Radio pulsar sub-populations (II): The mysterious RRATs
Several conjectures have been put forward to explain rotating radio transients (RRATs), the newest subclass of neutron stars, and their connections to other radio pulsars. This work discusses these conjectures in the context of the characteristic properties of the RRAT population. Contrary to expectations, it is seen that: (a) the RRAT population is statistically un-correlated with the nulling pulsars and (b) the RRAT phenomenon is unlikely to be related to old age or death-line proximity. It is perhaps more likely that the special emission property of RRATs is a signature of them being later evolutionary phases of other types of neutron stars which may have resulted in restructuring their magnetic fields. 2022, Indian Academy of Sciences.
ABHISHEK; Malusare N.; Tanushree N.; Hegde G.; Konar S.
Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, Vol-43, No. 2
ABHISHEK, School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India; Malusare N., Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India; Tanushree N., Department of Physics & Electronics, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560074, India; Hegde G., Department of Physics & Electronics, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560074, India; Konar S., NCRA-TIFR, Pune, 411007, India
Structural and functional characterization of a hypothetical protein in the RD7 region in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis an in silico approach to candidate vaccines
Flavodoxin-like fold; Immunogenic; M. canetti; Membrane protein; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PSPIRED; Ramachandran plot; RD7; Robetta; Vaccine
Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been ravaging humans by inflicting respiratory tuberculosis since centuries. Bacillus Calmette Guerine (BCG) is the only vaccine available for tuberculosis, and it is known to be poorly effective against adult tuberculosis. Proteins belonging to the ESAT-6 family and PE/PPE family show immune responses and are included in different vaccine trials. Herein, we study the functional and structural characterization of a 248 amino acid long putative protein novel hypothetical protein 1 (NHP1) present in the RD7 region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (identified first by subtractive hybridization in the clinical isolate RGTB123) using bioinformatics tools. Results: Physicochemical properties were studied using Expasy ProtParam and SMS software. We predicted different B-cell and T-cell epitopes by using the immune epitope database (IEDB) and also tested antigenicity, immunogenicity, and allergenicity. Secondary structure of the protein predicted 30% alpha helices, 20% beta strands, and 48% random coils. Tertiary structure of the protein was predicted using the Robetta server using the Mycobacterium smegmatis protein as the putative protein with homology. Structural evaluations were done with Ramachandran plot analysis, ProSA-web, and VERIFY3D, and with GalaxyWEB server, a more stable structure was validated with good stereo chemical properties. Conclusion: The present study of a subtracted genomic locus using various bioinformatics tools indicated good immunological properties of the putative mycobacterial protein, NHP1. Evidence obtained from the analyses of NHP1 using structure prediction tools strongly point to the fact that NHP1 is an ancient protein having flavodoxin folding structure with ATP binding sites. Positive scores were obtained for antigenicity, immunogenicity, and virulence too, implying the possibility of NHP1 to be a potential vaccine candidate. Such computational studies might give clues for developing newer vaccines for tuberculosis, which is the need of the hour. 2022, The Author(s).
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Vol-20, No. 1
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
Kootery K.P., Department of Lifesciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sarojini S., Department of Lifesciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Long-term Optical and ?-Ray Variability of the Blazar PKS 1222+216
The ?-ray emission from flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) is thought to be dominated by the inverse Compton scattering of the external sources of photon fields, e.g., accretion disk, broad-line region (BLR), and torus. FSRQs show strong optical emission lines and hence can be a useful probe of the variability in BLR output, which is the reprocessed disk emission. We study the connection between the optical continuum, H? line, and ?-ray emissions from the FSRQ PKS 1222+216, using long-term (?2011-2018) optical spectroscopic data from Steward Observatory and ?-ray observations from Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). We measured the continuum (F C,opt) and H? (F H? ) fluxes by performing a systematic analysis of the 6029-6452 optical spectra. We observed stronger variability in F C,opt than F H? , an inverse correlation between the H? equivalent width and F C,opt, and a redder-when-brighter trend. Using discrete cross-correlation analysis, we found a positive correlation (DCF ? 0.5) between the F ??ray>100 MeV and F C,opt (6024-6092 light curves with a time lag consistent with zero at the 2? level. We found no correlation between the F ??ray>100 MeV and F H? light curves, probably dismissing the disk contribution to the optical and ?-ray variability. The observed strong variability in the Fermi-LAT flux and F ??ray>100 MeV ? F C,opt correlation could be due to the changes in the particle acceleration at various epochs. We derived the optical-to-?-ray spectral energy distributions during the ?-ray flaring and quiescent epochs that show a dominant disk component with no variability. Our study suggests that the ?-ray emission zone is likely located at the edge of the BLR or in the radiation field of the torus. 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Ezhikode S.H.; Shukla A.; Dewangan G.C.; Pawar P.K.; Agarwal S.; Mathew B.; Akhil Krishna R.
Ezhikode S.H., Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India, Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Shukla A., Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India; Dewangan G.C., Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India; Pawar P.K., Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India; Agarwal S., Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India; Mathew B., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Akhil Krishna R., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
A note on ?(k)-colouring of the Cartesian product of some graphs
bad edge; Improper colouring; near proper colouring; ?(k)-colouring
The chromatic number, x(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of colours used in a proper colouring of G. In an improper colouring, an edge uv is bad if the colours assigned to the end vertices of the edge is the same. Now, if the available colours are less than that of the chromatic number of graph G, then colouring the graph with the available colours lead to bad edges in G. The number of bad edges resulting from a ? (k)-colouring of G is denoted by bk(G). In this paper, we use the concept of (k)-colouring and determine the number of bad edges in Cartesian product of some graphs. 2022 by the authors.
Communications in Combinatorics and Optimization, Vol-7, No. 1, pp. 113-120.
Ellumkalayil M.T., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Naduvath S., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India
Laccase mediated electrosynthesis of heliotropin on mango-kernel derived carbon nanosphere composite: A sustainable approach
Carbon nanospheres; Electrochemical oxidation; Heliotropin or piperonal; Laccase; Mango-seed kernel; TEMPO
Facile fabrication of enzyme immobilized carbon nanospheres (CNS) based catalysts with high electrical conductivity and catalytic efficiency are of decisive importance for their electrocatalysis. A novel, green and highly efficient synthesis route for the development of an electrode surface with enhanced electrical conductivity and better catalytic activity for the electrochemical synthesis of heliotropin. The obtained biowaste (mango seed kernels) was pyrolyzed and subjected to acid treatment to form functionalized CNS (f-CNS). The functionalized carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrode was employed as a template for laccase immobilization which was further treated with free laccase resulting in the formation of Lac-fCNS/CFP electrode. The developed electrode exhibited excellent electrooxidation of piperonyl alcohol in the presence of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), which served as the mediator. A high yield (78%) of heliotropin was achieved during the electrooxidation at 0.78 V via bulk electrolysis. The obtained product (heliotropin aka piperonal) was confirmed via 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Additionally, computational molecular docking analysis of f-CNS:laccase composite showed strong binding affinity (?6.2 kcal/mol) with TEMPO in comparison with free laccase (?5.1 kcal/mol). The excellent selectivity and efficiency of the developed electrocatalyst aim to surpass all other reported laccase-TEMPO mediated based electrocatalytic oxidation reactions. 2022 Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Benny L.; Cherian A.R.; P K.; Varghese A.; Hegde G.
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, Vol-7, No. 4
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2022.100510 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141867912&doi=10.1016%2fj.jsamd.2022.100510&partnerID=40&md5=a9a4f66b3977922d3ba70c57519d4953
Benny L., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Cherian A.R., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; P K., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Varghese A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Hegde G., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India, Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Analysis and optimization of uplink spectral efficiency in massive multiple-input and multiple-output
5G; Massive; Multiple input and multiple output; Optimization; Spectral efficiency
Fifth Generation (5G) specifications aims for data rate of 1 Gbps in high mobility and 10 Gbps in low mobility conditions, 15-30 bps/Hz of spectral efficiency with less than 1 milli second (ms) latency reduction. Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (Massive MIMO) is one of the promising technologies in 5G standard which offers a high spectral efficiency improvement. This work focus on the uplink scenario spectral efficiency in a Massive MIMO simulation network based on third generation partnership project (3GPP) and long term evolution (LTE) document of 5G. This work analyzes the spectral efficiency metric by simulating the 5G Massive MIMO network. Then, the research identified major constraint parameters; number of user antennas, K, number of base station antennas, M, transmission power, P, channel bandwidth, B, and coherence time, Tau_C and pilot time Tau_P which plays a significant role in varying this metric. The authors focus on improving the spectral efficiency by passing these constraint parameters through different meta-heurestic optimization algorithms, such as, convex optimization solver, White shark optimization (WSO) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results show an overall, 1-10 percent of improvement of the parameter wnen compared with other research articles. The maximum value achieved is 49.84 bps/Hz, which is three times higher as per to the 3GPP and International Telecommunication Unioin (ITU) release document. 2022 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vol-28, No. 2, pp. 830-839.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i2.pp830-839 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139280788&doi=10.11591%2fijeecs.v28.i2.pp830-839&partnerID=40&md5=036c50623bd6172eb6b12ab329abb3e9
Rajanbabu D.T., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, India; Jose I., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, India
Study of X-Ray Intraday Variability of HBL Blazars Based on Observations Obtained with XMM-Newton
We present an extensive study on the X-ray intraday variability of 10 teraelectronvolt-emitting high synchrotron peaked blazars (HBLs): 1ES 0229+200, 1ES 0414+009, PKS 0548-322, 1ES 1101-232, 1H 1219+301, H 1426+428, Mrk 501, 1ES 1959+650, PKS 2005-489, and 1ES 2344+514 made with 25 XMM-Newton pointed observations during its operational period. Intraday variability has been estimated in three energy bands: soft (0.3-2 keV), hard (2-10 keV), and total (0.3-10 keV). Although seven out of 10 teraelectronvolt HBLs exhibited some intraday variability at 3? levels, no major variations exceeding 6% were detected. We explored the spectral properties of the sample by extracting the hardness ratio from the soft and hard bands; no significant variations in the hardness ratio were observed in any source. We performed power spectral density analyses on the variable light curves by fitting power laws, yielding slopes lying in the range of 1.11-2.93 for different HBLs. We briefly discuss possible emission mechanisms and carry out rough estimates for magnetic fields, electron Lorentz factors, and emission region sizes for seven of these HBLs. 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Devanand P.U.; Gupta A.C.; Jithesh V.; Wiita P.J.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9064 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142100941&doi=10.3847%2f1538-4357%2fac9064&partnerID=40&md5=4d9cf074893b52eb4dee940cd53ea99b
Devanand P.U., Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital, 263001, India; Gupta A.C., Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital, 263001, India; Jithesh V., Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital, 263001, India, Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Main Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Wiita P.J., Department of Physics, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, 08628-0718, NJ, United States
Color image segmentation based on improved sine cosine optimization algorithm
Color image segmentation; Enhanced sine cosine algorithm; Metaheuristics algorithm; Particle swarm optimization; PSNR
Segmentation refers to the process of dividing an image into multiple regions based on some criteria such as intensity and color. In recent years, color image segmentation has received considerable attention from the researchers. However, it is still a highly complicated task due to the presence of more attributes or components as compared to monochrome images. Numerous meta-heuristics algorithms are developed to determine the optimal threshold value for segmenting color images efficiently. This paper presents an enhanced sine cosine algorithm (ESCA) to seek threshold for segmenting color images. Sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is a population-based optimization algorithm which has the ability of preventing local minima problem. First an input image is transformed to CIE L*a*b* color reduced space. ESCA is applied to determine the optimal threshold values for segmentation. The performance of the proposed method is tested on color images from Berkeley database, and segmentation results are compared with two metaheuristic algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) and standard SCA. Experimental results are validated by measuring peak signalnoise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index and computation time for all the images investigated. Results revealed that the proposed method outperforms the other methods like PSO and SCA by achieving PSNR of 23dB and SSIM of 0.93 and also require less time for finding optimal threshold values than PSO and SCA. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Mookiah S.; Parasuraman K.; Kumar Chandar S.
Mookiah S., Department of Computer Science, JP College of Arts and Science, Tenkasi, India; Parasuraman K., Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, 627012, India; Kumar Chandar S., School of Business and Management CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India
Impulse noise recuperation from grayscale and medical images using supervised curve fitting linear regression and mean filter
Image restoration; Interpolation; Machine learning; Noise removal; Rectilinear regression; Salt and pepper noise
Acquisition of images from electronic devices or Transmission of the image through any medium will cause an additional commotion. This study aims to investigate a framework for eliminating impulse noise from grayscale and medical images by utilizing linear regression and a mean filter. Linear regression is a supervised machine learning algorithm that computes the value of a dependent variable based on an independent variable. The value of the recuperating pixel is measured using a curve-fitting, direction-based linear regression approach or applying a mean filter to the noise-free pixels. The efficiency of the proposed technique experiments with benchmark test images and the images of the USC-SIPI and TESTIMAGES data sets. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index metrics (SSIM) are determined to prove the performance of the proposed method. The results, when compared with the seven recent state-of-the-art techniques, show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of visual quality and accuracy. The proposed model achieves an average PSNR value of 65.21dB and an SSIM value of 0.999 for the reconstruction of medical images, proving its accuracy and efficiency. The impulse noise restoration process helps the radiologist get a clear visual clarity of the medical image for diagnosis purposes. 2022 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vol-28, No. 2, pp. 777-786.
https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i2.pp777-786 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139339543&doi=10.11591%2fijeecs.v28.i2.pp777-786&partnerID=40&md5=73b4b71dddf53274853b2ba9cd4e0bc4
Thomas S., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Christ University, Karnataka, India, Department of Computer Science, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India; Krishna A., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Christ University, Karnataka, India
Thermal analysis of a radiative nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking cylinder with viscous dissipation
Convective condition; Nanofluid; Stretching/Shrinking Cylinder; Thermal radiation; Viscous dissipation
This study explores the impact of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on the stagnation point flow of a copperwater nanofluid across a convective stretching/shrinking cylinder. The copper suspension in the base fluid water enables the fluid to conduct more heat by increasing its thermal conductivity. The mathematical model that governs the flow of Cu-H2O nanofluid is formulated by the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) which are then subjected to transformation by introducing suitable similarity variables so the system is transformed to the Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). These equations have been solved numerically via the bvp4c package in MATLAB. The outcomes have been signified graphically in the form of heat transfer rate, temperature, skin friction and velocity which are dependent on the concerning flow parameters. For each of these result, dual solutions have been produced which are conditional on the shrinking of cylinder. These results declare that the skin friction increases for the shrinking cylinder and decreases for the stretching cylinder whereas an opposite trend is seen for the rate of heat transfer. Similarly, heat transfer is found to be decreasing for the increase in both Biot and Eckert number. Meanwhile, the existence of greater values of curvature parameter causes to enhance both first and second solution of velocity as well as the temperature is augmenting with the increase in Eckert number and volume fraction of nano particles. 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Alqahtani A.M.; Riaz Khan M.; Akkurt N.; Puneeth V.; Alhowaity A.; Hamam H.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140133 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140485626&doi=10.1016%2fj.cplett.2022.140133&partnerID=40&md5=5eac979d0b7aabb24e4f41ebcb3954f9
Alqahtani A.M., Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Riaz Khan M., Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; Akkurt N., Munzur University, Department of Mechanical Engineering 62000, Tunceli, Turkey; Puneeth V., Department of Computational Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Ghaziabad, 201003, India; Alhowaity A., Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Hamam H., Mathematics Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Correlated variability of the reflection fraction with the X-ray flux and spectral index for Mrk 478
accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert; X-rays: individual: Mrk 478
The X-ray spectrum of Mrk 478 is known to be dominated by a strong soft excess that can be described using relativistic blurred reflection. Using observations from XMM-Newton, AstroSat, and Swift, we show that for the long-term (?years) and intermediate-term (days to months) variability, the reflection fraction is anticorrelated with the flux and spectral index, which implies that the variability is due to the hard X-ray producing corona moving closer to and further from the black hole. Using flux-resolved spectroscopy of the XMM-Newton data, we show that the reflection fraction has the same behaviour with flux and index on short time-scales of hours. The results indicate that both the long- and short-term variability of the source is determined by the same physical mechanism of strong gravitational light bending causing enhanced reflection and low flux as the corona moves closer to the black hole. 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
Barua S.; Jithesh V.; Misra R.; Medhi B.J.; Adegoke O.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol-517, No. 1, pp. 801-807.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2690 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159212665&doi=10.1093%2fmnras%2fstac2690&partnerID=40&md5=696fbcf076d22e4f455a18615f8a580b
Barua S., Department of Physics, Gauhati University, Assam, Jalukbari, Guwahati, 781014, India; Jithesh V., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Hosur Main Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Misra R., Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), PB No. 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India; Medhi B.J., Department of Physics, Gauhati University, Assam, Jalukbari, Guwahati, 781014, India; Adegoke O., Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, CA, United States
Exosome mediated cell signal toward breast cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review
Apoptosis; Breast cancer; Cell cargo; Cell signaling; Exosome; miRNA (micro-RNA) mediation
Breast cancer (BC) is among the most frequent cancer and is, more challenging to treat due to its heterogeneity and metastatic ability. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes are quite significant for diagnosis and prognosis, given their pleiotropy and drug-carrying abilities. Studying their functions, morphology, biogenesis, and involvement in important pathways can help us understand their role in BC proliferation. A detailed review of their roles in different stages of BC as metastatic disease, such as proliferation, intravasation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, extravasation, immune evasion, and metastatic growth, can help us understand how to target therapy as well as diagnosis. In the metastatic process, exosome involvement can also be tied to the seed and soil hypothesis, allowing us to understand the direction of progression. From their isolation to the study of their contents in relevance to BC in the process of detection, we have therapeutic applications and can make a significant contribution to the field of oncology. Hence, the present review focuses on this exosome-mediated cell signaling molecule and its importance in BC progression and development. 2022 Anushka and Pappuswamy, et al.
Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Vol-10, No. 6, pp. 12-21.
https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2022.100602 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138506887&doi=10.7324%2fJABB.2022.100602&partnerID=40&md5=fa1912c90cba431ffeafbfe3a8ed4c61
Pappuswamy M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Shitut A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Relationship between financial inclusion and financial development in India: Is there any link?
financial development; financial inclusion; India; principal component analysis
A dynamic chain of financial activities and services can be served from debtors to creditors in the international economy through an efficient and effective financial sector. The motivation behind this study is to investigate the linkages between financial inclusion and financial development in India during the period (19802017). For this, the study employ principal component analysis (PCA) to construct both financial inclusion index and financial development index which measures financial access and financial depth position respectively. Using a set of determinants related to financial inclusion and financial development, the present study estimates there is a unidirectional relationship between financial inclusion and financial development in India. So, it reveals that financial inclusion is an essential element for financial sector development especially in a developing country like India. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Journal of Public Affairs, Vol-22, No. S1
https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2722 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111797443&doi=10.1002%2fpa.2722&partnerID=40&md5=1fdea2a30f2922dc560fd8c2d017cc07
Lenka S.K., Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), BGR Campus, Bannerghatta Main Road, Hulimavu, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560076, India
Securing grayscale image using improved Arnold transform and ElGamal encryption
cryptography; data security; decoding; diffusion; encoding
The security of sensitive data is critical, and it opens up a wide area of research to find efficient and effective methods to prevent unauthorized access. Our study provides a secure framework for sending visual information over an untrusted channel, such as a social networking site. The proposed framework is a combination of scrambling and encryption techniques. Initially, a hybrid block-wise and pixel-wise scrambling approach is administered to the grayscale image, followed by the Arnold transform, which causes all pixel points to move within the image. Finally, to improve the efficiency of the diffusion process, the asymmetric encryption ElGamal algorithm has been mastered. Peak-signal-To-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index metric (SSIM), number of pixels change rate (NPCR), and unified average changing intensity (UACI) are the metrics utilized to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. The efficiency of the suggested scheme validates the low-Average PSNR value of <9 dB and the SSIM average value of <0.01 for the encrypted images. The NPCR and UACI values achieved in our study are above the threshold values of 99.6% and 33.33%, respectively, exhibiting the strength of the proposed framework. 2022 SPIE and IS&T.
Journal of Electronic Imaging, Vol-31, No. 6
Thomas S., Christ University, School of Engineering and Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Krishna A., Christ University, School of Engineering and Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Department of Computer Science, Cochin, Kerala, India
Structural Relationship between Cognitive Image, Destination Personality and Tourists Motivation
Cognitive Image; Destination; Destination Branding; Personality Traits; Tourists Motivation
This research work was an extract from a major research on understanding personality and image of destination. This portion of research intended to identify a theoretical model consisting of cognitive destination image, destination personality traits and tourists motivation in destination branding context and to validate it hypothetically. This research was carried out in Coimbatore District an emerging destination in Tamil Nadu, India between 2018 and 2019. Flourishing erratic tourism industrys scenarios and the need for academic research blended as the motive for this for this model-based study. Evidence was found in the literature that tourists belief about the destination, touristsmotivation and perceived destination personality traits were found interrelated. Thus, the theoretical model was found. For validating the proposed model, a questionnaire confirmed through pilot study containing the required study variables was circulated to the tourists who visited the destination for tourism purposes. With the sample size as 448 after screening and eliminating the illegible responses, three stage process of analysis that include Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling had been performed. The conceptual model was validated and found that there existed the interrelationship between touristsperceived cognitive image, perceived personality traits of the destination and tourists motivation to tour. Marketers of destinations were suggested to use the model for formulating branding and marketing activities. The scope for further research was pointed out on expanding the research model with other destination perspectives considering the outcome as base. Copyright IJHTS.
Shankar S.R.; Koshy E.R.; Jose J.; Sakshi S.
International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, Vol-15, No. 2, pp. 13-25.
Shankar S.R., Digital Learning, Indian Institute of Management, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Koshy E.R., Department of Professional Studies, Christ University, Karnataka, India; Jose J., Department of Professional Studies, Christ University, Karnataka, India; Sakshi S., VIT Business School, VIT University, Vellore Campus, Tamil Nadu, India
Hook-up culture among young Indian adults in Indian metropolitan cities
Culture; Hook up; Media; Sexual activity; Sexual behaviour; Sexual frequency
This study aimed to explore the existence of hook-up behaviour among emerging adults in the Indian metropolitan cities of Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. The study used a survey design. The sexual behaviour subsection of the Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of the various types of hook-up behaviour. The results indicated that the participants frequency of hook-up behaviour was 55.13%. Overall hook-up behaviour was higher for males, whereas females reported the highest incidence of hook-up behaviour for kissing. Hook-up behaviour was highest for emerging adults living independently in apartments, followed by those living in paying guests/hostels and living with family. The findings provide evidence for a hook-up culture in Indian metropolitan cities. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Kohli B.; Malu B.; Janarthanan J.; Nanda A.; Ann A.; Kothari A.
Sexuality and Culture, Vol-26, No. 6, pp. 2107-2121.
Kohli B., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Malu B., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India, O P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India; Janarthanan J., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Nanda A., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Ann A., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Kothari A., CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
Using Behavioural Economics to Analyse and Enhance Contraception Usage Decisions
behavioural economics; contraceptive information; Contraceptive use; financial well-being; reproductive health; spousal influence
Existent literature helped narrow down variables influencing modern contraceptive adoption (usage), a behaviour carrying enormous positive externality. Using finite population sample size formula and probability proportional to size method of sample selection, primary data was collected from participants using inclusion and exclusion criterions. Binary logistic regression model was used to predict probability of occurrence of dependent variable usage of modern method of contraception being treated at a dichotomous outcome level. Predictor variables after confirming association by cross tabulation were introduced stepwise to build model subject to elimination of those variables adding insignificantly to the overall predictability of the model. Variables such as gender, education level, spousal influence, extended family influence, financial well-being and contraceptive information were found to significantly predict the probability of occurrence of the dependent variable. Except for financial well-being with three sub-categories, other independent variables were treated at dichotomous level. Income level was found to be an important predictor although found statistically insignificant. Non-contributory factors such as age, occupation and years of marriage were dropped. Post-model construction, borrowing nudges from behavioural economics (BE) domain, strategies to nurture the significant context specific influencing variables, were articulated. BE was particularly preferred for its openness to the paradigm of non-rational behavioural choices. 2022 SAGE Publications.
Journal of Health Management, Vol-24, No. 4, pp. 691-704.
Sarkar R., Department of Management and Commerce, PES University, EC Campus, Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; George T.S., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India
An Empirical Evaluation of the Relationship Between Economic Growth, Population and Solid Waste Generation in India
Economic growth; Environmental Kuznets curve; Municipal solid waste generation; Panel regression; Population; Sustainable development
Municipal solid waste (MSW) poses a hazard to the environment, human health and well-being and economic growth, if not managed correctly.It is essential to study the determinants of municipal solid waste generation for efficient waste management planning and achieving sustainable growth.The main objective of this paper is to establish a relationship between economic growth, population and MSW generation.Secondly, it aims to verify whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid in the Indian context with MSW generation as the proxy variable for environmental degradation.Panel regression has been run using statewise data of MSW generation, state net domestic product (SNDP) per capita and population for the years 2000-2019.The results show a significant positive relationship between the selected variables.Least square regression was applied to verify the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in India using nationwide data for MSW generation and GDP per capita for the years mentioned above.The results depicted inverted U-shaped curve with MSW as the dependent variable and GDP per capita as the independent variable and confirmed the validity of the EKC hypothesis. 2022 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol-42, No. 11, pp. 1339-1345.
Ananya S., Department of Economics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India; Rajeshwari U.R., Department of Economics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India; Bhat P., Department of Economics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India
After-sale service experiences and customer satisfaction: An empirical study from the Indian automobile industry
After-sale service experiences; Automobile industry; Customer satisfaction; Service cost
For the growth of any industry, services play an essential role. Customers are more aware of the type of services they receive, and the expectations from the service providers are very high. Twenty-two percent total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country is generated through the automotive industry. Global automotive majors have entered India and have dramatically changed the country's car production scenario. Changes to international technology design and adaptation have helped Indian car manufacturing compete globally, facing worldwide challenges. Considering services' high significance and essential role in the automobile industry, this study examined customer satisfaction with after-sales service experiences in the automobile sectorthis paper analyses customer satisfaction concerning automotive service interactions. The conceptual framework explains the impact on customer satisfaction in various car industries from various experiences, including employee behaviour, service lead time, service quality, service processes, and service costs. The respondents from Bangalore were selected. The data collection sampling approach used was convenience sampling. In a standardized questionnaire, data is collected from 400 respondents. The results demonstrate the substantial influence of service interactions on customer satisfaction. 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Research in Transportation Business and Management, Vol-45
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2022.100873 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135929527&doi=10.1016%2fj.rtbm.2022.100873&partnerID=40&md5=4bce39e9901542e6b562a2f344853ed1
Gupta R., NSB Academy, Christ (Deemed to be University), #BA 1101, Salarpuria Greenage Apartments, Hosur Main Road, Next to Oxford engineering college, Bommanahalli, Bangalore, 560068, India; Raman S., School of Business and Management, Christ (Deemed to be University), Hosur Main Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
Synthesis and characterization of flyash reinforced polymer composites developed by Fused Filament Fabrication
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; Flyash; Mechanical properties; Microstructure studies; Physical properties
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has seen an upsurge in its utilization towards development of tailored made materials of polymer base. The advancement and diversity in fabricating the polymer composite parts by using FFF has seen the embracement of this technology in wider aspects, ranging from automotive, aerospace, construction and has marched towards day to day requirements. This research article focuses on development of polymer composite; by using flyash (FA), an industrial waste produced during coal combustion, as reinforcement in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix, to study the physical and mechanical properties. FA, which is primarily made up of metal oxides, plays an imperative role as reinforcement. Easily and abundantly available, FA is being used in several applications to reduce the landfills utilization and also helps the environment. In this study FA was added as reinforcement in 5 and 10 wt. % respectively to ABS matrix and was developed into filament of 1.75 mm diameter. The developed ABS + FA polymer composite using FFF, were analyzed for physical and mechanical properties as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Microstructure studies were carried out for the developed composite to understand their behavior in enhancing the dimensional accuracy and tensile strength with incremental addition of FA up to 10 wt%. Tensile strength was enhanced by 28.19% and 36.13% for ABS + 5wt. % FA and ABS + 10wt. % FA respectively. Dimensional stability was also enhanced. Similarly, surface roughness analysis was carried out and it was observed to reduce with addition of FA. The surface roughness measurements provided suitable results of decrement by 9.64% and 14.6% for ABS + 5wt. % FA and ABS + 10wt. % FA respectively. Overall, the usage of FA along with FFF, has paved a path in sustainable and green technology in manufacturing. 2022 The Author(s).
Tambrallimath V.; Keshavamurthy R.; Davim P.; Pradeep Kumar G.S.; Pignatta G.; Badari A.; Yunus Khan T.M.; Badruddin I.A.
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Vol-21, pp. 810-826.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.09.059 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144825302&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmrt.2022.09.059&partnerID=40&md5=2fc3d328271d27299ca220ba8f183cb3
Tambrallimath V., Department of Automobile Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India; Keshavamurthy R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India; Davim P., Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Averio, Portugal; Pradeep Kumar G.S., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, India; Pignatta G., School of Built Environment, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Badari A., Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Yunus Khan T.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Badruddin I.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia