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                <text>Gupta, Ishani; Nagariya, Ramji</text>
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                <text>The Impact of Cost- Efficient Market Entry Strategies on the Growth and Sustainability of Digital Startups in Emerging Markets</text>
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                <text>Innovating Cost-Efficient and Scalable Business Models in the Digital Era;pp.97-132</text>
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                <text>Gupta I., Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Nagariya R., Christ University, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>In emerging markets, digital startups face numerous challenges related to market entry, including financial constraints, regulatory hurdles, and competitive pressures. Cost- efficient market entry strategies play a pivotal role in determining the growth trajectory and long- term sustainability of these startups. This chapter explores various cost- effective approaches such as bootstrapping, lean startup methodology, strategic partnerships, and digital- first go- to- market strategies. By examining realworld case studies and industry insights, this chapter highlights the impact of these strategies on startup growth and sustainability. Overall, this research contributes to the growing discourse on sustainable entrepreneurship by offering practical insights into scalable, cost- efficient business models. By identifying key enablers of success for digital startups in emerging markets, this study provides valuable recommendations for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and investors aiming to drive innovation and economic development in resource- constrained environments.  2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>ISBN: 979-833732122-6; 979-833732120-2;</text>
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                <text>The impact of Covid-19 on global upstream and downstream supply chain management activities</text>
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                <text>Corona Virus; COVID-19; Downstream Supply chain; Pandemic; Upstream Supply chain</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 pandemic has affected thousands of people worldwide; with significant economic changes in the past and to the changes to be made for future. Many organisations especially; The Intergovernmental economic organisation (OECD - The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) warned the companies and industries on the global economic cut, the corona virus will be boarding. The global economy and international markets pitched down with the spread of corona virus spreading from China which is the world's second largest economy to other countries including Asia; Europe; Australia; Europe; America and the Middle East. Many economies came up with many policies to prevent the further spread of this virus; including restrictions on travel and quarantines; which has disrupted international supply chains affecting a lot of business operations and dwindle revenues. About 75 percent of business including Wholesale; Manufacturing; Retail and Services in China and about 51,000 companies have this impact at a global level according to data from Dun and Bradstreet. The success or failure of every Business depends on how well they manage their supply chain management activities. The impact of corona virus on supply chain activities is twofold. One is; Upstream Supply chain management where companies should monitor the backward integrated activities in procuring the inventory; which has accommodated a loss in the production because of closure of factories and a slowdown in the economy. Second is; Downstream Supply chain management where the intermediaries and middlemen face a lot of problems because of scarcity in inventory and many quarantine measures taken by many economies. Many disruptions in both Upstream and Downstream Supply chains lead to severe scarcity of inventory which was experienced globally by all the economies. This situation has made many economies to think of the inter connectivity and inter dependency among global nations in terms of supply chain. This article is aimed to highlight the effects and changes COVID-19 pandemic has brought in the supply chain industry from both Upstream and Downstream perspective.  2022 Author(s).</text>
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                <text>Sucharitha M.M.; Basha M.D.S.A.</text>
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                <text>AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol-2421</text>
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                <text>American Institute of Physics Inc.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0076721" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0076721&lt;/a&gt;
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                <text>ISSN: 0094243X; ISBN: 978-073544173-6</text>
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                <text>Sucharitha M.M., Department Of Professional Studies, Christ (Deemed To Be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Basha M.D.S.A., Gitam School Of Business, Gandhi Institute Of Technology And Management (Deemed To Be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 561203, India</text>
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                <text>The impact of Covid-19 on the capital structure in emerging economies: evidence from India</text>
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                <text>Bankruptcy risk; Capital structure; Covid-19; Debt; Emerging economies; Leverage</text>
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                <text>Purpose: Capital structure is an important corporate financing decision, particularly for companies in emerging economies. This paper attempts to understand whether the pandemic had any significant impact on the capital structure of companies in emerging economies. India being a prominent emerging economy is an ideal candidate for the analysis. Design/methodology/approach: The study utilizes three leverage ratios in an extended market index, BSE500, for the period 20152021. The ratios considered are short-term leverage ratio (STLR), long-term leverage ratio (LTLR) and total leverage ratio (TLR). A dummy variable differentiates the pre-epidemic (20152019) and pandemic (20202021) period. Control variables are used to represent firm characteristics such as growth, tangibility, profit, size and liquidity. Dynamic panel data regression is employed to address endogeneity. Findings: The findings point out that Covid-19 has had a significant, negative effect on LTLR, while the impact on STLR and TLR was insignificant. The findings indicate that companies based in a culturally risk-averse environment, such as India, would reduce the long-term debt to avoid bankruptcy in times of uncertainty. Research limitations/implications: The study covers the impact of the pandemic on Indian companies. Hence, generalization of the findings to global context might not be valid. Practical implications: To maintain economic growth in the post-crisis period, Indian policymakers should ensure accessibility to low-cost capital. The findings provide impetus to deepen the insignificant corporate bond market in India for future economic revival. Originality/value: Developing countries are struggling to revive the economies postpandemic. This is particularly true for Asian economies which are heavily reliant on banks for survival. This research finds evidence to utilize bond market as a source of raising capital for economic revival.  2022, Nisha Prakash, Aditya Maheshwari and Aparna Hawaldar.</text>
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                <text>Prakash N.; Maheshwari A.; Hawaldar A.</text>
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                <text>Asian Journal of Accounting Research, Vol-8, No. 3, pp. 236-249.</text>
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                <text>Emerald Publishing</text>
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                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 24599700</text>
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                <text>Prakash N., Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Symbiosis International University, Bengaluru, India; Maheshwari A., Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Hawaldar A., Christ University, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Nomran, Naji Mansour; Shaikh, Zakir Hossen; Irfan, Mohammad; Vemavarapu, Koteswara Rao; Anto, Manolo L.</text>
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                <text>Studies in Big Data;Volume;170;pp.643-650</text>
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                <text>Purpose: This study intends to contribute to the literature of eco-innovation by examining the pro-environmental intentions and behaviour among consumers through their understanding of eco-innovation. Thus, the relationship among eco-innovation, general pro-social attitude, generativity, environmental concern, purchasing intentions and buying environmentally friendly products and the differences of the relationship between high and low emotional loyalty and Generation Y and Z were investigated via structural equation modelling (SEM). Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through an online questionnaire directed to Indian consumers, and analysis was done through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in two stages, i.e. measurement model and structural model. Findings: Results confirm the relationships established in the proposed model, and some differences were found between the levels of emotional loyalty and the Generations Y and Z. The research shows that individualistic norms and perceived marketplace influence play a purposeful role in transforming environmental concerns into buying behaviour towards eco-innovation-driven products. Practical implications: From a policy and management perspective, the results not only imply the importance of continuous performance and environmental improvement but also those policies hindering diffusion and adoption need to be addressed. Green buying is an elusive task but can be opportunely attained by marketers by adding elements of eco-innovations and understanding mindsets of consumers to create winwin situations for themselves and consumers. Originality/value: The results reinforced that emotional loyalty and Generations Y and Z vitally impact consumers' green buying decision within the framework of eco-innovation and cognitive factors.  2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.</text>
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                <text>Entrepreneurship has a long history associated with economic development, innovation, and social transformation. Its value is more heightened in remote rural communities where some traditional economic sectors like agriculture, forestry, or fishing are primarily practiced but insufficient to ensure continued sustainable development in such areas. This chapter discusses how entrepreneurship is very crucial in ensuring the resilience of remote rural areas. It utilizes a comprehensive review of academic literature, journals, and research papers. Entrepreneurship is a crucial motor for strengthening the resilience of remote rural populations. Through the stimulation of economic stability, the creation of social cohesion, and the fostering of adaptive capacity, it provides an entry road to sustainable development. However, there is a strong need to resolve the unique problems that rural entrepreneurs face and have an ecosystem to foster innovation and growth.  2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing.</text>
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                <text>The increasing environmental issues have remoulded consumer behaviour, forcing a shift towards sustainable consumption in the real estate sector. Prior research has focused more on demographic factors and environmental awareness as the main factors for eco-friendly purchases. However, there still exist gaps in acknowledging how certain specific environmental attributes impact purchase intention and, more specifically, the mediating role of consumer attitude towards behaviour concerning real estate sector. This current study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior framework to examine the influence of environmental attributes on purchase intentions for sustainable housing. The analysis has been performed using IBM SPSS Statistic Version 30 and JMP software. The findings show a significant impact of environmental attributes on purchase intention, and the mediation effect of attitude towards behaviour also leaves a significant impact between environmental attributes and purchase intention. These findings will also help contribute to the literature on sustainable housing by linking environmental attributes with consumer behavioural theory.  The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.</text>
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                <text>The Synergistic Effect of Sustainable Business Practices on Corporate Performance;pp.61-75</text>
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                <text>Bhowmick D., Christ (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore, India; Boralkar M., Christ (Deemed to be) University, Bangalore, India; Salunkhe H.A., School of Business, MIT World Peace University, Pune, India</text>
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                <text>Following the global financial crisis, Environmental, Social, and Governance discretion in stock market investment decisions has become necessary for sustainable development. Environmental, Social, and Governance consider investing qualities such as accountability, risk minimization, and long-term return. This study investigates how individual stock market investors perceive and are aware of Environmental, Social, and Governance concerns, as well as how the purpose of an investment influences how judgments are made regarding it. The studys sequential mixed research methodology begins with an interview and progresses to a cluster and snowball sampling procedure for a survey of stock market investors. The studys findings show how the Environmental, Social, and Governance factor moderates investment decisions, with implications for managers, investors, and regulators. Investors will be assured a long-term return on investment as well as accountability to the environment, society, and economic equilibrium, which could lead to sustainable development. It is also recommended that future research be performed in various states and countries with diverse causes and conceptions.  2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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                <text>The impact of ESG inclusion on price, liquidity and financial performance of Indian stocks: Evidence from stocks listed in BSE and NSE ESG indices</text>
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                <text>environmental development; event studies; stock markets; sustainability</text>
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                <text>In recent years, investors have perceived that Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices significantly increase the value of companies' stocks. This study investigates the impact of ESG inclusion on the price, liquidity and financial performance of stocks listed in the Indian ESG indices. Two major Indian benchmark ESG Indices, the BSE100 ESG and Nifty 100 ESG, were considered for the study. A total sample of 64 firms from the BSE100 ESG index and 86 firms from the Nifty100 ESG index were selected. The market model of the event study methodology was employed to measure AAR and CAAR and to demonstrate the effect before and after the inclusion of the stocks in the ESG indices. The empirical results show a highly significant negative AAR on the announcement day, i.e., on (day = 0) for BSE100 ESG index stocks and an insignificant positive AAR for Nifty100 ESG index stocks. In addition, the results also document a significant negative CAAR for BSE 100 ESG stocks and a positive insignificant CAAR for Nifty100 ESG stocks. Moreover, the liquidity test results revealed a considerable liquidity enhancement in the stocks posts their inclusion in the BSE100 ESG. At the same time, there were no significant changes in the liquidity ratio of stocks after being included in the Nifty100 ESG index. This study concludes that there will be a substantial improvement in the companies' financial performance as indicated by EPS and market capitalization after their inclusion in the ESG indices.  Suresha B., Srinidhi V. R., Dippi Verma, Manu K. S., Krishna T. A., 2022.</text>
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                <text>Suresha B.; Srinidhi V.R.; Verma D.; Manu K.S.; Krishna T.A.</text>
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                <text>Investment Management and Financial Innovations, Vol-19, No. 4, pp. 40-50.</text>
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                <text>All Open Access; Gold Open Access</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 18104967</text>
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                <text>Suresha B., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India; Srinidhi V.R., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India; Verma D., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India; Manu K.S., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India; Krishna T.A., Department of Professional Studies, School of Commerce, Finance and Accountancy, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India</text>
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                <text>The impact of excess CSR expenditure on firm value anddividend payout in India: ananalysis using firm age andsize dynamics</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="86181">
                <text>Corporate social responsibility (CSR); CSR expenditure; Dividend payout; Firm value</text>
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                <text>Purpose: The paper looks at the impact of excess amount of CSR expenditure (CSRE) in relation to mandatory CSRE in an Indian context on dividend payout (DP) and firm value (FV) where CSRE is mandatory, as well as how this relationship varies between firms based on their age and size. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of the 657 companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) from 201415 to 202021 is used in the study, for which spending on CSR was mandatory. A two-step generalised method of the moment is employed to examine the relationship between the variables of interest. Findings: The results show that excess CSREs neither increase the firms valuation nor benefit shareholders' economic benefits, i.e. dividend distribution. However, a deeper analysis reveals that excess CSRE is positively associated with FV in the case of smaller firms and also positively corresponds with DP in the case of younger firms. Originality/value: The present study explicitly considers the excess CSR spending beyond the mandated requirements. It investigates whether such spending contributes to firms improving their valuation and explores its connection to DPs. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0136.  2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.</text>
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                <text>Chettri N.; Makan L.T.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Social Economics</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 3068293</text>
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                <text>Chettri N., Department of Commerce, St. Edmunds College, Shillong, India; Makan L.T., Department of Commerce, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India, Department of Commerce, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Chettri, Navin; Makan, Leo Themjung</text>
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                <text>The impact of excess CSR expenditure on firm value anddividend payout in India: ananalysis using firm age andsize dynamics</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Social Economics;Volume;52;Issue;6;pp.931-946</text>
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                <text>Chettri N., Department of Commerce, St. Edmunds College, Shillong, India; Makan L.T., Department of Commerce, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India, Department of Commerce, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Purpose: The paper looks at the impact of excess amount of CSR expenditure (CSRE) in relation to mandatory CSRE in an Indian context on dividend payout (DP) and firm value (FV) where CSRE is mandatory, as well as how this relationship varies between firms based on their age and size. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of the 657 companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) from 201415 to 202021 is used in the study, for which spending on CSR was mandatory. A two-step generalised method of the moment is employed to examine the relationship between the variables of interest. Findings: The results show that excess CSREs neither increase the firms valuation nor benefit shareholders' economic benefits, i.e. dividend distribution. However, a deeper analysis reveals that excess CSRE is positively associated with FV in the case of smaller firms and also positively corresponds with DP in the case of younger firms. Originality/value: The present study explicitly considers the excess CSR spending beyond the mandated requirements. It investigates whether such spending contributes to firms improving their valuation and explores its connection to DPs. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0136  2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.</text>
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                <text>The impact of feedback mechanisms on RayleighBard penetrative convection in micro-polar fluids</text>
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                <text>Chaos, Solitons and Fractals;Volume;194;Issue;;Article No.;116228;</text>
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                <text>Nandal R., Department of Humanities and Sciences, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad, 501506, India; Revankar V.V., Department of Mathematics, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Ahmed E., Department of Humanities and Sciences, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad, 501506, India</text>
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                <text>This study examines the effects of feedback control and internal heat sources on the onset criterion of RayleighBard convection (RBC) in a horizontal Boussinesq micropolar fluid layer. A linear stability analysis, employing the Chebyshev pseudospectral method, is conducted to compute the eigenvalues and assess the stability of the system under varying conditions. The analysis considers several parameters, including heat conduction, coupling, couple stress, scalar controller gain, and internal heat sources. The findings reveal that the introduction of internal heat sources destabilizes the system, while the scalar controller gain significantly delays the onset of convection, thereby enhancing system stability. Additionally, it is demonstrated that an increase in both the coupling and heat conduction parameters contributes positively to system stabilization, whereas an increase in the couple stress parameter hastens the onset of convection. Notably, the investigation indicates that the system demonstrates greater stability when the boundary is heated from above as opposed to from below. These results provide crucial insights for the control of heat transfer in micropolar fluids and suggest that optimizing the scalar controller gain, along with careful tuning of other system parameters, can significantly enhance stability. The implications of this research are substantial for the design of efficient fluid dynamical systems, particularly in scenarios requiring precise control over temperature, pressure, and flow, such as those encountered in chemical processing, power generation, and manufacturing.  2025 Elsevier Ltd</text>
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                <text>Convection; Feedback control; Internal heat source/sink; Micro-polar fluid; ProportionalIntegralDerivative</text>
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                <text>The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Social and Political Empowerment: Mediating Role of Economic Empowerment</text>
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                <text>Economic empowerment; Financial inclusion; Financial inclusion index; Slums; Women empowerment</text>
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                <text>The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial inclusion on womens social and political empowerment through the mediation of economic empowerment. A multidimensional index is created, using methodology by UNDP, to measure financial inclusion. Womens empowerment is measured through economic, social, and political dimensions. The datacollected from 545 women in slums through a structured schedule on a 5-point Likert scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to measure the construct. Multivariate statistical techniques such as regression were used to test the relationship between financial inclusion and women empowerment. The findings underscore a discernibly modest representation of women attaining high financial inclusion in slum settings. It is essential to recognise the pivotal role of economic empowerment as a partial mediator within the intricate interplay linking financial inclusion to social and political empowerment.This investigation is grounded in an examination of urban slums but has the potential for broader applicability, encompassing rural regions and locales proximate to financial centers within metropolitan areas to formulate a comprehensive framework for the empowerment of women. The findings underscore the impact of socio-economic and politico-economic factors on the incorporation of marginalized communities into the formal financial system. The current investigation results have implications for policymakers in developing countries that can serve as a valuable resource to enhance womens participation in the formal financial system.  2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="99622">
                <text>Bhatia S.; Dawar G.</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 18687865</text>
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                <text>Bhatia S., Department of Management, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi, India, University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India; Dawar G., School of Business and Management, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India</text>
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                <text>The Impact of Fintech and Financial Inclusion on SMEs Growth and Development</text>
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                <text>Tripathi A., Department of Professional Studies, Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Tripathi D.K., Department of Management, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India; Chadha S., Department of Management, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India</text>
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                <text>Gupta, Ishani; Nagariya, Ramji</text>
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                <text>The Impact of Flexible Work Policies on Employee Well-Being and Retention in Modern Organizations</text>
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                <text>Prioritizing Employee Mental Health and Well-Being for Organizational Success;pp.185-218</text>
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                <text>Gupta I., Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Nagariya R., Christ University, Bengaluru, India</text>
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                <text>Flexible work policies have become foundational to contemporary organizational strategy, particularly in light of the transformative shifts triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter investigates the multifaceted impact of such policies on employee well-being and organizational retention. Drawing from an integrative lens, it incorporates four major theoretical frameworksJob Demands-Resources (JD-R), Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Conservation of Resources (COR), and Social Exchange Theory (SET)to provide a comprehensive understanding of how flexible work arrangements influence employee engagement, satisfaction, and organizational loyalty. In addition to synthesizing existing scholarship, this chapter contributes a novel cross-t heoretical model that bridges motivational psychology and organizational behavior. It also proposes a suite of policy evaluation tools that blend qualitative and quantitative metrics, enabling organizations to monitor and.  2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.</text>
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                <text>The Synergistic Effect of Sustainable Business Practices on Corporate Performance;pp.127-139</text>
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                <text>Mathew J.A., Christ University, Pune, India; Maji S., Christ University, Pune, India</text>
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                <text>This paper examines the evolving role of government initiatives in fostering sustainable business practices, with a focus on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a critical tool for aligning economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability. By analyzing the historical evolution of CSR and its current framework in India, including its mandatory implementation under the Companies Act, 2013, this study highlights the multidimensional aspects of CSR: environmental, ethical, philanthropic, and economic responsibilities. It also explores the strategic integration of CSR to meet stakeholder expectations, enhance competitiveness, and mitigate risks, illustrating its potential as a driver for sustainable development. The research further addresses mechanisms for legal compliance, inspection, and enforcement, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for businesses in adhering to CSR norms while contributing to broader societal goals.  2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.</text>
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