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                <text>An Analysis of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD)</text>
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                <text>Lexical ambiguity; Lexical semantics; Semantic annotation; Sense annotation; Word sense disambiguation; Word sense discrimination; WSD</text>
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                <text>Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the method of using computer algorithms to determine the sense of arguments in the background. As a result of its difficult nature, WSD has measured an AI-complete problem, i.e., a problem whose key is as minimum as difficult as those posed by artificial intelligence. This article describes the task and introduces motives to resolve the ambiguity of words discussed throughout the text. This article summarizes supervised, unsupervised, and knowledge-based solutions. Senseval/semeval campaigns are described in relation to the assessment of WSDs, with the aim of an unbiased assessment of schemes working on numerous disambiguation errands. Finally, future directions, requests, open difficulties, and open problems are discoursed.  2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P.; Mathews E.Z.</text>
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                <text>Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol-990 LNEE, pp. 251-259.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 18761100; ISBN: 978-981199089-2</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Department of Data Science, Christ University, Lavasa, Pune, India; Mathews E.Z., Department of Data Science, Christ University, Lavasa, Pune, India</text>
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                <text>A Novel Steganographic Approach for Image Encryption Using Watermarking</text>
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                <text>Steganography is a technique for obfuscating secret information by enclosing it in a regular, non-secret file or communication; the information is subsequently extracted at the intended location. Steganography can be used in addition to encryption to further conceal or safeguard data. Watermarking is one such technique practiced in the area of steganography. Watermarking can be practiced via multiple algorithmic techniques like Discrete Wavelength Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). In this study, a combination of such approaches along with AES encrypted watermarked images has been implemented. Validation of these techniques has been achieved by evaluating the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).  2023 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P.; Singh D.; Vij A.; George J.P.</text>
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                <text>2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2023, pp. 1465-1470.</text>
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                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Christ University, Department of Data Science, Pune, Lavasa, India; Singh D., CIMB AI Labs, Department of Data Science, India; Vij A., Elastic Run, Department of Data Science, India; George J.P., Christ University, Department of Data Science, Pune, Lavasa, India</text>
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                <text>Exploring the Influence of Service Learning on the Socio-Educational Commitment and Self- Efficacy of Graduate Educators in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Domain.</text>
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                <text>community service; educator training; equity; excellence in education; pedagogical self-efficacy; psychosocial advancement; societal accountability; socio-emotional learning; sustainable educational development; sustainable educational institution</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Christ University, Department of Data Science, Lavasa, Pune, India; Sunil A.K., Christ University, Department of Data Science, Lavasa, Pune, India; Thomas L., Christ University, Department of Psychology, Lavasa, Pune, India</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, Pune, India; Deokar R., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; George J., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Eslamian S., Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran</text>
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                <text>Integrating multimodal information has become crucial in the big data era for developing a thorough knowledge of complex systems and enhancing decision-making in a variety of fields. The importance of feature extraction and fusion strategies in multimodal learning is examined in this chapter, with particular attention paid to the difficulties and approaches involved in merging several data modalities, including text, pictures, audio, and sensor data. It talks about how conventional feature extraction approaches have evolved into more sophisticated ones like deep learning models for picture and audio data and neural embeddings for text. The chapter also explores several fusion tactics, such as early, late, and intermediate fusion, and focuses on how they are used in domains including sentiment analysis, autonomous cars, healthcare, and multimodal search engines. The chapter highlights future directions, such as lightweight architectures and privacy-preserving techniques, while also addressing contemporary issues, such as managing missing data, scalability, and privacy concerns. The chapter provides a thorough grasp of how feature extraction and fusion aid in the creation of multimodal systems that are more precise, effective, and interpretable by looking at these factors.  2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Christ University, Department of Data Science, Lavasa, Pune, India; Deokar R., Christ University, Department of Data Science, Lavasa, Pune, India; Ramakrishnan J., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, JAZAN University, Saudi Arabia</text>
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                <text>In the modern world, people have a variety of channels to freely express their opinions, thoughts, knowledge, and feelings on many topics on social media. However, they abuse this freedom by spewing hate speech based on a person's or group's ethnicity, gender, or religion, caste, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and nationality. Hate speech is the most likely form of expression for hostility and superstition on social media. One of the causes of cyberbullying, which can have an effect on social life on both a national and personal level, is an increase in hate speech. Hateful material has the ability to hurt and an individual and promote social unrest. Social media platforms are unable to monitor every topic that is posted by users, so automated detection of hate speech is a crucial tool. Utilizing machine learning models was first popular. But as the dataset size grows, these models are unable to deliver adequate results. While advanced deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and similar architectures have demonstrated greater reliability and effectiveness. Toxic speech is a typical thing which is floating around on social media in this fast-paced world where social media is a significant part of our lives and influences the thoughts of many people, where people have access to distribute whatever sort of information they want. Fighting this is difficult because hate speech recognition is now essential in modern society. In order to extract the necessary features and determine if a section of news contains hate speech or not, this article uses a hybrid CNN+LSTM architecture.  2025 IEEE.</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, Pune, India; George J., Department of Computer Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Indu P.V., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Eslamian S., Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran</text>
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                <text>This chapter explores the incorporation of natural language processing (NLP) with multimodal information sources, including text, speech, and visual information, towards the improvement of practical applications. NLP may very significantly enhance tasks such as sentiment analysis, image captioning, and cross-modal retrieval by combining these modalities. Two examples of deep learning approaches are neural networks and transformers, which are examples of critical approaches for developing robots that analyze and understand complex multimodal inputs. The chapter is full of case examples that illustrate how multimodal NLP can revolutionize many industries, including healthcare data analysis and voice-activated assistant development. These illustrations demonstrate how NLP can enhance user interactions and decision-making processes by offering deeper, more contextual insights. In fact, the chapter also covers issues and ways ahead of multimodal NLPas integrating data, handling faulty or missing data, and how to resolve ethical dilemmas. These ongoing changes will define future artificial intelligence systems with increased adaptability, intuitiveness, and applicability.  2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Maharashtra, Lavasa, India; Indu P.V., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Maharashtra, Lavasa, India; Thomas L., CHRIST University, Maharashtra, Lavasa, India</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Bangalore, India; Mishra S., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Bangalore, India; George J.P., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Bangalore, India; Dash B.B., School of Computer Applications, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India</text>
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                <text>The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare has improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly in medical imaging. However, the opaque nature of deep learning models raises concerns about interpretability in high-stakes applications such as pneumonia diagnosis. This study proposes an Explainable AI (XAI) framework that integrates a Hybrid CNN-ViT architecture with SHAP (SHapley Additive Explanations) for pneumonia detection from chest X-rays. Our approach achieves competitive diagnostic performance (94% accuracy) while enhancing transparency by highlighting clinically relevant features such as lobar consolidations and ground-glass opacities. By grounding explanations in established radiological findings, the framework supports clinical trust and regulatory compliance. This work contributes to bridging the gap between AI performance and medical accountability, positioning explainable deep learning as a trustworthy tool for real-world healthcare deployment.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.</text>
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                <text>A powerful machine learning technique in the multimodal environment allows the transmission learning model to adapt to information from one domain to another, which promotes more effective learning in different types of data, including lessons, images, speeches, speeches, and sensor data. This method increases the model's adaptability, reduces the requirement for large marked datasets, and increases performance across domains. It has been used in several domains where multimodal integration is important, such as healthcare, autonomous systems, and natural language processing. Despite the benefits, transmission learning has disadvantages, including high data costs, data shortages, and domain changes. To meet these challenges, model architecture, adaptation strategy, and improvement in dataset growth techniques are necessary. This study examines basic ideas, procedures, and transfer of transfer to multimodal references, and provides insight. Practical use and new development. We show the developing role to learn transfer in improving artificial intelligence (AI) applications by looking at current studies and case studies. As the area develops, a combination of knowledge from many methods will be necessary to create scalable, reliable, and effective AI systems that can handle the problems in the real world.  2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, Pune, India; Thomas L., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Indu P.V., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Eslamian S., Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran</text>
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                <text>The introduction of social media has prompted an explosion of diverse data types, such as textual content, pix, videos, and audio. Traditional unimodal analysis techniques do not effectively depict the difficult interactions between exceptional fact sorts and consumer sports. Multimodal data analytics addresses this difficulty through fusing one-of-a-kind modalities to unlock deeper insights, improving the accuracy and scope of social media analysis. This bankruptcy looks into the significance of multimodal facts in understanding consumer behavior, sentiment analysis, content material engagement assessment, and trend prediction. The bankruptcy starts off with the exploration of various sources of statistics in social media analytics, together with textual content posts, visual content, and consumer interactions. It then explores preprocessing and function extraction strategies utilized to prepare raw multimodal data for the usage of gadget gaining knowledge of. In-intensity methodologies, inclusive of natural language processing for text evaluation, computer vision for photo and video interpretation, and speech recognition for audio processing, are expounded in extraordinary detail. Integration of these modalities via fusion techniquesearly fusion, past due fusion, and hybrid modelsis also explored.  2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="233898">
                <text>computer vision (CV); feature fusion yechniques; machine learning in social media; Multimodal data analytics; natural language processing (NLP); sentiment analysis; social media behavior; user engagement patterns</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan, Preethi; Thomas, Lijo; Indu, P.V.; Eslamian, Saied</text>
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                <text>Challenges and opportunities in multimodal learning research</text>
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                <text>Multimodal Learning Using Heterogeneous Data;pp.239-246</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-27528-9.00022-X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-27528-9.00022-X&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105032983384?origin=resultslist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105032983384?origin=resultslist&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Nanjundan P., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, Pune, India; Thomas L., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India, Department of Management, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Indu P.V., Department of Data Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Eslamian S., Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran</text>
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                <text>The trend of multimodal learning, which involves processing and interpreting data through multiple modes such as text, images, and audio, is one aspect that highlights a great frontier in the artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) domains. This project explores the technical, practical, and ethical considerations of research studies on multimodality. It starts with preliminary ethical considerations that should drive progress in AI and ML technologies, which include ideas of transparency, accountability, equality, and privacy. Analysis of this paper holds prime importance for moral concerns, as it discusses the issues of bias in AI algorithms and gives strategies that may reduce the level of bias in multimodal patterns. This technology part of the research focuses on technical challenges concerning accountability and transparency in multimodal machine decision-making methodologies. Privacy concerns regarding extensive use of AI and ML have been brought forward, along with the strategy for defensive personal statistics. At each step, an opportunity for innovation and development will be sought and mapped through the complex ethical landscapes of multimodal knowledge research. Through these considerations, this observation attempts to provide a close analysis in which future recommendations and discussions in the realm of AI and multimodal learning are addressed.  2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="233940">
                <text>artificial intelligence; bias mitigation; machine learning ethical frameworks; Multimodal learning; privacy protection</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="196653">
                <text>Family Factors Associated with Problematic Use of the Internet in Children: A Scoping Review</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="196654">
                <text>adolescents; children; family factors; internet addiction; online gaming addiction; Parenting; problematic use of internet; scoping review</text>
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                <text>Background: Problematic use of the internet (PUI) is a growing concern, particularly in the young population. Family factors influence internet use among children in negative ways. This study examined the existing literature on familial or parental factors related to PUI in children. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Biomed Central, VHL Regional Portal, Cochrane Library, Emerald Insight, and Oxford Academic Journal databases. Studies reporting data on family factors associated with PUI in children, published in English in the 10 years to July 2020 were included. The following data were extracted from each paper by two independent reviewers: methodology and demographic, familial, psychiatric, and behavioral correlates of PUI in children. Results: Sixty-nine studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Three themes emerged: parenting, parental mental health, and intrafamilial demographic correlates of PUI in children. Parenting styles, parental mediation, and parentchild attachment were the major parenting correlates. Conclusion: Literature on significant familial and parental factors associated with PUI in children is scarce. More research is required to identify the interactions of familial and parental factors with PUI in children, to develop informed management strategies to address this issue.  2022 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="196656">
                <text>Nannatt A.; Tariang N.M.; Gowda M.; Devassy S.M.</text>
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                <text>Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Vol-44, No. 4, pp. 341-348.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="196658">
                <text>SAGE Publications Ltd</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2022-01-01</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176221090862" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176221090862&lt;/a&gt;
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="196661">
                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 2537176</text>
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                <text>Online</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="196664">
                <text>English</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Review</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Nannatt A., Dept. of Sociology and Social Work, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Tariang N.M., Dept. of Sociology and Social Work, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Gowda M., Director and Consultant Psychiatrist, Spandana Health Care, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Devassy S.M., Dept. of Social Work, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kerala, Cochin, India</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
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                  <text>Conference Papers</text>
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      <name>Conference Paper</name>
      <description>Faculty Publications- Conference Papers</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="172452">
                <text>Application of CNN and Recurrent Neural Network Method for Osteosarcoma Bone Cancer Detection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="172453">
                <text>Cancer Stem Cell (CSC); Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>The outlook for people with metastatic osteosarcoma at an advanced stage is poor. Osteosarcoma is the most frequent form of bone cancer in children and young adults. There is an urgent need for both advances in treatment tactics and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma since the disease typically develops resistance to existing treatments. Cancer stem cells, also known as tumor stem cells, have been linked to the development and spread of cancer at multiple points in the disease's progression. Cancer stem cells are linked to treatment resistance and carcinogenesis, and recent studies have demonstrated that osteosarcoma shares these properties. The proposed methodology rests on the three pillars of preprocessing, feature extraction, and model training. During preprocessing, that the proposed approach eliminated isolated highlights to help us zero in on the trustworthy region. They use the wavelet transform and the gray level co-occurrence matrix to extract features. A CNN-RNN technique is used to evaluate the models. In terms of output quality, the proposed technique is superior to both CNN and RNN.  2023 IEEE.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="172455">
                <text>Nanthini S.; Sivabalan R.; Sivabalan S.; Bethapudi P.; Kukreti R.; Chauhan A.</text>
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                <text>International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems, ICSSAS 2023 - Proceedings, pp. 62-67.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="172457">
                <text>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSAS57918.2023.10331794" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSAS57918.2023.10331794&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181060387&amp;amp;doi=10.1109%2FICSSAS57918.2023.10331794&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=eaae8115a1b545260ad3bf49bde43e39" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181060387&amp;amp;doi=10.1109%2fICSSAS57918.2023.10331794&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=eaae8115a1b545260ad3bf49bde43e39&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="172460">
                <text>Restricted Access</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="172461">
                <text>ISBN: 979-835030085-7</text>
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                <text>Nanthini S., Saveetha School of Engineering, Department of Data Science, Chennai, Thandalam, India; Sivabalan R., Sri Ramakrishna College of Engineering, Department of Cse, Tamilnadu, Perambalur, India; Sivabalan S., Sri Ramakrishna College of Engineering, Department of Cse, Tamilnadu, Perambalur, India; Bethapudi P., Cse, Gitam School of Technology, Gitam Deemed to Be University, Visakhapatnam, India; Kukreti R., Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Department of Hospitality Management, Uttarakhand, Dehradun, India; Chauhan A., School of Sciences, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Department of Life Sciences, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Improved image denoising with the integrated model of Gaussian filter and neighshrink SURE</text>
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                <text>Gaussian filter; Image denoising; NeighShrink SURE me; Wavelet thresholding</text>
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                <text>Image denoising, being an important preprocessing stage in image processing, minimizes the noise interfering with the information content of the image. The denoising problems are addressed by various techniques starting from the Fourier transforms to wavelets. Because of the localized time frequency features and advantages of multi resolution capabilities, the wavelets have been extensively used in the denoising process. The development of algorithms for the wavelet thresholding or shrinkage strategies along with different filters have resulted in the betterment of image quality after the denoising. Even though the image denoising algorithm based on a combination of Gaussian and Bilateral filters, shows good performance but lacks in consistency with respect to the noise levels and also the type of images used. This paper discusses the advantages of NeighShrink SURE rule in developing an effective thresholding strategy, thereby proposing a improved denoising method incorporating the NeighShrink SURE rule along with combination of Gaussian filter model. The methodology employs the use of subband thresholding derived from the NeighShrink SURE rule. The outcome of the proposed method exhibits a comparatively improved performance in Peak Signal to Ratio (PSNR) and Image Quality Index (IQI) values of the test images. BEIESP.</text>
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                <text>Naragund M.N.; Jagadale B.N.; Priya B.S.; Panchaxri; Hegde V.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Vol-8, No. 6, pp. 3010-3015.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.F9020.088619" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.F9020.088619&lt;/a&gt;
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              <elementText elementTextId="128882">
                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 22498958</text>
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                <text>Naragund M.N., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Jagadale B.N., Department of PG studies and research in Electronics, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India; Priya B.S., Department of Electronics, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India; Panchaxri, Department of Electronics, SSA Govt. First grade College, Ballari, India; Hegde V., Department of Electronics, MESMM Arts and Science College, Sirsi, India</text>
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                <text>An efficient image denoising method based on bilateral filter model and neighshrink SURE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Bilateral filter; Image denoising; Neighshrink SURE; Wavelet thresholding</text>
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                <text>In all the instances of image acquisition, transmission and storage, the unwanted noise gets into the information content of the image and thereby introduces an unpleasant visual quality to the observer. So the field of image processing has produced a lot of image denoising algorithms and techniques to improve the visual quality of the image. Since noise cannot be reduced to zero practically, the need for faithful and efficient denoising techniques to produce almost noiseless images demands a systematic research work in the field of denoising methods. The denoising process using a bilateral filter even though produces improvement in the image quality, it does not show consistency when the noise level is high and also the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Image quality Index (IQI) do not show any improvement. This paper proposes an improved algorithm that incorporates the function of bilateral filter model and wavelet thresholding using Neighshrink SURE method. The results show significant improvement in both PSNR and IQI values with respect to the four standard test images under various noise conditions.  BEIESP.</text>
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                <text>Naragund M.N.; Jagadale B.N.; Priya B.S.; Panchaxri; Hegde V.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, Vol-8, No. 3, pp. 8470-8475.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C6629.098319" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C6629.098319&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>ISSN: 22773878</text>
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                <text>Naragund M.N., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Jagadale B.N., Department of PG studies and research in Electronics, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India; Priya B.S., Department of Electronics, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India; Panchaxri, Department of Electronics, SSA Govt. First grade College, Ballari, India; Hegde V., Department of Electronics, MESMM Arts and Science College, Sirsi, India</text>
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