, F -measure of 95.24%, and accuracy of 95%. 2024 IEEE.
Gondkar R.R.; Gondkar S.R.; Kavitha S.; Siva Balan R.V.
3rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics, ICDCECE 2024
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Gondkar R.R., Christ (Deemed-to-be-University), Department Of Computer Science, Bangalore, India; Gondkar S.R., Bms Institute Of Technology And Management, Department Of Electronic And Communication Engineering, Bangalore, India; Kavitha S., Nitte Meenakshi Institute Of Technology, Department Of Mca, Bangalore, India; Siva Balan R.V., Christ (Deemed-to-be-University), Department Of Computer Science, Bangalore, India
Sliced Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit with Sparrow Search Optimizer for Detecting the Attacks in IoT Environment
bidirectional gated recurrent unit; internet of things; multi-head self-attention mechanism; network intrusion detection systems; network traffic; sparrow search optimization algorithm
In an era characterized by pervasive interconnectivity facilitated by the widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across diverse domains, novel cybersecurity challenges have emerged, underscoring the imperative for robust intrusion detection systems. Conventional security frameworks, constrained by their closed-system architecture, struggle to adapt to the dynamic threat landscape marked by the continual emergence of unprecedented attacks. This paper presents a methodology aimed at mitigating the open set recognition (OSR) challenge within IoT-specific Network Intrusion Detection Schemes (NIDS). Leveraging image-based representations of data, our approach focuses on extracting geographical traffic patterns. We observe that the Recurrent Neural Network exhibits suboptimal classification accuracy and lacks parallelizability for attack analysis tasks. Our investigation concludes that the Sparrow Search Optimization Algorithm (SSOA) serves as a foundation for constructing an effective assault classification model. This research contributes significantly to the field of network security by emphasizing the importance and ramifications of meticulous hyperparameter tuning. It represents a critical stride toward developing IDSs capable of effectively navigating the evolving cyber threat landscape. In the experimental analysis of proposed model reached the accuracy and 0.963% respectively. 2024 IEEE.
Gondkar S.R.; Siva Balan R.V.; Kavitha S.; Gondkar R.R.
Gondkar S.R., Bms Institute Of Technology And Management, Department Of Electronic And Communication Engineering, Bangalore, India; Siva Balan R.V., Christ (Deemed-to-be-University), Department Of Computer Science, Bangalore, India; Kavitha S., Nitte Meenakshi Institute Of Technology, Department Of Mca, Bangalore, India; Gondkar R.R., Christ (Deemed-to-be-University), Department Of Computer Science, Bangalore, India
A Deep Learning-Based BCI System for Emotion Classification Using EEG Signals
Attention-Based Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit; Convolutional Autoencoder; DEAP; Graph Convolutional Network; SEED
Electroencephalography-based Brain-Computer Interfacing (EEG-BCI) technologies allow for effortless interaction between external hardware and the human brain through monitoring its electric signals. These systems rely on EEG recordings, which provide non-invasive and real-time neural information through electrodes placed on the scalp. To advance emotion-recognizing efficiency and accuracy, this study proposes a deep learning-based method that can extract valuable temporal and spatial information from EEG signals. The proposed model includes the use of a Graph Convolution Network (GCN) for learning spatial relationships between different EEG channels to model the data in graph form and gain features through that modelling. A Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE) is then used to compress data to low dimensions and to reconstruct it so that major features are not ignored. Furthermore, the model uses an Attention-based Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (ABiGRU) for temporal classification, which can emphasize the most important time steps in both backwards and forward directions. Two standard datasets are employed to test the developed approach. The DEAP dataset is used for emotion recognition with a binary response, and SEED is used with multi-class classification. The model attains great results of 98.12% accuracy on DEAP and 97.58% on SEED datasets. The very high performances show the efficacy of the model for decoding emotional states from EEG signals and very strong potential for real-time emotion recognition in affective computing and BCI. 2026 Seventh Sense Research Group.
Gondkar, Raju Ramakrishna; Gondkar, Surekha R.; Sivasakthivel, Ramkumar; Gobinath, R.; Rajagopal, Manikandan
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology;Volume;74;Issue;1;pp.65-84
https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I1P105 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105028968323?origin=resultslist
Gondkar R.R., Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Gondkar S.R., Department of Electronics and Communication, BMS Information Technology and Management, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sivasakthivel R., Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Gobinath R., Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Rajagopal M., Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Regression Test List Sharding in a Distributed Test Environment
Distributed Test Environment; Embedded system; Real Time Operating System; Regression Test; Test-list Sharding
One of the major issues during the regression test of the new version of Real Time Operating System (RTOS) is the time involved in test case execution. The main reason being a single embedded system device under test (DUT) is used to execute the test list containing several test cases. This traditional method of regression test also leads to wasted productivity of the other devices at hand that could be otherwise used during this regression test. Hence, in this paper, we propose a technique that aims at reducing the overall regression test cycle time of a newer version of a Real Time Operating System (RTOS) by employing a method known as "test-list sharding"in a distributed test environment. In the proposed work, multiple DUTs are connected to the test server via a communication network. The test server executes the test list containing several test cases and performs the test-list sharding, that is, distributing test cases to different DUTs and executing them in parallel. After the test is executed on the DUT, the test results are sent back to the test server which will summarize all the results. In the proposed work, the sharding is done by distributing the test cases without overloading or under loading any of the DUTs. Test list is sharded in such a way that the same tests are not sent to multiple DUTs. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the test sharding can be easily scalable to accommodate any number of devices that can be connected to the test server. Also, the test list sharding is done in a dynamic way so that the tests are distributed to an idle DUT that has completed a test execution and ready for another test to execute. The comparison study of executing a sample test list sequentially on a single DUT and distributed test system with multiple DUTs is performed. Results obtained showed the performance gain in terms of test cycle time reduction, scalability, equal load distribution and effective resource utilization. 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339904028 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85169566128&doi=10.1051%2fe3sconf%2f202339904028&partnerID=40&md5=ae5b51a33538eea179aaba1817679d4e
Gonsalves M., Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India; Mandala J., Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India
FISCAL PERFORMANCE OF PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS (PRIs): AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH IN PRE AND POST-BIFURCATION PERIOD
Andhra Pradesh; Financial Autonomy; Panchayati Raj Institutions
The effectiveness of democratic decentralisation depends on the financial strength and independence of the local bodies. Financial autonomy is vital to reap the full potential benefits of decentralisation as the transfer of funds, functions, and functionaries will enable local bodies to be institutes of self-governance and not just delivery mechanisms. In the context of persistent fiscal distress across the local bodies, an attempt is made to empirically examine the fiscal performance of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Andhra Pradesh during 2010-11 to 2017-18, i.e. pre- and post-bifurcation periods of the State. The fiscal autonomy and the revenue dependency of PRIs across all three tiers in the State during the same period was also analysed. The study finds that the fiscal autonomy of top tiers, i.e. Mandal Praja Parishads (MPPs) and Zilla Praja Parishads (ZPPs) is negligible in both periods, while Gram Panchayats showed relatively better fiscal autonomy in both periods. 2022 National Institute of Rural Development. All rights reserved.
Gontupulugu J.; Padakandla S.R.; Makeni C.
Journal of Rural Development, Vol-41, No. 3, pp. 357-372.
Gontupulugu J., Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Padakandla S.R., Institute of Management Technology, Hyderabad, India; Makeni C., Nagaland University, Lumami, India
INTEGRATING CLIMATE CHANGE, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ELECTRONIC FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Climate change; corporate social responsibility; digital technologies; electronic financial inclusion; financial access; social responsibility; sustainable development
Purpose: This study explores the intersection of climate change social responsibility and electronic financial inclusion (EFI) as critical components of sustainable development. The research aims to identify the synergies between these domains and their potential to drive inclusive growth and resilience. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study integrates literature review and case studies to analyse the role of EFI in enhancing access to financial services, particularly for marginalised communities. It also examines corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives aimed at mitigating climate change and promoting environmental sustainability. The research study highlights successful integration models and best practices that demonstrate the impact of multistakeholder collaboration. Findings: The findings reveal that EFI significantly contributes to poverty reduction and economic empowerment by expanding financial access in underserved regions. Moreover, corporate initiatives in climate change mitigation, when aligned with social responsibility, enhance business resilience and foster sustainable practices. The study emphasises the importance of supportive policy frameworks and technological innovations in scaling these efforts. Research Limitations/Implications: The studys focus on case studies may limit the generalisability of the findings. Future research could explore broader geographic regions and diverse economic contexts. Originality/Value: This paper contributes to the understanding of how integrating climate action, social responsibility and EFI can create resilient, equitable and sustainable systems. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, businesses and practitioners aiming to advance sustainable development through innovative and inclusive strategies. 2025 Ernesto D. R. S. Gonzalez, Rajeev Sijariya, Amit Kumar Singh and Vikas Garg Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.
Gonzalez, Ernesto D. R. S.; Sijariya, Rajeev; Singh, Amit Kumar; Garg, Vikas
Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility;Volume;25;pp.147-164
https://doi.org/10.1108/S2043-052320250000025008 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105004587376?origin=resultslist
Gonzalez E.D.R.S., University of Talca and Paulista University, Brazil; Sijariya R., Atal Bihari Vajpayee School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India; Singh A.K., Department of Commerce, University of Delhi, India; Garg V., Christ University, Bengaluru, India
Customer Behavior Analysis Using Unsupervised Clustering and Profiling: A Machine Learning Approach
Affiliation rule mining model; Agglomerative Clustering; Customer Behavior Prediction Model Analysis; Customer Segmentation; Hierarchical Clustering
Now-a-days, client conduct models are reliably established on information mining of client information, and each model is supposed to answer one solicitation at one point on schedule. Anticipating client conduct is a problematic and irksome task. Thus, making client conduct models requires the right strategy and approach. Right when an estimate model has been fabricated, it is challenging to restrict it for the motivations driving the advertiser, to pick the very thing displaying moves to make for every client or for the party of clients. Notwithstanding the multifaceted nature of this arrangement, most client models are completely fundamental. As the need might arise, most client conduct investigation models ignore such endless proper factors that the gauges they make are overall not altogether strong. This paper plans to encourage a connection rule mining model to expect client conduct using a typical electronic retail store for data combination and concentrate critical examples from the client conduct data. In this undertaking, a solo grouping of information on the customer's records from a regular food item company's data set will be played out. Customer segmentation is the act of clustering customers into bunches that reflect likenesses among customers in each group. Customers are separated into sections to advance the meaning of every customer to the business. To change items as indicated by unmistakable requirements and practices of the customers. It additionally assists the business with obliging the worries of various kinds of customers. Customers were clustered using a technique known as agglomerative clustering, which is a type of hierarchical clustering. Agglomerative clustering is a method for clustering data in a hierarchical order. It entails merging cases until you reach the appropriate number of clusters. The number of clusters to be produced is determined using the Elbow Method. 2022 IEEE.
2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering, ICACITE 2022, pp. 2075-2078.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACITE53722.2022.9823646 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135447402&doi=10.1109%2fICACITE53722.2022.9823646&partnerID=40&md5=1bfb6e2376bac2a811baa70682750e0a
Gopal A.C., Christ University, Department of Data Science, India; Jacob L., Christ University, Department of Data Science, India
Carbon Dot-Based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Systems for Biomedical, Sensing, and Imaging Applications
bio-imaging; carbon dots; environmental sensing; FRET; membrane dynamics; metal sensing
Carbon dots (CDs) emerge as a potential group of photo-luminescent nano-materials due to their excellent optical, electrical, and chemical properties, as well as their competence in a wide range of environmental applications. CDs have unique and appealing properties such as excellent stability, low toxicity, water solubility, and derivability. When coupled with CDs, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) results in the development of highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescence sensor probes with potential applications in bio-imaging, metal sensing, membrane dynamics, and environmental sensing. In this review, the progress and recent developments in CDs based FRET systems utilized for various environmental applications are conferred. An in-depth description is provided regarding the numerous donor/acceptor systems which when integrated with CDs generate efficient FRET systems. The review enables researchers to identify and develop specific systems which can be utilized to generate a FRET pair with potential physicochemical properties that aid the development of the same for various applications. 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Gopal A.R.; Joy F.; Dutta V.; Devasia J.; Dateer R.; Nizam A.
Particle and Particle Systems Characterization, Vol-41, No. 1
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202300072 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174722877&doi=10.1002%2fppsc.202300072&partnerID=40&md5=7e4c80f22b3280cff9fa799f606d7a84
Gopal A.R., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Joy F., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Dutta V., Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, Mohali, 140413, India; Devasia J., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Dateer R., Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed to be University), Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Karnataka, Ramanagara, Kanakapura, 562112, India; Nizam A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India